Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2.

Apothecia: orbicular, immersed to sessile, 0.15-0.5 mm in diam. disc: black or dark brown, plane to convex margin: indistinct exciple: colorless to brown epihymenium: colorless or pale brown to brown, covered by a layer of colorless gel hymenium: colorless to pale brown, 20-65 µm tall paraphyses: scarcely branched and anastomosed, 1.5-3 µm wide; apical cells: distinctly thickened, up to 6 µm wide, with small, brown to dark brown pigmented caps hypothecium: hyaline to dark brown, with I- or I+ violet hyphae asci: broadly clavate, 35-55 x 14-20 µm, 8-spored ascospores: hyaline, simple, ellipsoid, mostly with aciculate ends, (11-)14-18.5(-24.5) x (5-)5.5-6.5(-7) Pycnidia: globular, immersed, c. 100 µm in diam. conidia: bacilliform, 5.5-6 x 0.5-1 µm. Hosts: on thallus of various genera of the lichen family Parmeliaceae: Cavernularia, Everniastrum, Hypogymnia, Hypotrachyna, Melanelia, Menegazzia, Neofuscelia, Parmelia, Parmelinopsis, Parmotrema, Platismatia, Pseudevernia, Punctelia, Xanthoparmelia World distribution: cosmopolitan Sonoran distribution: Arizona and Chihuahua.