Global occurrence: Oceania – Australasia | Eurasia – Europe | Americas – North America (incl Mexico) | Arctic | Antarctic – Southern Subpolar Islands, Subantarctic Islands.  Substrate: rock – siliceous, siliciferous, acidic | rock, stones, pebbles – unspecified.  Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts).  Thallus: crustose (crustaceous) – episubstratal – unspecified; cracked, fissured, fractured, rimose; [th] upper surface: grey(ish) | brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon) | red(dish) brown (if pale: orange brown); [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: absent; [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, squamules): contiguous, coherent (throughout the thallus); [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) upper surface: smooth, plane.  Ascomata: absent | present; ascoma: apothecial, apothecioid – hymenial; ascoma [mm]: (low) 0.8 (high) 1.6; ascoma: sessile, superficial; [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: plane, flat, flattened, expanded | subconvex, slightly convex; [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: black(ish); [ascm, if apoth] margin surface; [if perith] periostiolar area, ostiole, involucrellum: black(ish); [ascm, if apoth] margin excipular photobionts: absent; [ascm, if apoth] subhymenial layers, hypothecium; [if perith] basal excipulum: brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon) | black(ish) brown; [ascm] paraphyses/-oids: present; [ascm] epihymenium, epithecium: grey(ish) | green(ish) | brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon).  Asci: lecanoralean; [asc] tholus: thickened; [asc] tholus amyloidity (iodine reaction): present; [asc] tholus amyloidity pattern: with amyloid cap (= Icmadophila-, Lecidea-, Pertusaria-types etc).  Ascospores: (median) 8.0; [asp] shape: broadly ellipsoidal | ellipsoidal; [asp] length [µm]: (low) 30.0 (high) 42.0; [asp] width [µm]: (low) 14.0 (high) 18.0; [asp] septa: present; [asp] septa: transversely septate | muriformly septate – muriform, submuriform; [asp] transversal septa: (median) 2.0; [asp] pigmentation: medium brown, brownish | dark brown; [asp] perispore, epispore: thick, distincly halonate.  Secondary metabolites: absent.  Primary photobiont: present, chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid.  Secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent.