Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2.

Thallus: crustose, episubstratic, continuous, up to 0.3 mm thick; prothallus: absent surface: whitish gray, smooth, dull, epruinose, without soredia or isidia Apothecia: sparse or moderately abundant, orbicular, sessile, slightly constricted at base, up to 0.7 mm in diam. disc: black, plane to weakly convex, epruinose margin: distinct from the beginning exciple: grayish green to bluish green, without algal cells parathecium: hyaline, without crystals epihymenium: blackish green to bluish green, without crystals hymenium: hyaline, 55-85 µm tall, not inspersed; paraphyses: simple, rarely anastomosing or branched, slightly thickened apically hypothecium: hyaline asci: clavate, lecanoral, 8-spored ascospores: hyaline, simple, ellipsoid, 8.5-14 x 4.5-7.5 µm Pycnidia: not seen Spot tests: thallus surface K-, C-, KC-, P- Secondary metabolite: 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid. Substrate and ecology: on bark World and Sonoran distribution: southeastern Arizona and Baja California Sur.