Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2007. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 3.
Thallus: thinly granular areolate, discontinuous to continuous, becoming subgelatinous when wetted areoles: convex to granular, 0.05-0.15 mm wide, dispersed to crowded in scattered patches or coalescing to form an almost continuous but uneven crust surface: brown to brown-black, dull, rough anatomy: paraplectenchymatous throughout but not differentiated into layers; mycobiont cells: 4-6 µm in diam., algal cells: 6-10 µm Perithecia: prominent, hemispherical; exciple: subglobose or somewhat depressed, brown, 0.15-0.25 mm wide; involucrellum: hemispherical, appressed to the exciple, extending down to exciple-base level, 30-45 µm thick; periphyses 15-20 µm long, simple asci: clavate, 50-60 x 15-20 µm, 8-spored ascospores: hyaline, simple, ellipsoid, 13-16 x 5-7 µm Pycnidia: unknown Spot tests: all negative Secondary metabolites: none detected. Substrate and ecology: epilithic, on both calcareous and siliceous rocks World distribution: Europe and North America Sonoran distribution: southern California and Baja California. Notes: Verrucaria menmnonia is superficially similar to V. fusca, from which it differs mainly in smaller spores. Verrucaria inornata has larger spores and colorless exciples.