Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2002. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 1.

Thallus: continuous, superficial on the substrate upper surface: yellow to orange or reddish, smooth photobiont: a trentepohlioid alga Perithecia: spherical, black, semi-immersed in the thallus, 0.3-0.5 mm diam. ascomatal wall: black, continuous below the hamathecium hamathecium: composed of unbranched pseudoparaphyses, not anastomosing; filaments: c. 1 µm wide, not inspersed with oil droplets asci: cylindrical, with 8, irregularly arranged ascospores ascospores: blackish brown, broadly ellipsoid, submuriform, distoseptate, 15-21 x 8-10 µm; walls: not ornamented, without a gelatinous sheath Spot tests: all negative, UV+ red Secondary metabolites: undetermined anthraquinones. Substrate and ecology: on bark of Avicennia World distribution: pantropical, especially abundant in coastal regions Sonoran distribution: so far only collected once in Sinaloa.