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Rhizocarpon lavatum Hazsl.  
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Family: Rhizocarpaceae
[Buellia lavata (Ach.) Mong., moreLecidea lavata Ach., Lecidea lavata f. ferrata Nyl., Lecidea lavata f. lavata Ach., Rhizocarpon obscuratum f. lavatum (Fr.) Th. Fr., Rhizocarpon petraeum var. lavatum (Ach. ex Fr.) Körb.]
Rhizocarpon lavatum image
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Botanische Staatssammlung Munchen

Global occurrence: Oceania – Australasia | Eurasia – Europe | Americas – North America (incl Mexico) | Arctic | Antarctic – Southern Subpolar Islands, Subantarctic Islands.  Substrate: rock – siliceous, siliciferous, acidic | rock, stones, pebbles – unspecified.  Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts).  Thallus: crustose (crustaceous) – episubstratal – unspecified; cracked, fissured, fractured, rimose; [th] upper surface: grey(ish) | brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon) | red(dish) brown (if pale: orange brown); [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: absent; [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, squamules): contiguous, coherent (throughout the thallus); [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) upper surface: smooth, plane.  Ascomata: absent | present; ascoma: apothecial, apothecioid – hymenial; ascoma [mm]: (low) 0.8 (high) 1.6; ascoma: sessile, superficial; [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: plane, flat, flattened, expanded | subconvex, slightly convex; [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: black(ish); [ascm, if apoth] margin surface; [if perith] periostiolar area, ostiole, involucrellum: black(ish); [ascm, if apoth] margin excipular photobionts: absent; [ascm, if apoth] subhymenial layers, hypothecium; [if perith] basal excipulum: brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon) | black(ish) brown; [ascm] paraphyses/-oids: present; [ascm] epihymenium, epithecium: grey(ish) | green(ish) | brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon).  Asci: lecanoralean; [asc] tholus: thickened; [asc] tholus amyloidity (iodine reaction): present; [asc] tholus amyloidity pattern: with amyloid cap (= Icmadophila-, Lecidea-, Pertusaria-types etc).  Ascospores: (median) 8.0; [asp] shape: broadly ellipsoidal | ellipsoidal; [asp] length [µm]: (low) 30.0 (high) 42.0; [asp] width [µm]: (low) 14.0 (high) 18.0; [asp] septa: present; [asp] septa: transversely septate | muriformly septate – muriform, submuriform; [asp] transversal septa: (median) 2.0; [asp] pigmentation: medium brown, brownish | dark brown; [asp] perispore, epispore: thick, distincly halonate.  Secondary metabolites: absent.  Primary photobiont: present, chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid.  Secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent.

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This project made possible by National Science Foundation Awards: #1115116