Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts) thallus: squamulose (squamulous) | foliose (foliaceous), leaf-like | subfruticose (subfruticous), fruticulose, dactyliform [th] upper surface: black(ish) [th upper surface]: epruinose [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: absent [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) width [mm]: (low) 0.5 (high) 2.0 [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, squamules): distantly discontiguous [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) upper surface: smooth, plane | verrucose, warted [th] morphol substructures (eg lobes, branches): irregular [th] lower surface: black(ish) [th lower surface] specific structures: absent ascomata: absent | present ascoma: apothecial, apothecioid – hymenial ascoma [mm]: (low) 0.4 (high) 0.8 ascoma: sessile, superficial [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: concave [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: red(dish) | black(ish) brown | red(dish) brown (if pale: orange brown) [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: epruinose [ascm, if apoth] margin surface; [if perith] periostiolar area, ostiole, involucrellum: black(ish) [ascm, if apoth] margin excipular photobionts: present | abundant [ascm, if apoth] subhymenial layers, hypothecium; [if perith] basal excipulum: yellow(ish) (if dull: buff) [ascm] paraphyses/-oids: present [ascm] paraphyses/-oid cells width [µm]: (low) 1.5 (high) 2.0 (max) 3.0 [ascm] paraphyses/-oid apical cells width [µm]: (low) 3.0 (high) 8.5 [ascm] epihymenium, epithecium: brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon) asci: lecanoralean [asc] tholus: thickened [asc] tholus amyloidity (iodine reaction): present [asc] tholus amyloidity pattern: with amyloid tube (= Collema-, Micarea-, Porpidia-, Psora-types etc) ascospores: (min) 2.0(median) 4.0 [asp] shape: subglobose, subspherical | oval | oblong, oblong-obtuse [asp] length [µm]: (low) 20.0 (high) 36.0 (max) 40.0 [asp] width [µm]: (low) 13.0 (high) 22.0 [asp] septa: present [asp] septa: muriformly septate – muriform, submuriform [asp] transversal septa: (min) 1.0 (low) 3.0 (high) 4.0 [asp] pigmentation: hyaline, colourless [asp] perispore, epispore: not apparent secondary metabolites: absent primary photobiont: present secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent primary photobiont: cyanobacterial.

substrate: soil, clay, humus, turf, detritus, dead leaves | bryophytes – mosses, liverworts | rock – calcareous, calciferous, basic.