Global occurrence: Eurasia – Europe | Americas – North America (incl Mexico) | Arctic. Substrate: rock – siliceous, siliciferous, acidic. Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts). Thallus: crustose (crustaceous) – episubstratal – unspecified; [th] upper surface: brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon); [th upper surface]: pruinose; [th upper surface] pruina: scarce, sparse, fine | dense; [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: absent; [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) width [mm]: (low) 0.4 (high) 2.5; [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) upper surface: subsquamulose. Ascomata: absent | present; ascoma: apothecial, apothecioid – hymenial; ascoma [mm]: (median) 1.2; [ascm] paraphyses/-oids: present; [ascm] paraphyses/-oid cells width [µm]: (low) 1.5 (high) 2.0 (max) 2.5; [ascm] paraphyses/-oid apical cells width [µm]: (median) 5.0 (max) 6.0. Asci: lecanoralean; [asc] tholus: thickened; [asc] tholus amyloidity (iodine reaction): absent; [asp] length [µm]: (low) 3.0 (high) 6.0; [asp] width [µm]: (low) 1.5 (high) 2.0; [asp] septa: absent – spore lumen unilocular, monolocular; [asp] pigmentation: hyaline, colourless; [asp] perispore, epispore: not apparent. Primary photobiont: present; chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid. Secondary photobiont (eg in cephalodia): absent.