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- building a Global Consortium of Bryophytes and Lichens as keystones of cryptobiotic communities -
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Pyrenula
Family: Pyrenulaceae
Pyrenula image
Frank Bungartz
  • Greater Sonoran Desert
  • Resources
Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2002. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 1.
Life habit: lichenized or non-lichenized, saprophytic;. Thallus: crustose, usually immersed but sometimes superficial, sometimes areolate, occasionally with pseudocyphellae or pockets of crystals, often surrounded by a hypothallus photobiont: primary one a trentepohlioid alga or absent, secondary photobiont absent Ascomata: perithecial, black, often aggregated in pseudostromata involucrellum: dark brown to black, clypeate, composed of fungal hyphae interspersed with bark cells and often K+ reddish or violet crystals ascomatal wall: black, usually continuous below the hamathecium, often partly immersed in the thallus; true exciple: brown to pale brown, entire or not developed below the perithecial cavity, colorless or orange crystals often dense at the wall lining the locule hamathecium: initially branched, anastomosed, sparsely septate paraphysoids; then replaced by unbranched paraphyses, not anastomosing, non-amyloid, hemiamyloid or amyloid; periphyses delveloped along the ostiolar canal asci: bitunicate, clavate to cylindrical, long-stalked, with tholus, thickened at the apex with an internal apical beak, non-amyloid ascospores: brown, ellipsoid to fusiform, transversely 2-30-septate, or muriform, with distosepta and often additional eusepta, 9-200 x 4-55 µm; walls: not ornamented Conidiomata: pycnidial, black conidia: filiform, simple, hyaline Secondary metabolites: lichexanthone, or anthraquinones, or absent Geography: cosmopolitan, but most diverse in the tropics Substrate: mostly on bark, but also on non-calcareous rock. Notes: the genus is in its current delimitation characterized by the combination of clypeate ascomata and brown, distoseptate ascospores and simple paraphyses.
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Pyrenula acutalis
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Pyrenula acutispora
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Pyrenula adacta
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Pyrenula addubitans
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Pyrenula affinis
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Pyrenula aggregans
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Pyrenula aggregata
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Pyrenula alba
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Pyrenula albella
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Pyrenula albida
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Pyrenula albidopunctata
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Pyrenula albissima
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Pyrenula albo-ostiolata
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Pyrenula albothallina
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Pyrenula alni
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Pyrenula alutacea
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Pyrenula americana
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Pyrenula analepta
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Pyrenula anamalaiensis
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Pyrenula andamanica
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Pyrenula andina
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Pyrenula annulata
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Pyrenula anomala
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Pyrenula anomaloides
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Pyrenula apayoënsis
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Pyrenula apistea
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Pyrenula approximans
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Pyrenula approximata
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Pyrenula arctecincta
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Pyrenula arthonioides
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Pyrenula arthoniotheca
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Pyrenula arthoniza
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Pyrenula asahinae
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Pyrenula aspistea
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Pyrenula aspisteoides
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Pyrenula astroidea
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Pyrenula athallina
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Pyrenula atroalbella
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Pyrenula atrofusca
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Pyrenula atrofuscescens
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Pyrenula atrolaminata
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Pyrenula atropurpurea
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Pyrenula aurantiaca
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Pyrenula aurantiopileata
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Pyrenula aurantiothallina
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Pyrenula australis
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Pyrenula awajiensis
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Pyrenula bahiana
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Pyrenula baileyi
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Pyrenula balia
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This project made possible by National Science Foundation Awards: #1115116, #2001500, #2001394
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