Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2.

Life habit: lichenicolous, commensalistic, non-lichenized Ascomata: apothecial but sometimes appearing perithecioid initially, immersed parts hyaline to brown, exposed parts black, aggregated or dispersed, immersed to erumpent, but then broadly attached to the substrate, 50250(-350) µm in diam. margin: often covering the disc, except for a pore-like opening, in some species divided by several deep cruciately arranged fissures when old disc: at least partly exposed when old hairs: absent or present, macroscopically visible or not exciple: hyaline to brown or orange-brown, basally paraplectenchymatic, composed of isodiametric cells, K-, N-; lateral exciple: pale brown, in the upper part composed of more elongate, narrow cells, which protrude as hairs in some species, sometimes with an additional greenish pigment (K+ olivaceous, N-) epihymenium: green, K+ olivaceous, N- hymenium: hyaline, I- and KI-; paraphyses: simple or branched, septate, apically slightly swollen, without pigments (but surrounded by the greenish epihymenial pigment), easily separating in K under slight pressure; sub-hymenium: hyaline; hypothecium: indistinct asci: clavate to subcylindrical, thin-walled, with a single functional wall layer, wall apically not or slightly thickened, I- and KI-, 8-spored ascospores: hyaline, 0(-1)-septate, ellipsoid to fusiform, straight or slightly curved, with ±obtuse ends, in at least three species biguttulate, smooth, without a distinct perispore Conidiomata: known in two species, pycnidial, macroscopically almost indistinguishable from closed ascomata and intermixed with them; wall: brown (same pigment as the ascomatal wall) conidiogenous cells: hyaline, phialidic, ampulliform conidia: hyaline, simple, subcylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid, basally thickened and truncate, smooth-walled Geography: Northern Hemisphere and Papua New Guinea Substrate: thallus of mainly crustose lichens.