Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2002. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 1.

Life habit: lichenized or non-lichenized and saprophytic Thallus: crustose, mostly immersed in the substrate photobiont: a trentepohlioid alga or absent Ascomata: perithecial, semi-immersed Involucrellum: pseudostromatic, blackened, sometimes forming a clypeus ascomatal wall: black, continuous below the hamathecium; true exciple: black hamathecium: composed of branched pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing between and above the asci, non-amyloid, but often yellowish colored (with anthraquinones) asci: bitunicate, cylindrical, with tholus, non-amyloid, 8-spored ascospores: hyaline, ellipsoid to fusiform, 3-septate with distosepta and occasionally also eusepta, 18-55 x 5.5-17 µm; walls: not ornamented. Conidiomata: pycnidial conidia: filiform Secondary metabolites: lichexanthone in the thallus and/or anthraquinones in the ascomata or absent Geography: mostly tropical Substrate: only on bark. Notes: The genus is characterized by its hyaline, 3-septate ascospores with diamond-shaped lumina due to its irregular distoseptum thickening and its anastomosing hamathecium filaments, in combination with uniloculate ascomata and an immersed to absent thallus.