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North American Lichen Herbaria
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Cladonia
Family: Cladoniaceae
Cladonia image
Stephen Sharnoff  
  • Greater Sonoran Desert
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Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2002. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 1.
Life habit: lichenized Thallus: composed of primary (basal, horizontal) and secondary (erect) parts cortex: dense, composed of ± vertically-oriented hyphae medulla: usually 2-layered; the outer layer: white, composed of ± loose hyphae, containing algal glomerules; the inner layer: hyaline or white, cartilaginous, with conglutinate hyphae surrounding the central canal Primary thallus: composed of basal squamules, closely adpressed to the substrate, or ascending to erect, rounded to elongate, entire or variously indented, sorediate or esorediate, sometimes persistent, occasionally dominant upper surface: corticated lower surface: composed of ecorticate layer of hyphae, hyphae roughly parallel-oriented, radiating in a flabelliform pattern from the basal portio, which is generally attached to the substrate Secondary thallus: consisting of hollow to rarely solid podetia, growing from upper surface or margins of primary thallus, blunt, pointed, or cup-forming, simple or branched; branch axils: closed or perforate; perforations: occasionally enlarging (forming funnel-like structures often called "open cups") and deforming surface: variably corticate to ecorticate, generally composed of some combination of continuous cortex, cortical granules, verruculae, soredia, and squamules photobiont: primary one a Trebouxia, secondary photobiont absent Ascomata: lecideine apothecia, borne at apices of podetia, on cup rims, at branch apices, or rarely sessile on basal squamules; discs: red, pale or dark brown, darkening with age and sometimes blackening asci: cylindrical to elongate-clavate; apex: Porpidia type, with strongly amyloid (I+ blue) apical dome, including very narrow weakly amyloid central zone surrounded by a tube-like, strongly amyloid zone; wall: nonamyloid except for outer layer; 8-spored ascospores: biseriate, ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid, simple to rarely one-septate, hyaline, oblong or ovoid, 6-16 (-24) x 2-6 micro meter Conidiomata: pycnidial, borne at apices of podetia, on cup rims, at branch apices, or on basal squamules, infrequently arising laterally on podetia, red, brown or carbonaceous to blue-black, cylindrical to urn-like (ampullaceous), short-stalked or sessile, often constricted at base; containing hyaline or red gelatin conidia: sickle-shaped, rarely straight, hyaline, 3-10 (-14) x 0.5-1 micro meter Secondary metabolites: depsides, depsidones, dibenzofurans and derivatives (incl. usnic acids), terpenoids, aliphatic acids, and quinone pigments Geography: arctic regions to Antarctica, tundra to tropical forests but widely absent from arid regions Substrate: on soil, especially acidic humus and sand, rotting wood, tree bases and trunks, mossy or bare rocks. Notes: It is characterized by punctiform pseudocyphellae on upper surface, perforate apothecia with large, ellipsoid spores, and bifusiform conidia.
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Species within checklist: Lichens of Alaska, USA || << 1 - 50 taxa >>
Cladonia aberrans
Image of Cladonia aberrans
Cladonia acuminata
Image of Cladonia acuminata
Cladonia alaskana
Image of Cladonia alaskana
Cladonia alpestris
Image of Cladonia alpestris
Cladonia amaurocraea
Image of Cladonia amaurocraea
Cladonia anomaea
Image of Cladonia anomaea
Cladonia arbuscula
Image of Cladonia arbuscula
Cladonia bacillaris
Image of Cladonia bacillaris
Cladonia bacilliformis
Image of Cladonia bacilliformis
Cladonia bellidiflora
Image of Cladonia bellidiflora
Cladonia botrytes
Image of Cladonia botrytes
Cladonia cariosa
Image of Cladonia cariosa
Cladonia carneola
Image of Cladonia carneola
Cladonia cenotea
Image of Cladonia cenotea
Cladonia chlorophaea
Image of Cladonia chlorophaea
Cladonia coccifera
Image of Cladonia coccifera
Cladonia coniocraea
Image of Cladonia coniocraea
Cladonia conista
Image of Cladonia conista
Cladonia cornuta
Image of Cladonia cornuta
Cladonia cornutoradiata
Image of Cladonia cornutoradiata
Cladonia crispata
Image of Cladonia crispata
Cladonia cryptochlorophaea
Image of Cladonia cryptochlorophaea
Cladonia cyanipes
Image of Cladonia cyanipes
Cladonia decorticata
Image of Cladonia decorticata
Cladonia deformis
Image of Cladonia deformis
Cladonia delessertii
Image of Cladonia delessertii
Cladonia digitata
Image of Cladonia digitata
Cladonia ecmocyna
Image of Cladonia ecmocyna
Cladonia elongata
Image of Cladonia elongata
Cladonia fimbriata
Image of Cladonia fimbriata
Cladonia glauca
Image of Cladonia glauca
Cladonia gracilescens
Image of Cladonia gracilescens
Cladonia granulans
Image of Cladonia granulans
Cladonia grayi
Image of Cladonia grayi
Cladonia kanewskii
Image of Cladonia kanewskii
Cladonia lepidota
Image of Cladonia lepidota
Cladonia macrophylla
Image of Cladonia macrophylla
Cladonia macrophyllodes
Image of Cladonia macrophyllodes
Cladonia major
Image of Cladonia major
Cladonia maxima
Image of Cladonia maxima
Cladonia merochlorophaea
Image of Cladonia merochlorophaea
Cladonia metacorallifera
Image of Cladonia metacorallifera
Cladonia mitis
Image of Cladonia mitis
Cladonia multiformis
Image of Cladonia multiformis
Cladonia nipponica
Image of Cladonia nipponica
Cladonia norrlinii
Image of Cladonia norrlinii
Cladonia phyllophora
Image of Cladonia phyllophora
Cladonia pleurota
Image of Cladonia pleurota
Cladonia pocillum
Image of Cladonia pocillum
Cladonia pseudoevansii
Image of Cladonia pseudoevansii

This project made possible by National Science Foundation Awards: #1115116, #2001500, #2001394