Global occurrence: Eurasia – Europe | Americas – North America (incl Mexico) | Arctic.  Substrate: bark, cork, plant surface – trunks, branches, twigs.  Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts).  Thallus: crustose (crustaceous) – endosubstratal, inconspicuous, immersed | crustose (crustaceous) – episubstratal – unspecified; thallus: continuous, diffuse, effuse | compartimentized – areolate, squamulate; [th] upper surface: brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon) | white(ish) green | grey(ish) brown; [th upper surface]: epruinose; [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: present; [th margin] cilia, cilioid structures: absent; [th upper surface] isidia, isidioid structures: absent; [th upper surface] soredia, soralia, soralioid structures: present; [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) width [mm]: (min) 0.2; [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) upper surface: smooth, plane.  Ascomata: absent | present; ascoma: apothecial, apothecioid – hymenial; ascoma [mm]: (median) 0.3 (max) 0.5; [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: plane, flat, flattened, expanded; [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: red(dish); [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: epruinose; [ascm, if apoth] subhymenial layers, hypothecium; [if perith] basal excipulum: hyaline, colourless; [ascm] paraphyses/-oids: present.  Asci: lecanoralean; [asc] tholus: thickened; [asc] tholus amyloidity (iodine reaction): present; [asc] tholus amyloidity pattern: entirely amyloid (= Catillaria-, Teloschistes-types etc).  Ascospores: (median) 8.0; [asp] septa: absent | present – spore lumen bilocular, polarilocular, plurilocular; [asp] pigmentation: hyaline, colourless; [asp] perispore, epispore: not apparent.  Secondary metabolites: present, roccellic acid | unknown/unidentified anthraquinone(s).  Primary photobiont: present, chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid.  Secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent.