Global occurrence: Africa (incl Madagascar) | Eurasia – Asia Extratropical | Oceania – Australasia | Eurasia – Europe | Americas – North America (incl Mexico) | Americas – South and Central America | Arctic.  Substrate: bryophytes – mosses, liverworts | wood – dead, living | bark, cork, plant surface – trunks, branches, twigs | rock – siliceous, siliciferous, acidic.  Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts).  Thallus: crustose (crustaceous) – episubstratal – unspecified; [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: absent.  Ascomata: absent | present; ascoma: apothecial, apothecioid – hymenial; [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: subconvex, slightly convex | convex; [ascm, if apoth] subhymenial layers, hypothecium; [if perith] basal excipulum: hyaline, colourless; [ascm] paraphyses/-oids: present.  Asci: lecanoralean; [asc] tholus: thickened; [asc] tholus amyloidity (iodine reaction): present; [asc] tholus amyloidity pattern: with amyloid tube, ring (= Collema-, Micarea-, Porpidia-, Psora-types etc).  Ascospores: (median) 8.0.  Conidiomata: present.  Conidia: [cur] – sigmoidal | [cur] – curved, unciform, falcate, sickle-shaped; [co] length [µm]: (low) 20.0 (high) 50.0.  Secondary metabolites: present, gyrophoric acid | hiascic acid.  Primary photobiont: present, chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid.  Secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent.