Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts) thallus: crustose (crustaceous) – episubstratal – unspecified | squamulose (squamulous) thallus: continuous, diffuse, effuse [th] upper surface: yellow(ish) (if dull: buff) [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) upper surface: verrucose, warted ascomata: absent | present ascoma: apothecial, apothecioid – hymenial ascoma: sessile, superficial asci: lecanoralean [asc] tholus: thickened [asc] tholus amyloidity (iodine reaction): present [asc] tholus amyloidity pattern: entirely amyloid (= Catillaria-, Teloschistes-types etc) ascospores: (median) 8.0 [asp] shape: ellipsoidal [asp] length [µm]: (low) 9.0 (high) 13.0 [asp] width [µm]: (low) 4.0 (high) 7.0 [asp] septa: absent – spore lumen unilocular, monolocular [asp] pigmentation: hyaline, colourless [asp] perispore, epispore: not apparent secondary metabolites: present secondary metabolites: parietin primary photobiont: present secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent primary photobiont: chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid.

substrate: soil, clay, humus, turf, detritus, dead leaves | bryophytes – mosses, liverworts.