Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2.

Vegetative hyphae: brown, 1-6 µm thick Pseudothecia: black, globose to subglobose or ovoid, immersed, 40-70 µm high and 30-80 µm wide wall: upper part dark brown and lower part pale brown to almost hyaline; outer layer: composed of 2-7 cell layers, 3-30 µm thick; inner layer: hyaline, with 2-3 cell layers hamathecium: periphyses and pseudoparaphyses of type a (?) asci: subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, shortly stipitate, 20-40 x 8-14 µm, 8spored, I- ascospores: hyaline, 1-septate (over-mature ascospores 2-septate), constricted at the septa, lower cell usually narrower and longer than the upper one, mostly with 1 oil droplet per cell, ellipsoid, (8-)9-13(-16) x 3-7 µm, obtuse-ended; walls: smooth, thin, without halo, I- Pycnidia: not seen. Hosts: apothecial discs of Physcia caesia, P. caesia var. rhaetica, P. dubia and P. wainioi (=P. caesia, Vol. I); in Arizona on saxicolous Physcia wainioi World distribution: Europe, Africa (Canary Islands), Australasia (New Zealand), South America (Chile), and North America (U.S.A.) Sonoran distribution: once collected on the San Francisco Peaks of Arizona.