Type: Ecuador, Galapagos Islands, Isabela, Volcán Alcedo, highest cinder cone along the trail going up the east slope, on bark of Bursera graveolens, 250 m alt., 10 March 2006, A. Aptroot 65029 (CDS 31611–holotype; ABL–isotype).
Etymology. From the Latin words “furcellatus” meaning forked, and “angulus” meaning angular because of its angular, forked branches.
Thallus shrubby, greenish grey to pale grey, decaying parts sometimes becoming red, up to 5 cm in diam. but usually much smaller (1–3 cm), relatively densely branched, without a distinct holdfast; branches initially upright, hanging down when older, in section irregularly angular, typically not flattened, sometimes markedly curved in the longitudinal direction and frequently with curved lobe tips (“shepherds’ crooks”), relatively slender (up to 2 mm wide), often with rounded, irregular, laminal warts that typically abrade into parallel, linear pseudocyphellae, rarely also with few punctiform tuberculate pseudocyphellae, or with pycnidial or apothecial warts; soredia absent; apothecia common, ca. 1–4 mm in diam., cupular, laminal, disk yellowish grey, branches often strongly bent at the apothecia (geniculate, apothecia thus appearing “two-stalked”); ascospores narrowly oblong, usually ± curved, 16–20 × 3–4 μm; pycnidia mostly marginal, hemispherical, 0.1–0.2 mm in diam., ostiole pale ochre; conidia rod-shaped, 4–5 × 0.5–0.7 μm; medulla K+ orange yellow, soon red, rarely K-, UV+white or UV- (divaricatic or salazinic and/or sekikaic acid); cortex with usnic acid, often also with atranorin.
This species is mostly corticolous, rarely also saxicolous and grows throughout the coastal and arid zone, where it is often abundant.
Selected specimens examined. Ecuador: Galápagos: Isabela Island, Volcán Alcedo, highest cinder cone along the trail going up the E-slope, 0˚ 23’ 37” S, 91˚ 1’ 31” W, alt. 250 m, arid lowlands; basalt outcrops, at the bottom scattered Bursera graveolens trees and shrubs of Castela galapageia, on bark, Bursera, 10 iii 2006, A. Aptroot 65029 (CDS no. 31611); Pinta Island, along the trail up to the summit from the S-coast, 0˚ 33’ 29” N, 90˚ 44’ 37” W, alt. 108 m, arid zone; open shrubland with Corton scouleri, Waltheria ovata, Opuntia galapageia, and few Bursera graveolens among flat Pahoehoe lava, on bark, branch of Bursera graveolens; SE-exposed; sunny, wind- and rain-exposed, 28 ii 2007, F. Bungartz 5997 (CDS no. 33675); Pinzón Island, along the trail going up from Playa Escondida (PIZ 4), 0˚ 36’ 10” S, 90˚ 40’ 1” W, alt. 254 m, arid zone with Prosopis juliflora, Alternanthera filifolia, Maytenus octogona, and Croton scouleri, on bark, twigs, 16/02/2006, Aptroot, A. 64128 (CDS no. 30690); Plaza Sur Island, 0˚ 34’ 59” S, 90˚ 9’ 54” W, alt. 1 m, coastal zone; eastern part with scattered and low vegetation of Sesuvium portulacastrum & Tiquilia galapagoa with occasional Opuntia, on rock (basalt lava), 21 ii 2006, A. Aptroot 64456 (CDS no. 31025); San Cristóbal Island, crest of Cerro Tortuga, ca. 4 km inland from the NW-coast, 0˚ 44’ 54” S, 89˚ 23’ 32” W, alt. 116 m, arid zone; open Piscidia carthagenensis woodland with few Bursera graveolens and dense understory of Croton scouleri, Cordia lutea, and Mentzelia aspera on rocky SE-exposed slope of hill, on bark, twigs of Cordia lutea; sunny, wind- and rain-exposed, 25 iv 2007, F. Bungartz 6531 (CDS no. 34749); near Rosa Blanca, inland from the SE-coast of the island, 0˚ 49’ 13” S, 89˚ 21’ 38” W, alt. 16 m, arid zone; open Bursera graveolens woodland with Scutia spicata in the understory on top of lava flow, on bark, twigs of Bursera graveolens; sunny, wind- and rain-exposed, 23 iv 2007, F. Bungartz 6415 (CDS no. 34630); S of Punta Pit at the NE-coast of the island, 0˚ 43’ 27” S, 89˚ 15’ 6” W, alt. 113 m, coastal zone; on top a crater rim, open shrubland with Cordia lutea and abundant Mentzelia aspera as ground cover, on bark, twigs of dead shrub; sunny, wind- and rain-exposed, 20 iv 2007, F. Bungartz 6115 (CDS no. 33794); Santa Cruz Island, along shore E of Puerto Ayora near CDRS, 0˚ 44’ 45” S, 90˚ 17’ 39” W, alt. 20 m, coastal zone, on rock, coastal lava, 29 v 2005, A. Aptroot 63276 C (CDS no. 30014); Santa Cruz Island, along the S coast of Santa Cruz, ca. 1 km to the east of the CDRS, 0˚ 44’ 45” S, 90˚ 17’ 39” W, alt. 13 m, bare coastal lava cliffs, SW-exposed, Cryptocarpus pyriformis and Jasminocereus thouarsii occasionally in between, on bark, twigs of Cryptocarpus pyriformis; sunny, wind- and rain-exposed, 10 ii 2006, F. Bungartz 3429 (CDS no. 27135); Santiago Island, ca. 5 km inland from the E-coast, ± at the same latitude as Bahía Sullivan, 0˚ 16’ 35” S, 90˚ 37’ 23” W, alt. 172 m, arid zone; plateau of lava flows and boulders with scarce vegetation (Bursera graveolens, Castela galapageia, Mentzelia aspera), on bark, twigs of Castela galapageia; sunny, wind- and rain-exposed, 18 vii 2006, F. Bungartz 5239 (CDS no. 29454).
from: Aptroot, A. & Bungartz, F. (2007) The lichen genus Ramalina on the Galapagos. The Lichenologist39(6): 519-542.