Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2.

Thallus: crustose, epiphloedal, rimose to areolate, well developed, c. 100 µm thick, effuse, delimited by a dark brown prothalline line surface: white to pale gray, smooth or somewhat granulose, with a c. 40 µm thick epinecral layer medulla: white, differentiated, cretaceous mata: elongated, simple or little branched, very irregular, 1-2 x 0.2-0.4 mm, sometimes +round, 0.4-0.5 mm in diam., simple or aggregated, immersed in thallus disc: plane, with thin, smooth, whitish or grayish pruinose margin: persistent pseudothecium: reticulate hymenium: hyaline, 75-100 µm tall, I+ red; paraphysoids: sparse, branched and anastomosing. forming a loose reticulum in a dense gelatinous matrix, 1.5-2 µm wide, apical cells little or not enlarged, reticulate subhymenium: brown, 15-40 µm thick asci: cylindrico-clavate, without a differentiated ring, 55-65 x 11-14 µm, 8-spored ascospores: hyaline, becoming brown only when old, transversely (3-)4-5-septate, oblong-ovoid, straight, 15-18(-21) x 4-5 µm, with thin wall and a thin gelatinous sheath, sometimes enlarged at the septa and +constricted in the center Pycnidia: not found Spot tests: thallus K+ orange, or K-, C-, KC-, P- Secondary metabolites: unknown, pale yellow substance of RF 5A,3B,5C and a yellow pigment of RF 3A,1-2B,2-3C. Substrate and ecology: on bark World distribution: South America (Venezuela) and western North America (California) Sonoran distribution: southern California.