Global occurrence: Eurasia – Asia Extratropical | Eurasia – Europe | Americas – North America (incl Mexico) | Arctic.  Substrate: rock – siliceous, siliciferous, acidic | rock, stones, pebbles – unspecified.  Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts).  Thallus: crustose (crustaceous) – episubstratal – unspecified | squamulose (squamulous); compartimentized – areolate, squamulate; [th] upper surface: brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon) | brown(ish) black | black(ish) brown | grey(ish) brown; [th upper surface]: epruinose; [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: absent; [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) width [mm]: (low) 0.3 (high) 0.5 (max) 1.0; [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) upper surface: verrucose, warted | rugose, plicate, folded, pustulate, faveolate, wrinkled | uneven, undulate; [th] medulla amyloidity: absent.  Ascomata: absent | present; ascoma: apothecial, apothecioid – hymenial; ascoma [mm]: (low) 0.3 (high) 0.5 (max) 0.7; ascoma: immersed, innate | subsessile, subimmersed, adnate, semi-immersed, emergent; [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: concave | plane, flat, flattened, expanded; [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: black(ish) | brown(ish) black; [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: epruinose; [ascm, if apoth] margin excipular photobionts: absent; [ascm, if apoth] subhymenial layers, hypothecium; [if perith] basal excipulum: yellow(ish) (if dull: buff) | hyaline, colourless; [ascm] paraphyses/-oids: present; [ascm] paraphyses/-oid cells width [µm]: (low) 1.5 (high) 1.7 (max) 2.5; [ascm] paraphyses/-oid apical cells width [µm]: (low) 2.0 (high) 3.5 (max) 5.0; [ascm] epihymenium, epithecium: brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon) | green(ish) brown (olive brown) | yellow(ish) brown | red(dish) brown (pale: orange brown).  Asci: lecanoralean; [asc] tholus: thickened; [asc] tholus amyloidity (iodine reaction): present; [asc] tholus amyloidity pattern: amyloid with widening axial body towards the apex (= Lecanora-, Parmelia-, Rinodina-types etc).  Ascospores: (median) 8.0; [asp] shape: broadly ellipsoidal; [asp] length [µm]: (min) 7.0 (low) 9.0 (high) 12.0 (max) 16.0; [asp] width [µm]: (min) 4.0 (low) 4.5 (high) 5.5 (max) 7.0; [asp] septa: absent – spore lumen unilocular, monolocular; [asp] pigmentation: hyaline, colourless; [asp] perispore, epispore: not apparent.  Conidiomata: absent | present.  Conidia: filiform, vermiform; [co] length [µm]: (low) 20.0 (high) 22.0.  Secondary metabolites: present, miriquidic acid.  Primary photobiont: present, chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid.  Secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent.