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Family: Physciaceae
[Rinodina castaneomela (Nyl.) Arnold] |
MB#404253 Basionym. Lecanora castanomela Nyl., Flora 69: 99 (1886). Exsiccatae. Arnold Lich. Exs. [Jurae] 1226 (BM, MIN). Description. Thallus thick, ochraceous to brown, consisting of scattered, convex verrucae growing into areoles to 1.2-1.6 mm wide, plane, becoming subumbilicate with free or upturned, lobate margins, lobes sometimes dissected and erect in centre; surface plane, shining or white pruinose; margin determinate; prothallus lacking; vegetative propagules absent. Apothecia usually single on areoles, innate, becoming broadly attached, scattered, to 0.70-0.85 mm in diam.; disc black or pruinose, plane becoming convex, sometimes fissured; margin concolourous with thallus, ca. 0.10 mm wide, entire, persistent or becoming excluded; excipular ring absent. Apothecial Anatomy. Thalline exciple 85-200 µm wide laterally at maturity; cortex 10-20 µm wide; epinecral layer 20-30 µm deep (to 70 µm deep on thallus); crystals absent in cortex and medulla; cortical cells pigmented or not, to 4.5-8.0 µm wide; algal cells to 11.0-26.5 µm long; proper exciple hyaline, 10-15 µm wide laterally, expanding to 15-40 µm at periphery; hypothecium hyaline or yellowish, inspersed, 50-110 (-180) µm deep, extending as a stipe into the medulla when mature; hymenium 70-110 µm high, not inspersed; paraphyses 2.0-3.5 µm wide, not conglutinate, with apices to 5.5-6.0 µm wide, forming a brown epihymenium; asci 55-75 x 20-22 µm. Ascospores 8/ascus, Type A development, Bicincta‑type, (15.0-)17.0-18.5(-20.5) x (8.0-)9.5-10.5(-12.0) µm, average l/b ratio 1.7-1.9, walls dilated at septum when immature but not more so in KOH, constricted at septum when overmature; lumina becoming rounded, pigmented bands around cells often poorly developed; torus absent; walls not ornamented. Pycnidia conidia bacilliform, 4.0-5.0 x ca. 1.0 µm (Mayrhofer & Poelt 1979); Chemistry. Spot tests all negative; secondary substances zeorin. Substrate and Ecology. Limestone, carbonate rich shales and sandstones, sometimes associated with intermittent water seepage, 800-2 745 m. Found once on Artemisia (Shushan 5244, COLO) and once on moss (Ryan 12947, ASU). Rinodina castanomela has been found associated with R. zwackhiana, a species also known from southern Europe. Distribution. Rinodina castanomela has a Colorado Plateau centre of distribution. It is widespread in the northern hemisphere occurring in the eastern Pyrenees (Giralt 2001), southern Europe, the Alps and China (Mayrhofer 1984a). The species has been incorrectly recorded from Greenland by Hansen (1984). That material belongs to R. calcigena. Notes. Rinodina castanomela is characterized by its well developed, brownish, subumbilicate thallus when fully developed and by its Bicincta-type spores. Some of the observed variation in thallus morphology may be due to inundation which seems to induce the formation of erect and dissected lobes, at least in the central part of thalli. North American material apparently differs from European specimens in lacking oil droplets in the hymenium although the hypothecium is inspersed. A related arctic species is R. endophragmia which has a lobate rather than a subumbilicate thallus. Specimens examined. U.S.A. ARIZONA. Coconino Co., 18 km N Jacob Lake, T.H. Nash 21267; Grand Canyon Nat. Park, M. Boykin 2673; S Kaibab Trail, T.H. Nash 30764 (all ASU). COLORADO. Boulder Co., 1.5 mi S Red Hill, R.A. Anderson 3750; Boulder, R.A. Anderson 20196, 30093; Rabbit Mountain, R.A. Anderson 20396; Grand Co., Grand Lake, R.A. Anderson 3280, 3285; Jefferson Co., Eldorado Springs, W.A. Weber 36367 (all COLO); Mt. Vernon Canyon, 1977, R.A. Anderson (GZU); J.W. Sheard 4699a (SASK); Larimer Co., Fort Collins, R.A. Anderson 20328; S. Shushan 20127A; W.A. Weber 28876 (all COLO); Mesa Co., 3 mi S Fruita, S. Shushan 5244 (SASK), 5286 (UPS); Fruita, S. Shushan 4926 (COLO, SASK); 5244; Montezuma Co., Park Point, W.A. Weber 2408 (both COLO); San Juan Co., Mesa Verde, T.H. Nash 17816 (ASU); Summit Co., Dillon Reservoir, 1977, R.A. Anderson (GZU); Keystone, J.W. Sheard 4685, 4687 (SASK); Yuma Co., 6 mi E Wray, S. Shushan 32945 (COLO). MONTANA. Jefferson Co., Jefferson Canyon, B. McCune 13580 (personal herb.). NEVADA. Pershing Co., 5 mi NNW Lovelock, B.D. Ryan 12947; Washoe Co., E side Pyramid Lake, B.D. Ryan 22098. NEW MEXICO. San Juan Co., J. Marsh 354 (all ASU); 1974, D. Rankert (COLO); Chaco Canyon Nat. Park, T.H. Nash 16135, 16200 (ASU). OREGON. Lake Co., Lake Albert, C. Davidson 2476. SOUTH DAKOTA. Pennington Co., Badlands Nat. Park, S. Will‑Wolf 2680 (both WIS). UTAH. Emery Co., San Rafael River, S. Flowers 897; Uinta Co., Dinosaur Nat. Mon., R.A. Anderson 29406; Washington Co., 8 mi E St. George, S. Shushan 14612 (all COLO). WYOMING. Fremont Co., Warm Spring Creek, B. McCune 27175 (personal herb.). Selected References. Mayrhofer & Poelt (1979), Mayrhofer (1984a), Giralt (2001), Sheard (2004 Fig. 63). Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2. Thallus: crustose, thick, consisting of scattered, convex verrucae at first, later growing into areoles up to 1.2-1.6 mm wide, plane, becoming subumbilicate with free or upturned, lobate margins, lobes sometimes dissected and erect in center surface: ochraceous to brown, shiny or white pruinose; margin: determinate; prothallus: lacking; vegetative propagules: absent Apothecia: scattered, usually single on areoles, innate, becoming adnate, up to 0.7-0.85 mm in diam. disc: black or pruinose, plane becoming convex and sometimes fissured thalline margin: concolorous with thallus, c. 0.1 mm wide, entire and persistent or becoming excluded; excipular ring: absent thalline exciple: 85-200 µm wide laterally when apothecia not innate; cortex: 10-20 µm wide; epinecral layer: 20-30 µm thick (to 70 µm thick on thallus); cortical cells: up to 4.5-8 µm wide, pigmented or not; algal cells: up to 11-26.5 µm in diam. proper exciple: hyaline, 10-15 µm wide laterally, expanding to 15-40 µm at periphery hymenium: 70-110 µm tall; paraphyses: 2-3.5 µm wide, not conglutinate, with apices up to 5.5-6 µm wide, forming a brown epihymenium; hypothecium: hyaline or pale yellow, inspersed, 50110(-180) µm thick, extending as a stipe into the medulla when mature asci: clavate, 55-75 x 20-22 µm, 8-spored ascospores: brown, 1-septate, broadly ellipsoid, type A development, Bicincta-type, (15-)17-18.5(-20.5) x (8-)9.510.5(-12) µm, walls dilated at septum when immature but not more so in K, waisted at septum when overmature; lumina becoming rounded at maturity, pigmented bands around cells often poorly developed; torus: absent; walls: not ornamented (Fig. 63) Pycnidia: not seen Spot tests: all negative Secondary substances: zeorin. Substrate and ecology: on limestone, carbonate rich shales and sandstones, sometimes associated with intermittent water seepage World distribution: southern Europe, particularly the Alps, China and North America (Colorado Plateau center of distribution) Sonoran distribution: Coconino Co., Arizona, at elevations of 15002200 m. Notes: Rinodina castanomela is characterized by its well developed, pale brown, subumbilicate thallus when fully developed (unique in the Sonoran region), and by its Bicincta-type spores. North American material apparently differs from European specimens in lacking oil droplets in the hymenium, although the hypothecium is inspersed. |