Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2002. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 1.

Thallus: continuous, immersed in the substrate upper surface: whitish or absent, smooth photobiont: a trentepohlioid alga or absent Perithecia: hemispherical, black, superficial or semi-immersed in the thallus, 0.2-0.5 mm diam. perithecial wall: black, continuous below the hamathecium hamathecium: branched pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing above the asci; filaments: c. 1 µm wide, not inspersed with oil droplets asci: clavate, c. 75-95 x 10-13 µm, with 8, irregularly arranged ascospores ascospores: hyaline, narrowly ovoid, 1-septate with a slightly submedian euseptum, 14-20 x 5-6 µm, not ornamented, without a gelatinous sheath Spot tests: all negative, UV- Secondary metabolites: none detected. Substrate and ecology: on bark of various woody plants World distribution: pantropical or possibly nearly cosmopolitan, abundant especially in coastal regions Sonoran distribution: recorded from Baja California Sur (several times), southern California and Sinaloa. Notes: Remarkably, the Sonoran Desert material was partly lichenized and partly not (Aptroot 1997).