Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2.

Pycnidia: immersed to superficial, black, subglobose to obpyriform, 50-80(-100) µm in diam.; wall: composed of dark brown cells of 7-10 µm in diam. conidiogenous cells: (5-)6-9(-11) x 1.5-2.5(-3) µm conidia: brown to dark brown, simple, subglobose to shortly ellipsoid, distinctly truncate at the base, indistinctly verruculose, (2-)2.5-3.5(-4) x 2-3 µm. Hosts: Cladonia s. lat. species World distribution: Europe and North America Sonoran distribution: once collected in Arizona. Notes: Lichenoconium pyxidatae appears to be confined to species of Cladonia s. lat. However, care should be taken in the identification of this species, as two other species of the genus, viz. L. erodens and L. usneae are known from the same host genus. Both have distinctly smaller pycnidia and also narrower conidiogenous cells.