Global occurrence: Africa (incl Madagascar) | Antarctic – Antarctica | Eurasia – Europe | Americas – North America (incl Mexico) | Americas – South and Central America | Arctic.  Substrate: rock – siliceous, siliciferous, acidic | rock, stones, pebbles – unspecified.  Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts).  Thallus: leprose, leprarioid, powdery, byssoid | crustose (crustaceous) – episubstratal – unspecified; thallus: granular, granulose, granulate | cracked, fissured, fractured, rimose | compartimentized – areolate, squamulate; [th] upper surface: yellow(ish) (if dull: buff) | yellow(ish) green; [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: present; [th margin] cilia, cilioid structures: absent; [th upper surface] isidia, isidioid structures: absent; [th upper surface] soredia, soralia, soralioid structures: present; [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) width [mm]: (low) 0.1 (high) 0.2; [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) upper surface: granulose, granular.  Ascomata: absent.  Secondary metabolites: present, calycin | vulpinic acid.  Primary photobiont: present, chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid.  Secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent.