Global occurrence: Eurasia – Europe | Americas – North America (incl Mexico) | Arctic.  Substrate: soil, clay, humus, turf, detritus, dead leaves | bryophytes – mosses, liverworts | lichens, lichenized fungi | wood – dead, living.  Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts).  Thallus: crustose (crustaceous) – episubstratal – unspecified; granular, granulose, granulate | compartimentized – areolate, squamulate; [th] upper surface: grey(ish) white; [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: absent; [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) upper surface: verrucose, warted.  Ascomata: absent | present; ascoma: perithecial, perithecioid – hymenial; ascoma [mm]: (low) 0.3 (high) 0.5; ascoma: immersed, innate; [ascm, if apoth] margin surface; [if perith] periostiolar area, ostiole, involucrellum: black(ish) brown; [ascm] paraphyses/-oids: present.  Asci: fissitunicate – bitunicate; [asc] tholus: thickened; [asc] tholus amyloidity (iodine reaction): present; [asc] tholus amyloidity pattern: with amyloid tube, ring (= Collema-, Micarea-, Porpidia-, Psora-types etc).  Ascospores: (median) 8.0; [asp] shape: ellipsoidal; [asp] length [µm]: (low) 24.0 (high) 36.0; [asp] width [µm]: (low) 9.0 (high) 14.0; [asp] septa: present; muriformly septate – muriform, submuriform; [asp] pigmentation: hyaline, colourless; [asp] perispore, epispore: not apparent | ornamented, rough, warted, striate, cracked.  Secondary metabolites: absent.  Primary photobiont: present, chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid.  Secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent.