Consortium of Lichen Herbaria
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Lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental US & Canada (Version 23)
Taxa explicitly excluded: Erroneous reports of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi from North America (version #23)
Citation: This version (Version #23, 19 September 2019) of the checklist is being simultaneously published online by North Dakota State University, and in Opuscula Philolichenum 18: 102-378.
Locality: Continental United States of America and Canada
Abstract:
Version 23 of the checklist of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi occurring in North America north of Mexico is presented. It includes a total of 5,618 species in 766 genera, with an additional 44 subspecies, 45 varieties, and 3 forms. The total species number includes 631 lichenicolous fungi, 107 saprophytic fungi related to lichens or to lichenicolous fungi, and another 63 species of varying and/or uncertain biological status.
Please click here to download the Reference List as a PDF.
Notes: The original checklist and its previous versions is available online at this website of North Dakota State University.
Families: 174
Genera: 768
Species: 5621
Total Taxa: 5661
[Caloplaca impolita Arup]
[Caloplaca inconspecta Arup]
[Caloplaca ludificans Arup]
[Blastenia luteominia (Tuck.) Hasse, Caloplaca laeta H. Magn., Caloplaca luteominia (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Lecidea luteominia (Tuck.) Hue]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Placodium luteominium
[Caloplaca bolanderi (Tuck.) H. Magn., Caloplaca ferruginea f. bolanderi (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Caloplaca luteominia var. bolanderi (Tuck.) Arup, Placodium ferrugineum f. bolanderi Tuck.]
[Caloplaca nashii Nav.-Ros., Gaya & Hladún]
[Blastenia phlogina (Ach.) B. de Lesd., Callopisma phloginum (Ach.) Arnold, Caloplaca citrina f. phlogina (Ach.) D. Hawksw., Caloplaca phlogina (Ach.) Flagey, Caloplaca phlogina f. phlogina (Ach.) Flagey, Lecanora phlogina (Ach.) Nyl., Lecidea phlogina (Ach.) Hue, Parmelia citrina var. phlogina Ach., Placodium phloginum (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Scythioria phlogina (Ach.) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell & Hur, Xanthoria phlogina (Ach.) Arnold]
[Xanthoria pollinarioides L. Lindblom & D. M. Wright]
[Lecanora candelaria var. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Ach., Lichen polycarpus (Hoffm.) Ehrh., Lobaria polycarpa Hoffm., Massjukiella polycarpa (Hoffm.) S.Y. Kondr., Fedorenko, S. Stenroos, Kärnefelt, Elix, Hur & A. Thell, Physcia parietina var. polycarpa (Hoffm.) A. Massal., Physcia parietina var. ramulosa Tuck., Physcia polycarpa (Hoffm.) Linds., Physcia polycarpa f. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Linds., Physcia polycarpa var. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Linds., Psoroma polycarpum (Hoffm.) Gray, Squamaria candelaria var. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Hook., Teloschistes polycarpus (Ehrh.) Tuck., Teloschistes ramulosus Tuck., Xanthoria alaskana J.W. Thomson, Xanthoria lychnea var. polycarpa (Ehrh.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria polycarpa (Hoffm.) Rieber, Xanthoria polycarpa f. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Rieber, Xanthoria polycarpa var. maritima I.M. Lamb, Xanthoria polycarpa var. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Rieber, Xanthoria ramulosa (Tuck.) Herre]
[Caloplaca rosei Hasse]
[Caloplaca stellata Wetmore & Kaerneflt, Massjukiella stellata (Wetmore & Kärnefelt) S.Y. Kondr.]
[Xanthoria tenax L. Lindblom]
[Xanthoria tenuiloba L. Lindblom]
[Caloplaca verruculifera (Vain.) Zahlbr., Gasparrinia verruculifera (Vain.) Dombr., Placodium verruculiferum Vain., Verrucoplaca verruculifera (Vain.) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell, Jung Kim, M.H. Jeong, N.N. Yu, A.S. Kondr. & Hur]
[Collema muscicola (Sw.) Ach., Cornicularia muscicola (Sw.) DC., Garovaglia muscicola (Sw.) Trevis., Homodium muscicola (Sw.) Nyl., Leptogium muscicola (Sw.) Fr., Lichen muscicola Sw., Parmelia muscicola (Sw.) Ach., Patellaria muscicola (Sw.) Wallr., Polychidium muscicolum (Sw.) Gray]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner et al. (2002)
[Dothidea hymeniicola Berk. & Broome, Endococcus hymeniicola (Berk. & Broome) D. Hawksw.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Spribille et al. (2010), Zhurbenko & Dillman (2010)
[Didymosphaeria kerneri (Stein) Vouaux]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner et al. (2002)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Alstrup (2004)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Pino-Bodas (2017)
[Didymosphaeria microstictica (Leight.) G. Winter, Didymosphaeria microstictica var. microstictica (Leight.) G. Winter, Endocarpon microsticticum Arnold, Microthelia microstictica (Leight.) Kuntze, Verrucaria microstictica Leight.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Endococcus opulentus Th. Fr. & Almq.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner et al. (2002)
[Didymosphaeria peltigerae Fuckel, Microthelia peltigerae (Fuckel) Kuntze]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Alstrup (2004)
[Polycoccum galligenum Vězda, Tichothecium pulvinatum Eitner]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Didymosphaeria sporastatiae (Anzi) G. Winter, Didymosphaeria sporastatiae f. incongruae (Arnaud) Sacc., Didymosphaeria sporastatiae f. sporastatiae (Anzi) G. Winter, Endococcus sporastatiae (Anzi) H. Olivier, Microthelia sporastatiae (Anzi) Kuntze, Mycoporum sporastatiae (Anzi) Jatta, Polycoccum sporastatiae f. sporastatiae (Anzi) Arnold, Tichothecium sporastatiae Anzi]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Didymosphaeria squamarioides (Mudd) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Sphaeria squamarioides Mudd, Tichothecium squamarioides (Mudd) G. Winter]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Diatrype trypethelioides Th. Fr.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Endococcus vermicularis (Linds.) D. Hawksw., Endococcus vermicularius (Linds.) D. Hawksw., Karschia vermicularis (Linds.) Rehm & Arnold, Lecidea vermicularia Linds., Tichothecium vermiculariae (Linds.) Jacz.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Esslinger & Egan (1995)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Spribille et al. (2010)
[Arthopyrenia albida Müll.Arg.]
[Arthopyrenia albocinerea (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Pseudopyrenula pentameria, Verrucaria albocinerea Kremp.]
[Arthopyrenia catapasta (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Arthopyrenia tumida Müll.Arg., Verrucaria catapasta Nyl.]
[Arthopyrenia atroalba Vain., Arthopyrenia contendens (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Verrucaria contendens Nyl.]
[Amphoroblastia quinqueseptata (Hepp) Servít, Arthopyrenia quinqueseptata (Nyl.) Fink, Polyblastia quinqueseptata (Hepp) Zschacke, Pyrenula quinqueseptata (Nyl.) Tuck., Spermatodium quinqueseptatum (Nyl.) Trevis., Thelidium quinqueseptatum (Nyl.) Arnold, Thelotrema quinqueseptatum Hepp, Verrucaria quinqueseptata Nyl.]
[Arthopyrenia subimitans Müll.Arg., Porina subcinerea (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Pseudopyrenula follmannii C.W. Dodge, Pyrenula subcinerea (Nyl.) Tuck., Verrucaria subcinerea Nyl.]
[Acarospora arenacea H. Magn.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2008a)
[Acarospora cyclocarpa (Anzi) Jatta, Biatorella cyclocarpa (Anzi) Lindau, Lecanora cyclocarpa (Anzi) J. Steiner, Lithographa cyclocarpa Anzi, Sarcogyne cyclocarpa (Anzi) J. Steiner]
source: Knudsen et al. (2011b)
[Acarospora gyrocarpa (H. Magn.) K. Knudsen & M. Westb., Sarcogyne gyrocarpa H. Magn.]
source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2009c)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2008a)
[Acarospora cervina var. privigna (Ach.) Mudd, Acarospora cervina var. simplex (Taylor) Mudd, Acarospora privigna (Ach.) Gotth. Schneid., Acarospora simplex (Taylor) Jatta nom. illegit., Acarospora simplex var. decipiens (A. Massal.) Jatta, Biatora privigna (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Biatorella privigna (Ach.) Sandst., Biatorella privigna f. privigna (Ach.) Sandst., Biatorella privigna var. privigna (Ach.) Sandst., Biatorella pruinosa var. decipiens Th. Fr. nom. illegit., Biatorella revertens (Tuck.) Herre, Biatorella simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostr., Biatorella simplex f. complicata (Cromb.) Sandst., Biatorella simplex f. goniophila (Flörke) Zahlbr., Biatorella simplex f. incrassata (Arnold) Zahlbr., Biatorella simplex f. simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostr., Biatorella simplex var. angusta (H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Biatorella simplex var. calcifraga (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Biatorella simplex var. chlorocinella (Wedd.) H. Olivier, Biatorella simplex var. crustosa (H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Biatorella simplex var. herpes Norman, Biatorella simplex var. hymenogonia (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr., Biatorella simplex var. incrassata (Arnold) Zahlbr., Biatorella simplex var. major (H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Biatorella simplex var. simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostr., Biatorella simplex var. strepsodina (Ach.) H. Olivier, Lecanora privigna (Ach.) Nyl., Lecanora privigna var. privigna (Ach.) Nyl., Lecanora privigna var. revertens Tuck. [synonymy unresolved], Lecanora simplex (Taylor) Nyl., Lecanora simplex f. complicata Cromb., Lecanora simplex f. simplex (Davies) Nyl., Lecidea privigna Ach., Lecidea simplex Taylor, Lecidea simplex var. calcifraga Müll.Arg., Lecidea simplex var. chlorocinella Wedd., Lecidea simplex var. simplex (Davies) Taylor, Polysporina simplex f. simplex (Davies) Vezda, Polysporina simplex var. crustosa (H. Magn.) N.S. Golubk., Polysporina simplex var. simplex (Davies) Vezda, Psora privigna (Ach.) Flot., Rinodina privigna (Ach.) Gray, Sarcogyne privigna (Ach.) A. Massal., Sarcogyne privigna f. privigna (Ach.) A. Massal., Sarcogyne simplex (Davies) Nyl., Sarcogyne simplex f. complicata (Cromb.) H. Magn., Sarcogyne simplex f. goniophila Flörke, Sarcogyne simplex f. incrassata Arnold, Sarcogyne simplex f. lignicola B. de Lesd. ex Meyl., Sarcogyne simplex f. simplex (Davies) Nyl., Sarcogyne simplex subsp. incrassata (Arnold) H. Magn., Sarcogyne simplex subsp. simplex (Davies) Nyl., Sarcogyne simplex var. angusta H. Magn., Sarcogyne simplex var. crustosa H. Magn., Sarcogyne simplex var. hymenogonia (Zahlbr.) H. Magn., Sarcogyne simplex var. major H. Magn., Sarcogyne simplex var. simplex (Davies) Nyl.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: L. privigna var. revertens
[Acarospora subfuscescens (Nyl.) H. Magn., Acarospora subfuscescens var. subfuscescens (Nyl.) H. Magn., Biatorella subfuscescens (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Lecanora subfuscescens Nyl., Sarcogyne subfuscescens (Nyl.) Boistel]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: S. lapponica aut. N.A., source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2008a)
[Porina nucula var. heterospora Fink ex J. Hedrick]
[Arthopyrenia linearis (Leight.) Mudd, Porina chlorotica var. linearis (Leight.) A.L. Sm., Porina chlorotica var. persicina (Körb.) A.L. Sm., Porina persicina (Körb.) Zahlbr., Pseudosagedia linearis (Leighton) Hafellner, Sagedia linearis (Leight.) Arnold, Sagedia persicina Körb., Sagedia persicina var. persicina Körb., Sagedia persicina var. plumbea Bagl., Spermatodium lineare (Leight.) Trevis., Trichothelium lineare (Leighton) R. C. Harris, Verrucaria linearis Leight.]
source: Nash (2002)
source: Fryday (2010)
[Porina endochrysa Mont., Porina mastoidea var. rudis Müll.Arg., Porina nucula var. endochrysa (Mont.) Zahlbr., Porina pallida Müll.Arg., Porina rudis (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Porophora nucula (Ach.) Spreng., Segestria nucula (Ach.) Hellb., Sphaeromphale nucula (Ach.) Trevis., Verrucaria endochrysa (Mont.) Nyl.]
[Clathroporina confinis Müll.Arg., Clathroporina nuculastrum Müll.Arg., Polyblastiopsis floridana Fink ex J. Hedrick, Verrucaria nuculastrum (Müll.Arg.) Stizenb.]
source: Brodo (2004)
source: Aptroot (2002e)
source: McCarthy & Tønsberg (1998)
source: Harris (1995a)
[Collema furfurellum Nyl., Collemopsis furfurella (Nyl.) Nyl., Collemopsis lecanopsoides (Nyl.) Cromb., Porocyphus areolatus Flot. ex Körb., Porocyphus areolatus var. areolatus (Flot.) Körb., Porocyphus areolatus var. marginatus (Maheu & Werner) Zahlbr., Porocyphus furfurellus (Nyl.) Forssell, Psorotichia coccodes (Flot. ex Körb.) Arnold, Psorotichia furfurella (Nyl.) Boistel, Psorotichia lecanopsoides (Nyl.) Boistel, Pyrenopsis lecanopsoides Nyl., Pyrenopsis lecanopsoides var. lecanopsoides Nyl., Pyrenopsis lecanopsoides var. marginata Maheu & Werner]
[Lichiniza kenmorensis H.B. Holl ex Nyl., Pterygium kenmorense (H.B. Holl ex Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Synalissa kenmorensis F.C. Holl ex Nyl.]
[Huilia albocaerulescens var. albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel, Huilia albocaerulescens var. polycarpiza (Vain.) Hertel, Lecidea albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Ach., Lecidea albocaerulescens f. albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Ach., Lecidea albocaerulescens f. albuginosa (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecidea albocaerulescens f. lividoatra (Vain.) Vain., Lecidea albocaerulescens f. phacenterodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecidea albocaerulescens f. phaeenterodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecidea albocaerulescens f. prolificans Vain., Lecidea albocaerulescens var. albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Ach., Lecidea albocaerulescens var. alpina Schaer., Lecidea albocaerulescens var. soralifera Vain., Lecidea albocaerulescens var. soredizodes (Anzi) Zahlbr., Lecidea albocaerulescens var. subacrustacea Desm., Lecidea albocaerulescens var. vulgaris Schaer., Lecidea hebescens Nyl., Lecidea pruinosa Ach. 1803,]
source: Rambold (1989)
[Haplocarpon cinereoatrum (Ach.) M. Choisy, Haplocarpon musivum (Körb.) Vězda, Haplocarpon musivum var. musivum (Körb.) Vězda, Haplocarpon musivum var. subsquamescens Vězda, Huilia cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel, Huilia musiva (Körb.) Vězda, Huilia musiva var. musiva (Körb.) Vězda, Huilia musiva var. subsquamescens (Vězda) Vězda, Lecidea cinereoatra Ach., Lecidea cinereoatra f. cinereoatra Ach., Lecidea cinereoatra f. extenuata (Vain.) A. Zahlbr., Lecidea cinereoatra f. placodina J. Steiner, Lecidea cinereoatra f. subinnata (Vain.) Vain., Lecidea cinereoatra var. cinereoatra Ach., Lecidea musiva Körb., Porpidia musiva (Körb.) Hertel & Knoph]
[Lecidea contraponenda Arnold, Porpidia diversa (Lowe) Gowan]
[Biatora crustulata (Ach.) Hepp, Haplocarpon crustulatum (Ach.) M. Choisy, Haplocarpon meiosporum (Nyl.) M. Choisy, Huilia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel, Lecidea crustulata (Ach.) Spreng., Lecidea crustulata f. athallina O. Behr, Lecidea crustulata f. convexella (Vain.) Vain., Lecidea crustulata f. crustulata (Ach.) Spreng., Lecidea crustulata f. fuscella Mudd, Lecidea crustulata f. itatiaiae Redinger, Lecidea crustulata f. minutissima (Vain.) Vain., Lecidea crustulata f. subminutissima (Vain.) Vain., Lecidea crustulata subsp. crustulata (Ach.) Spreng., Lecidea crustulata var. crustulata (Ach.) Spreng., Lecidea crustulata var. meiospora (Ach.) Flagey, Lecidea crustulata var. soredizodes Lamy ex Nyl., Lecidea crustulata var. viologranulata Walt. Watson, Lecidea macrocarpa subsp. crustulata (Ach.) Vain., Lecidea punctata var. crustulata (Ach.) Schaer., Lecidea scutellata Walt. Watson]
[Biatora flavocoerulescens (Hornem.) Hepp, Haplocarpon contiguum var. flavicundum (Ach.) M. Choisy, Haplocarpon flavocaerulescens (Hornem.) V. Wirth ex Hertel, Huilia flavicunda (Ach.) Mas. Inoue, Lecidea albocaerulescens f. oxydata Schaer., Lecidea albocaerulescens var. flavocoerulescens (Hornem.) Schaer., Lecidea contigua var. flavicunda (Ach.) Nyl., Lecidea flavicunda Ach., Lecidea flavocoerulescens Hornem., Lecidea flavocoerulescens f. flavocoerulescens Hornem., Lecidea flavocoerulescens f. oxydata (Fr.) Szatala, Lecidea macrocarpa f. flavicunda (Ach.) Zahlbr., Lecidea steriza f. flavicunda (Ach.) Szatala, Porpidia flavocoerulescens (Hornem.) Hertel & A.J. Schwab]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Lecidea albocaerulescens var. flavocaerulescens, source: Fryday (2005)
source: Fryday (2005)
[Biatora contigua (Hoffm.) Nägeli, Haplocarpon contiguum (Hoffm.) M. Choisy, Haplocarpon contiguum f. contiguum (Hoffm.) M. Choisy, Haplocarpon contiguum f. oxydatum (Grognot) M. Choisy, Haplocarpon contiguum var. contiguum (Hoffm.) M. Choisy, Huilia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel, Huilia macrocarpa var. macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel, Lecidea contigua (Hoffm.) Fr., Lecidea contigua f. calcarea Fr., Lecidea contigua f. contigua (Hoffm.) Fr., Lecidea contigua var. contigua (Hoffm.) Fr., Lecidea contigua var. notabilis Nyl., Lecidea contigua var. platycarpa (Ach.) Fr., Lecidea macrocarpa (DC.) Steud., Lecidea macrocarpa f. macrocarpa (DC.) Steud., Lecidea macrocarpa f. oxydata (Körb.) Vain., Lecidea macrocarpa subsp. macrocarpa (DC.) Steud., Lecidea macrocarpa var. macrocarpa (DC.) Steud., Lecidea macrocarpa var. steriza (Ach.) Vain., Lecidea phylliscina Nyl., Lecidea platycarpa Ach., Lecidea platycarpa f. obscura Britzelm., Lecidea platycarpa f. oxydata Körb., Lecidea platycarpa f. platycarpa Ach., Lecidea platycarpa f. trullisata Arnold, Lecidea platycarpa var. microcarpa Hepp, Lecidea platycarpa var. platycarpa Ach., Lecidea soredifera Lowe, Lecidea steriza (Ach.) Vain., Lecidea steriza f. contigua (Hoffm.) Vain., Lecidea steriza f. macrocarpa (DC.) Vain., Lecidea steriza f. oxydata (Körb.) Vain., Lecidea steriza f. steriza (Ach.) Vain., Lecidea steriza var. steriza (Ach.) Vain., Lichen contiguus (Hoffm.) Sm., Patellaria contigua (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Porpidia macrocarpa f. macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A.J. Schwab, Porpidia macrocarpa var. macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A.J. Schwab, Porpidia macrocarpa var. striata Fryday, Verrucaria contigua Hoffm.]
[Aspicilia melinodes Körb., Haplocarpon melinodes (Körb.) V. Wirth, Huilia melinodes (Körb.) Hertel, Lecanora melinodes (Körb.) Zahlbr., Lecidea melinodes (Körb.) H. Magn. ex Lynge]
[Aspicilia ochrolemma (Vain.) Hue, Hymenelia ochrolemma (Vain.) Gowan & Ahti, Lecanora ochrolemma (Vain.) Vain., Pertusaria ochrolemma Vain.]
[Haplocarpon percontigua (Nyl.) Hertel, Haplocarpon platycarpoides (Bagl.) Hertel, Huilia percontigua (Nyl.) Mas. Inoue, Huilia platycarpoides (Bagl.) Hertel, Lecidea contigua var. percontigua (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Lecidea corallidea Stirt., Lecidea corollidea Stirt., Lecidea nitescens Leight., Lecidea percontigua Nyl., Lecidea platycarpoides Bagl.]
[Huilia glaucophaea (Körb.) Hertel, Lecidea glaucophaea Körb.]
source: Fryday (2005)
[Haplocarpon soredizodes (Lamy) V. Wirth, Huilia soredizodes (Lamy) Hertel, Lecidea meiospora var. soredizodes Lamy, Lecidea soredizodes (Lamy) Lindau, Lecidea soredizodes f. albuginosa (Nyl.) Vain., Lecidea soredizodes f. arachnoidea Erichsen, Lecidea soredizodes f. phacenterodes (Nyl.) Vain., Lecidea soredizodes f. phaeenterodes (Nyl.) Vain., Lecidea soredizodes f. soredizodes (Lamy) Lindau, Lecidea soredizodes var. epruinosa Erichsen, Lecidea soredizodes var. ochracea Lynge, Lecidea soredizodes var. soredizodes (Lamy) Lindau]
source: Fryday et al. (2007)
[Huilia speirea (Ach.) Kremp., Lecidea cinerascens A.L. Sm., Lecidea contigua f. alpina Hepp ex Arnold, Lecidea speirea (Ach.) Ach., Lecidea speirea f. alpina (Hepp ex Arnold) Arnold, Lecidea speirea f. concentrica Szatala, Lecidea speirea f. meiosporoides Norrl., Lecidea speirea f. speirea (Ach.) Ach., Lecidea speirea f. trullisata (Kremp.) Stein, Lecidea speirea subsp. alpina (Hepp ex Arnold) Arnold, Lecidea speirea subsp. speirea (Ach.) Ach., Lecidea speirea subsp. subconfluens Th. Fr., Lecidea speirea var. alpina (Hepp ex Arnold) Hertel, Lecidea speirea var. calcarea Ach., Lecidea speirea var. prochsthallina (A. Massal.) Hertel, Lecidea speirea var. speirea (Ach.) Ach., Lecidea speirea var. trullisata (Kremp.) Arnold, Lecidea subumbonata Nyl., Lecidea subumbonella Lamy, Lichen speireus Ach., Patellaria speirea (Ach.) Duby]
[Lecidea subsimplex H. Magn., Porpidia tahawasiana Gowan]
source: Coppins & Fryday (2006b)
[Huilia superba (Körb.) Hertel]
[Haplocarpon tumidum (A. Massal.) M. Choisy, Huilia tuberculosa (Sm.) P. James, Lecidea sorediza Nyl., Lecidea sorediza f. renudata (Vain.) Vain., Lecidea sorediza f. sorediza Nyl., Lecidea sorediza var. oxydata H. Magn., Lecidea sorediza var. sorediza Nyl., Lecidea tumida A. Massal., Lecidea tumida f. glaucocaesia I.M. Lamb, Lecidea tumida f. sorediza (Nyl.) I.M. Lamb, Lecidea tumida f. tumida A. Massal., Spiloma tuberculosum Sm.]
[Lecidea macrocarpa var. trullisata (Arnold) Mig., Lecidea zeoroides Anzi]
[Acremonium pedatum Lowen, Mem. N. Y. bot. Gdn 49: 248 (1989), Nectria anisophila Picado, Nectriella anisospora Lowen, Trichonectria anisospora (Lowen) van den Boom & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko et al. (2005)
[Nectriella erythrinella (Nyl.) Fuckel ex Höhn. & Weese, Sphaeria erythrinella Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Xenonectriella fissuriprodiens (Etayo) Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Spribille et al. (2010)
[Pronectria oligospora subsp. oligospora Lowen & Rogerson, Pronectria oligospora var. oligospora Lowen & Rogerson]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Nectria peltigerae W. Phillips & Plowr., Nectria robergei Mont. & Desm.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Alstrup & Cole (1998)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Alstrup (2004)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko et al. (2005)
[Blastenia rupestris var. calva (Dicks.) Lettau, Callopisma rupestre var. calvum (Dicks.) Walt. Watson, Caloplaca calva (Dicks.) Kieffer, Lecanora calva (Dicks.) Nyl., Lecidea calva (Dicks.) Nyl., Lecidea calva f. alpina (Arnold) Lettau, Lecidea calva f. calva (Dicks.) Nyl., Lichen calvus Dicks., Placodium rupestre var. calvum (Dicks.) A.L. Sm., Protoblastenia calva f. calva (Dicks.) Zahlbr., Protoblastenia calva var. calva (Dicks.) Zahlbr., Protoblastenia rupestris var. calva (Dicks.) J. Steiner]
[Biatora cyclospora Hepp ex Körb., Biatora rubidula (Nyl.) Walt. Watson, Biatorella rubidula (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecidea cyclospora (Hepp ex Körb.) Müll. Arg., Lecidea globulificans Nyl., Lecidea rubidula Nyl., Protoblastenia globulificans (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
source: Dillman et al. 2012
[Biatora incrustans (DC.) A. Massal., Callopisma rupestre f. incrustans (DC.) Walt. Watson, Caloplaca incrustans (DC.) Flagey, Caloplaca incrustans f. incrustans (DC.) Flagey, Caloplaca incrustans f. nicaeensis B. de Lesd., Caloplaca incrustans f. soredlosa B. de Lesd., Caloplaca incrustans var. incrustans (DC.) Flagey, Caloplaca incrustans var. urbana B. de Lesd., Lecanora incrustans (DC.) Ach., Lecanora irrubata f. incrustans (DC.) Cromb., Lecanora rupestris f. incrustans (DC.) Leight., Lecidea incrustans (DC.) Chevall., Lecidea rupestris var. incrustans (DC.) Schaer., Patellaria incrustans DC., Placodium citrinum f. incrustans (DC.) Räsänen, Placodium incrustans (DC.) A.L. Sm., Placodium rupestre f. incrustans (DC.) A.L. Sm., Protoblastenia rupestris var. incrustans (DC.) Zahlbr.]
[Biatora irrubata (Ach.) Kernst., Biatora rupestris (Scop.) Fr., Biatora rupestris f. lutescens Vain. ex Hav., Biatora rupestris f. rupestris (Scop.) Fr., Biatora rupestris var. alpina Arnold, Biatora rupestris var. incrustans DC., Biatora rupestris var. rupestris (Scop.) Fr., Biatora rupestris var. sanguinea Arnold, Biatora rupestris var. terricola Anzi, Biatora viridiflavescens (Wulfen) Fr., Biatorina irrubata (Ach.) Arnold, Callopisma rupestre (Scop.) Walt. Watson, Callopisma rupestre f. rupestre (Scop.) Walt. Watson, Callopisma rupestre var. rupestre (Scop.) Walt. Watson, Caloplaca irrubata (Ach.) Kieffer, Caloplaca rupestris (Scop.) Puget, Lecanora irrubata (Ach.) Nyl., Lecanora irrubata f. irrubata (Ach.) Nyl., Lecanora irrubata subsp. irrubata (Ach.) Nyl., Lecanora rupestris (Scop.) Nyl., Lecanora rupestris f. rupestris (Scop.) Nyl., Lecidea irrubata (Ach.) Lam., Lecidea rupestris (Scop.) Ach., Lecidea rupestris f. alpina (Arnold) Vain., Lecidea rupestris f. calva Dicks., Lecidea rupestris f. lutescens (Vain.) Vain., Lecidea rupestris f. rupestris (Scop.) Ach., Lecidea rupestris subsp. rupestris (Scop.) Ach., Lecidea rupestris subsp. terricola (Anzi) Th. Fr., Lecidea rupestris var. irrubata (Ach.) Ach., Lecidea rupestris var. rupestris (Scop.) Ach., Lecidea rupestris var. viridiflavescens (Wulfen) J. Steiner, Lecidea sabuletorum var. rupestris (Scop.) Schaer., Lecidea viridiflavescens (Wulfen) Ach., Lichen irrubatus Ach., Lichen rupestris Scop., Lichen viridiflavescens Wulfen, Patellaria irrubata (Ach.) duby, Patellaria rupestris (Scop.) DC., Placodium rupestre (Scop.) Branth & Rostr., Placodium rupestre f. rupestre (Scop.) Branth & Rostr., Placodium rupestre var. rupestre (Scop.) Branth & Rostr., Protoblastenia irrubata (Ach.) Zahlbr., Protoblastenia rupestris var. irrubata (Ach.) Szatala]
[Lecidea alpestris var. brachyspora I.M. Lamb, Lecidea limosa Ach., Lecidea limosa f. albocincta (Vain.) Vain., Lecidea limosa f. bilocularis Vain., Lecidea limosa f. limosa Ach., Lecidea limosa subsp. alpestris (Sommerf.) Vain., Lecidea limosa subsp. limosa Ach., Lecidea limosa var. albocincta Vain., Lecidea limosa var. limosa Ach., Lecidella limosa (Ach.) Arnold]
[Collema brunneum (Sw.) Mérat, Lecanora pezizoides (Baumg.) Borrer, Lecidea coronata (Hoffm.) Taylor, Lepidoma brunneum (Sw.) Bagl., Lichen brunneus Sw., Lichen coronatus (Hoffm.) Ach., Lichen pezizoides Weber, Pannaria brunnea (Sw.) A. Massal., Pannaria brunnea var. brunnea (Sw.) A. Massal., Pannaria brunnea var. convexa Hav., Pannaria brunnea var. pulverulenta C. Knight, Pannaria pezizoides (Weber) Trevisan, Pannaria pezizoides f. coronata (Ach.) Trevis., Pannaria pezizoides f. pezizoides (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Trevis., Pannaria pezizoides f. pseudonebulosa Gyeln., Pannaria pezizoides f. saxicolens Gyeln., Pannaria pezizoides var. pezizoides (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Trevis., Pannaria pezizoides var. pulverulenta (C. Knight) Zahlbr., Parmelia brunnea (Sw.) Ach., Parmelia pezizoides (Baumg.) Mart., Protoparmelia pezizoides (Weber) Etayo & Nav.-Ros., Psora brunnea (Sw.) Hoffm., Psora coronata (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Psoroma brunneum (Sw.) Gray, Trachyderma brunneum (Sw.) Norman, Verrucaria coronata Hoffm.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Pannaria brunnea, source: Jørgensen (2000c)
[Lecanora atriseda (Fr.) Nyl., Lecanora atriseda var. atriseda (Fr.) Nyl., Lecanora atriseda var. cinerescens Harm., Parmelia badia var. atriseda Fr.]
[Lecanora badia (Hoffm.) Ach., Lecanora badia f. badia (Pers.) Ach., Lecanora badia f. pallescens Harm., Lecanora badia f. rosacea Lynge, Lecanora badia subsp. badia (Hoffm.) Ach., Lecanora badia subsp. picea, Lecanora badia var. badia (Pers.) Ach., Lecanora badia var. biatorina Kremp., Lecanora badia var. cinerascens Flot., Lecanora badia var. cinereobadia Harm., Lecanora badia var. crassa Hellb., Lecanora badia var. cupreobadia (Nyl.) Boistel, Lecanora badia var. fuscobrunnea Nyl., Lecanora badia var. major (Schaer.) Rabenh., Lecanora badia var. picea (Dicks.) Link, Lecanora badia var. spermogonians Räsänen, Lecanora grandis H. Magn., Lecanora picea (Dicks.) Nyl., Lichen badius (Hoffm.) Ach., Lichen piceus Dicks., Parmelia badia (Hoffm.) Hepp, Parmelia badia var. badia (Hoffm.) Hepp, Parmelia badia var. major Schaer., Patellaria badia (Hoffm.) DC., Rinodina badia (Hoffm.) Gray, Solenopsora badia (Hoffm.) M. Choisy & Werner, Solenopsora badia f. badia (Hoffm.) M. Choisy & Werner, Solenopsora badia f. pallescens (Harm.) M. Choisy & Werner, Solenopsora badia var. badia (Hoffm.) M. Choisy & Werner, Solenopsora badia var. cinerascens (Flot.) M. Choisy, Verrucaria badia Hoffm.]
[Maronina capitata (Lendemer) Divakar, Crespo & Lumbsch, Neoprotoparmelia capitata (Lendemer) Garima Singh, Lumbsch & I. Schmitt]
source: Lendemer & Lumbsch (2008)
source: Brodo & Aptroot (2005)
[Maronina isidiata (Diederich, Aptroot & Sérus.) Divakar, A. Crespo & Lumbsch, Neoprotoparmelia isidiata (Diederich, Aptroot & Sérus.) Garima Singh, Lumbsch & I. Schmitt]
source: Lendemer & Lumbsch (2008)
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22), source: Singh et al. 2015,McCune (2017)
source: McCune (2017)
[Lecanora nephaea Sommerf., Lecanora nephaea var. isidiosa Sandst., Lecanora nephaea var. nephaea Sommerf., Parmelia nephaea (Sommerf.) Fr.]
[Lecanora ochrococca (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Lecidea ochrococca Nyl.]
[Lecanora bipruinosa Fink]
source: Kondratyuk et al. (2012)
[Lecanora crustacea (Savicz) Zahlbr.]
source: Kondratyuk et al. (2012)
[Lecanora dispersoareolata (Schaer.) Lamy, Lecanora muralis var. dispersoareolata Schaer., Parmelia muralis var. dispersoareolata Schaer., Placodium dispersoareolatum (Schaer.) Körb., Placolecanora dispersoareolata (Schaer.) Kopach., Squamaria dispersoareolata (Schaer.) Anzi]
source: Kondratyuk et al. (2012)
[Lecanora garovaglii (Körb.) Zahlbr., Lecanora garovaglii f. garovaglii (Körb.) Zahlbr., Lecanora garovaglii subsp. cascadensis (H. Magn.) B.D. Ryan & T.H. Nash, Lecanora garovaglii subsp. garovaglii (Körb.) Zahlbr., Lecanora nevadensis H. Magn.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: L. muralis var. garovaglii, source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora geiserae B.D. Ryan]
source: Kondratyuk et al. (2012)
[Lecanora gyrophorica Lendemer]
source: Kondratyuk et al. (2013)
[Lecanora kofae B.D. Ryan & T.H. Nash]
[Lecanora laatokkaënsis (Räsänen) Poelt, Protoparmeliopsis laatokkensis (Räsänen) Moberg & R. Sant.]
[Lecanora mazatzalensis B.D. Ryan & T.H. Nash]
source: Kondratyuk et al. (2013)
[Gasparrinia saxicola (Pollich) Tornab., Lecanora diffracta Ach., Lecanora muralis (Schreber) Rabenh., Lecanora muralis f. muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh., Lecanora muralis subsp. dubyi (Müll. Arg.) Poelt, Lecanora muralis subsp. muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh., Lecanora muralis subsp. versicolor (Pers.) Cl. Roux, Lecanora muralis var. albomarginata (Nyl. ex Th. Fr.) Tomin, Lecanora muralis var. areolata (Leight.) J. Steiner, Lecanora muralis var. muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh., Lecanora muralis var. versicolor (Pers.) Tuck., Lecanora versicolor (Pers.) Ach., Placodium murorum var. pusillum (Trevis.) Malbr.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: L. muralis var. diffracta, L. muralis var. saxicola, source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora peltata (Ramond) Steudel, Lecanora peltata var. laevior (Nyl.) Stizenb., Lecanora peltata var. peltata (Ramond) Steud., Rhizoplaca peltata (Ramond) Leuckert & Poelt, Rhizoplaca peltata var. peltata (Ramond) Leuckert & Poelt]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora pinguis Tuck.]
source: Kondratyuk et al. (2013)
[Acrorixis corrosa (Körb.) Trevis., Limboria corrosa Körb., Microglaena breadalbanensis Wheldon & A. Wilson, Microglaena corrosa (Körb.) Arnold, Microglaena corrosa var. carnea B. de Lesd., Microglaena corrosa var. corrosa (Körb.) Arnold, Polyblastia corrosa (Körb.) Arnold, Thelenella corrosa (Körb.) Vain.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Thelenella humilis
[Metasphaeria croceae (Bagl. & Carestia) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Pleospora croceae (Bagl. & Carestia) Vouaux, Polyblastia croceae (Bagl. & Carestia) H. Olivier, Xenosphaeria croceae Bagl. & Carestia]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Spribille et al. (2010)
[Dactyloblastus leucothelius (Nyl.) Anzi, Microglaena leucothelia (Nyl.) Arnold, Verrucaria leucothelia Nyl.]
source: Goward et al. (1996)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Microglaena sphinctrinoidella (Nyl.) Arnold, Verrucaria pernigrata Nyl., Verrucaria sphinctrinoidella Nyl.]
source: Mayrhofer (1987)
[Chromatochlamys sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) Trevis., Gloeopyrenia gelatinosa (Zahlbr.) Zschacke, Microglaena gelatinosa Zahlbr., Microglaena sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) Lönnr., Microglaena sphinctrinoides subsp. sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) Lönnr., Polyblastia sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) Jatta, Thelenella sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) Vain., Verrucaria sphinctrinoides Nyl., Weitenwebera sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) Körb.]
[Unguiculariopsis nephromatis Zhurb. & Zavarzin]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Huhtinen et al. (2008)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Huhtinen et al. (2008)
[Alectoria lanata var. minuscula (Arnold) Nyl., Alectoria minuscula (Nyl. ex Arnold) Degel., Alectoria minuscula f. applanata (Lynge) I.M. Lamb, Alectoria minuscula f. biformis (Vain.) I.M. Lamb, Alectoria minuscula f. congesta (Zahlbr.) I.M. Lamb, Alectoria minuscula f. crustacea (Lynge) Degel., Alectoria minuscula f. minuscula (Nyl. ex Arnold) Degel., Cornicularia lanata var. minuscula (Arnold) Hue, Imbricaria lanata var. minuscula Arnold, Parmelia minuscula (Arnold) Nyl., Parmelia minuscula f. aperta Lynge, Parmelia minuscula f. applanata Lynge, Parmelia minuscula f. crustacea Lynge, Parmelia minuscula f. luxurians Lynge, Parmelia minuscula f. minuscula (Arnold) Nyl., Parmelia minuscula f. minutissima Räsänen, Parmelia minuscula subsp. minuscula (Arnold) Nyl., Parmelia minuscula var. minuscula (Arnold) Nyl.]
[Alectoria chalybeiformis f. intricans Vain., Alectoria intricans (Vain.) Motyka, Alectoria pacifica Stizenb., Alectoria pubescens (L.) R. Howe, Alectoria pubescens f. pubescens (L.) R. Howe, Alectoria pubescens f. subciliata (Nyl.) D. Hawksw., Alectoria pubescens var. pubescens (L.) R. Howe, Alectoria pubescens var. reticulata (Wulfen) A.E. Wade, Bryopogon intricans (Vain.) Bystrek, Bryopogon jubatus f. intricans (Vain.) Gyeln., Bryopogon lanatus var. reticulatus (Wulfen) M. Sat, Bryopogon pubescens (L.) M. Choisy, Cetraria pubescens (L.) F. Desp., Collema pubescens (Ach.) Schaer., Ephebe pubescens (Ach.) Fr., Ephebe pubescens var. pubescens (Ach.) Fr., Lichen pubescens L., Lichen scaber Huds., Parmelia lanata var. parmelioides Cromb., Parmelia lanata var. reticulata (Wulfen) Cromb., Parmelia lanata var. subciliata Nyl., Parmelia pubescens (L.) Vain., Parmelia pubescens f. biformis Vain., Parmelia pubescens f. pubescens Pers., Parmelia pubescens f. subciliata (Nyl.) Hillmann, Parmelia pubescens var. congesta Zahlbr., Parmelia pubescens var. pubescens Pers., Parmelia pubescens var. reticulata (Wulfen) A.L. Sm., Pseudephebe pubescens f. subciliata (Nyl.) D. Hawksw.]
Not confirmed; original Esslinger list suggests that Parmelia lanata is a synonym, but Boluda (2016) cites only "Parmelia lanata f. minuscula" as synonym of Ps. minuscula, not Ps. pubescens.
[Evernia furfuracea var. cladonia Tuck., Parmelia cladonia (Tuck.) Du Rietz]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Evernia furfuracea var. cladonia
[Parmelia consocians Vain.]
[Evernia furfuracea var. intensa (Nyl.) B. de Lesd., Evernia intensa Nyl., Parmelia intensa Nyl.]
[Pseudocyphellaria crocata f. citrina (Pers.) H. Magn., Sticta crocata f. citrina (Pers.) Zahlbr.]
source: Lücking et al. (2017a)
source: Lücking et al. (2017a)
[Cyanisticta epiflavoides Gyeln.]
source: Lücking et al. (2017a)
[Pseudocyphellaria perpetua McCune & Miądl.]
source: Moncada et al. (2014)
source: Lücking et al. (2017a)
[Sticta crocata var. mallota Tuck.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Sticta crocata var. mallota, source: Tønsberg (1999b)
source: Lücking et al. (2017a)
[Parmelia cubensis Nyl., Parmelia leucochlora Tuck.]
source: Elix & Nash (1997)
source: Elix & Nash (1997)
[Parmelia endoxantha G. Merr., Parmelia flavidoglauca Vain., Parmelia uleana Müll. Arg.]
source: Elix & Nash (1997)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2013)
[Arthopyrenia diluta (Fée) Harm., Pseudopyrenula albonitens Müll.Arg., Pseudopyrenula atroalba Vain., Pseudopyrenula diluta var. diluta (Fée) Müll.Arg., Pseudopyrenula erumpens Müll.Arg., Pseudopyrenula oahuensis H. Magn., Pseudopyrenula sitiana Vain., Pyrenula diluta (Fée) Tuck., Verrucaria diluta Fée]
[Arthopyrenia minutissima Vain., Pseudopyrenula araucariae Vain., Pseudopyrenula confluens G. Merr., Pseudopyrenula elliptica Müll.Arg., Pseudopyrenula flavicans Müll.Arg., Pseudopyrenula limitata Szatala, Pseudopyrenula subnudata Müll.Arg., Pyrenula hagmannii Redinger]
source: Harris (1998)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Arthopyrenia minutissima Vain., Pseudopyrenula araucariae Vain., Pseudopyrenula confluens G. Merr., Pseudopyrenula diluta var. degenerans Vain., Pseudopyrenula elliptica Müll.Arg., Pseudopyrenula flavicans Müll.Arg., Pseudopyrenula limitata Szatala, Pyrenula hagmannii Redinger]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Arthopyrenia carpinea (Pers.) Müll.Arg., Porina aenea (Wallr.) Zahlbr., Porina carpinea (Pers. ex Ach.) Zahlbr., Porina carpinea f. carpinea (Pers.) Zahlbr., Porina carpinea f. fusca B. de Lesd., Porina carpinea f. subathallina (Ohlert) Lettau, Porina chlorotica var. carpinea (Pers.) Keissl., Pyrenula aenea (Wallr.) Rabenh., Pyrenula carpinea (Pers.) Trevis., Sagedia aenea (Wallr.) Körb., Sagedia carpinea (Pers.) A. Massal., Sagedia codonoidea (Leight.) Arnold, Segestria carpinea (Pers.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Spermatodium aeneum (Wallr.) Trevis., Spermatodium carpineum (Pers.) Trevis., Spermatodium codonoideum (Leight.) Trevis., Trichothelium aeneum (Wallr.) R.C. Harris, Verrucaria aenea Wallr., Verrucaria carpinea Pers., Verrucaria carpinea f. carpinea Pers., Verrucaria carpinea f. subathallina Ohlert, Verrucaria chlorotica var. codonoidea (Leight.) Leight., Verrucaria codonoidea Leight.]
[Porina cestrensis (Tuck. ex Michener) Müll.Arg., Porina cestrensis var. cestrensis (Tuck.) Müll. Arg., Sagedia cestrensis Tuck., Trichothelium cestrense (Michener) R.C. Harris, Verrucaria cestrensis Tuck. ex E. Michener]
[Arthopyrenia chlorotica (Ach.) H. Olivier, Bacidia luteola f. chlorotica Zahlbr., Lithoicea chlorotica Stein, Porina chlorotica (Ach.) Müll. Arg., Porina chlorotica f. chlorotica (Ach.) Müll. Arg., Porina chlorotica f. tenuifera (Nyl.) Swinscow, Porina chlorotica var. chlorotica (Ach.) Müll. Arg., Porina tenuifera (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Porinula chlorotica (Ach.) Flagey, Pyrenula chlorotica (Ach.) Trevis., Sagedia chlorotica (Ach.) A. Massal., Sagedia macularis var. chlorotica (Ach.) Körb., Sagedia persicina var. chlorotica (Ach.) Jatta, Sagedia tenuifera (Nyl.) Arnold, Segestrella chlorotica (Ach.) Branth & Rostr., Segestria chlorotica (Ach.) Hellb., Segestria macularis var. chlorotica (Ach.) Zwackh, Spermatodium maculare var. chloroticum (Ach.) Trevis., Trichothelium chloroticum (Ach.) R.C. Harris, Verrucaria chlorotica Ach., Verrucaria chlorotica subsp. chlorotica Ach., Verrucaria chlorotica var. chlorotica Ach., Verrucaria margacea var. chlorotica (Ach.) Rabenh., Verrucaria tenuifera Nyl.]
[Amphoridium koerberi (Hepp) A. Massal., Porina grandis var. lucens Taylor, Porina guentheri (Flot.) Zahlbr., Porina guentheri var. guentheri (Flot.) Zahlbr., Porina guentheri var. lucens (Taylor) Swinscow, Porina koerberi (Flot.) Lettau, Sagedia koerberi (Flot.) Körb., Sagedia koerberi f. koerberi (Flot.) Körb., Segestria koerberi (Flot.) Hellb., Spermatodium koerberi (Flot.) Trevis., Spermatodium koerberi var. guentheri (Flot.) Trevis., Trichothelium guentheri (Flotow) R.C. Harris, Verrucaria guentheri Flot., Verrucaria koerberi Hepp]
[Trichothelium isidiatum R.C. Harris]
[Phylloporina nitidula (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Phylloporina nitidula f. nitidula (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Phylloporina nitidula f. validior Zahlbr., Porina nitidula Müll.Arg., Trichothelium nitidulum (Müll. Arg.) R.C. Harris]
[Porina rhaphidosperma Müll.Arg., Trichothelium rhaphidospermum (Müll. Arg.) R.C. Harris]
[Porina thaxteri R. Sant., Trichothelium thaxteri (R. Sant.) R.C. Harris]
[Graphis herpetica (Ach.) Spreng., Hysterina herpetica (Ach.) Gray, Lichen herpeticus Ach., Opegrapha contexta Stirt., Opegrapha herpetica (Ach.) Ach., Opegrapha herpetica f. arthonoidea (Schaer.) Schaer., Opegrapha herpetica f. elegans Borrer, Opegrapha herpetica f. herpetica (Ach.) Ach., Opegrapha herpetica f. olivacea Makar., Opegrapha herpetica f. rubella Flot., Opegrapha herpetica f. subocellata Ach., Opegrapha herpetica var. disparata Ach., Opegrapha herpetica var. herpetica (Ach.) Ach., Opegrapha rimalis var. fuscata Turner ex Ach., Opegrapha rufescens Pers., Opegrapha rufescens f. fuscata (Turner ex Ach.) J. Nowak, Opegrapha rufescens f. herpetica (Ach.) J. Nowak, Opegrapha rufescens f. rubella (Flot.) Grummann, Opegrapha rufescens f. subocellata (Ach.) Schaer., Opegrapha rufescens var. arthonioidea Schaer., Opegrapha rufescens var. fuscata Schaer., Opegrapha rufescens var. subocellata (Ach.) Schaer., Opegrapha siderella Ach., Opegrapha vulgata var. siderella (Ach.) Nyl.]
[Cyphelium occidentale Herre, Thelomma occidentale (Herre) Tibell]
[Acolium ocellatum Körb., Cyphelium ocellatum (Körb.) Trevis., Thelomma ocellatum (Körb.) Tibell, Trachylia ocellata (Körb.) Flot.]
[Biatora clavulifera (Nyl.) Arnold, Lecidea adirondackii H. Magn., Lecidea clavulifera Nyl., Lecidea clavulifera f. clavulifera Nyl., Lecidea clavulifera f. subviridicans Nyl., Micarea clavulifera (Nyl.) Coppins & P. James]
[Biatora lucida (Ach.) Fr., Biatora lucida var. lucida (Ach.) Fr., Biatora lucida var. theiotea (Ach.) Räsänen, Lecidea lucida Ach., Lecidea lucida f. lucida (Ach.) Ach., Lecidea lucida f. theiotea (Ach.) Zahlbr., Lecidea lucida var. lucida (Ach.) Ach., Lecidea lucida var. theiotea Ach., Lichen lucidus Ach., Patellaria lucida (Ach.) Spreng., Patellaria theiotea (Ach.) Wallr., Patellaria theiotea var. lucida (Ach.) Wallr.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Biatora lucida
source: Timdal (2002a)
[Biatora crenata (Taylor) Tuck., Endocarpon crenatum Taylor, Lecidea coroniformis Kremp., Lecidea crenata (Taylor) Stizenb., Lecidea crenata var. coroniformis (Kremp.) Zahlbr., Lecidea crenata var. crenata (DC.) Steud., Lecidea crenata var. speirea (Taylor) Zahlbr., Phyllopsora coroniformis (Kremp.) Zahlbr., Psora elegans Müll.Arg.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Biatora crenata, Lecanora chonion
[Biatora decipiens (Hedw.) Fr., Lecidea decipiens Ach., Lecidea decipiens f. circumpruinata Servít, Lecidea decipiens f. decipiens (Hedw.) Ach., Lecidea decipiens f. endorubescens Servít, Lecidea decipiens var. albomarginata (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Lecidea decipiens var. decipiens (Hedw.) Ach., Lecidea decipiens var. galactina Zahlbr., Lecidea decipiens var. olympica Szatala ex Gyeln., Lepidoma decipiens (Hedw.) Gray, Lichen decipiens Hedw., Parmelia decipiens (Hedw.) Mart., Patellaria decipiens (Hedw.) Wallr., Peltiphylla decipiens (Hedw.) M. Choisy, Peltiphylla decipiens var. albomarginata (Müll. Arg.) M. Choisy, Peltiphylla decipiens var. decipiens (Hedw.) M. Choisy, Psora decipiens var. albomarginata Müll.Arg., Schaereria decipiens (Hedw.) Gyeln., Schaereria decipiens var. decipiens (Hedw.) Gyeln., Schaereria decipiens var. olympica (Szatala) Gyeln.]
source: Zhurbenko (2009a)
[Biatora globifera (Ach.) Ach., Lecidea globifera Ach., Patellaria globifera (Ach.) Spreng., Placodium globiferum (Ach.) Link]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Biatoraglobifera,Lecidea globifera
source: Timdal (2002a)
[Biatora icterica Mont., Lecidea icterica (Mont.) Taylor, Schaereria icterica (Mont.) Gyeln., Schaereria icterica f. argentina (Gyeln.) Gyeln., Schaereria icterica f. icterica (Mont.) Gyeln., Schaereria icterica var. argentina Gyeln., Schaereria icterica var. icterica (Mont.) Gyeln.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Biatora globifera, Lecidea icterica
[Lecidea luridella Tuck.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Biatora luridella, Lecidea luridella
[Lecidea nipponica Zahlbr., Lecidea novomexicana (B. de Lesd.) R.A. Anderson, Psora novomexicana B. de Lesd.]
source: Timdal (2002a)
[Baeomyces rubiformis Wahlenb. ex Ach., Biatora rubiformis (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Jatta, Cenomyce rubiformis (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Ach., Hypocenomyce rubiformis (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) M. Choisy, Lecidea rubiformis Wahlenb. s.l., Lepidoma rubiforme (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Gray, Lichen rubiformis (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Sm.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Biatora globifera var. rubiformis , Lecidea rubiformis
[Biatora russellii Tuck., Lecidea russellii Tuck.]
[Lecidea conglomerata Sommerf., Thalloidima conglomeratum (Ach.) A. Massal., Toninia conglomerata (Ach.) Boistel]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Leucocarpia dictyospora (Orange) R. Sant., Macentina dictyospora Orange]
source: Harada (2003)
[Leucocarpia stigonemoides (Orange) Hafellner & Kalb, Macentina stigonemoides Orange]
source: Björk et al. (2009)
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
[Amphiloma hypnorum (Vahl) Nägeli, Courtoisia hypnorum (Vahl) L. Marchand, Lecanora hypnorum (Vahl) Ach., Lecanora hypnorum f. hypnorum (Vahl) Ach., Lichen hypnorum Vahl, Pannaria hypnorum (Vahl) Körb., Pannaria hypnorum f. hypnorum (Vahl) Körb., Pannaria hypnorum var. hypnorum (Vahl) Körb., Parmelia hypnorum (Vahl) Ach., Patellaria hypnorum (Vahl) DC., Squamaria hypnorum (Vahl) Hook., Trachyderma hypnorum (Vahl) Norman, Zeora hypnorum (Vahl) Flot.]
[Lecanora paleacea (Fr.) Hook. & Taylor, Parmelia paleacea Fr., Psora paleaceum (Fr.) Nyl., Psoroma coralloideum Nyl., Psoroma hypnorum var. coralloideum Nyl., Psoroma hypnorum var. paleaceum (Fr.) Rostr.]
[Biatora schaereri (A. Massal.) Hepp, Collemopsis schaereri (A. Massal.) Cromb., Pannaria schaereri A. Massal., Pannaria schaereri var. arenaria Arnold, Pannaria schaereri var. schaereri A. Massal., Pyrenopsis schaereri (A. Massal.) Nyl., Synalissa schaereri (A. Massal.) Tuck., Trachyderma schaereri (A. Massal.) Trevis.]
source: Schultz (2007c)
source: Knudsen et al. (2017)
[Biatora rufonigra Tuck., Lecidea brouardii (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr., Lecidea rufonigra (Tuck.) Nyl., Psora rufonigra (Tuck.) A. Schneid.]
source: Schultz (2006)
source: Schultz (2006)
[Forssellia neglecta Erichsen]
source: McCune (1997b)
[Parmelia appalachensis Culb.]
[Parmelia bolliana Müll. Arg., Parmelia frondifera G. Merr.]
[Imbricaria borreri (Sm.) Körb., Lichen borreri Sm., Parmelia borreri (Sm.) Turner, Parmelia borreri f. borreri (Sm.) Turner, Parmelia borreri var. borreri (Sm.) Turner, Parmelia borreri var. pseudoborreri (Asahina) Targé & Lambinon, Parmelia pseudoborreri Asahina]
source: Lendemer & Hodkinson (2010)
source: Hodkinson & Lendemer (2011)
[Parmelia graminicola B. de Lesd., Parmelia semansiana W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.]
[Parmelia borreri subsp. hypoleucites (Nyl.) Nyl., Parmelia hypoleucites Nyl.]
[Parmelia borreri var. ulophylla (Ach.) Nyl., Parmelia borreri var. ulophylla Kremp., Parmelia caperata var. ulophylla Ach., Parmelia dubia f. ulophylla Sandst., Parmelia dubia var. ulophylla (Ach.) Harm., Parmelia subrudecta f. ulophylla (Sandst.) Rass., Parmelia ulophylla F. Wilson, Punctelia nashii Marcelli & Canêz, Punctelia ulophylla (Ach.) Herk & Aptroot, Sticta jeckeri Roum.]
source: Lendemer & Hodkinson (2010)
source: Adler (1997), van Herk & Aptroot (2000), Aptroot (2003)
[Parmelia borreri var. ulophylla (Ach.) Nyl., Parmelia borreri var. ulophylla Kremp., Parmelia caperata var. ulophylla Ach., Parmelia dubia f. ulophylla Sandst., Parmelia dubia var. ulophylla (Ach.) Harm., Parmelia subrudecta f. ulophylla (Sandst.) Rass., Parmelia ulophylla F. Wilson, Punctelia jeckeri (Roum.) Kalb, Punctelia ulophylla (Ach.) Herk & Aptroot, Sticta jeckeri Roum.]
source: Marcelli et al. (2011)
[Parmelia duboscqii var. perreticulata Räsänen, Parmelia perreticulata (Räsänen) Hale]
[Parmelia punctilla Hale]
[Parmelia borreri var. reddenda (Stirt.) Boistel, Parmelia reddenda Stirt.]
[Imbricaria rudecta (Ach.) Jatta, Parmelia borreri subsp. rudecta (Ach.) Fink, Parmelia borreri var. rudecta (Ach.) Tuck., Parmelia rudecta Ach., Parmelia rudecta f. rudecta Ach., Parmelia rudecta var. rudecta Ach.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.:Parmelia rudecta, P. borreri var. rudecta
[Imbricaria borreri var. stictica (Delise ex Duby) Flot., Parmelia borreri var. stictica Delise ex Duby, Parmelia dubia var. stictica (Delise ex Duby) Schaer., Parmelia stictica (Delise ex Duby) Nyl., Parmotrema sticticum (Delise ex Duby) M. Choisy]
[Parmelia subpraesignis Nyl.]
source: Buck & Lendemer (2012)
source: Spribille et al. (2010)
[Hypocenomyce praestabilis (Nyl.) Timdal, Lecidea praestabilis Nyl., Lecidea xanthococca var. praestabilis (Nyl.) Vain.]
[Hypocenomyce sorophora (Vain.) P. James & Poelt, Lecidea xanthococca subsp. sorophora Vain.]
[Hypocenomyce xanthococca (Sommerf.) P. James & Gotth. Schneider, Lecidea xanthococca Sommerf., Lecidea xanthococca f. immutata Vain., Lecidea xanthococca f. xanthococca Sommerf., Lecidea xanthococca subsp. xanthococca Sommerf., Lecidea xanthococca var. immutata (Vain.) Vain., Lecidea xanthococca var. xanthococca Sommerf., Lecidella xanthococca (Sommerf.) Körb., Psora xanthococca (Sommerf.) Arnold]
[Biatora epimarta (Nyl.) Walt. Watson, Buellia epimarta (Nyl.) Malme, Cladonia heteromorpha G. Merr., Cladonia madreporiformis (With.) DC., Cladonia molariformis Hoffm., Cladonia papillaria (Ehrh.) Hoffm., Cladonia papillaria f. chthonoblastes Erichsen, Cladonia papillaria f. molariformis (Hoffm.) Schaer., Cladonia papillaria f. papillaria (Ehrh.) Hoffm., Lecidea epimarta Nyl., Lichen madreporiformis With., Lichen papillarius Ehrh., Pycnothelia madreporiformis (With.) Dufour, Pycnothelia papillaria f. molariformis (Hoffm.) Schaer., Pycnotheliomyces papillariae Cif. & Tomas.]
[Myriotrema pycnoporellum (Nyl.) Hale, Thelotrema pycnoporellum Nyl.]
[Dacampiosphaeria rivana (De Not.) D. Hawksw., Didymosphaeria neottizans (Leight.) A.L. Sm., Leptosphaeria baeomycearia (Linds.) Sacc. & Trotter, Leptosphaeria caninae (W. Phillips & Plowr.) Sacc., Leptosphaeria leucomelaria (Mudd) Vouaux, Leptosphaeria neottizans (Leight.) Zopf, Leptosphaeria oligospora (Vain.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Leptosphaeria rivana (De Not.) Sacc., Leptosphaeria rivana f. rivana (De Not.) Sacc., Leptosphaeria rivana f. solorinae Rehm, Microthelia baeomycearia Linds., Phaeospora baeomycearia (Linds.) Arnold, Phaeospora leucomelaria (Mudd) Sacc. & P. Syd., Pyrenidiomyces actinelli Cif. & Tomas., Pyrenidium rivanum (De Not.) Nav.-Ros., Cl. Roux & Diederich, Pyrenidum actinellum Nyl., Sphaeria caninae Plowr. & W. Phillips, Sphaeria leucomelaria Mudd, Sphaeria rivana De Not., Tichothecium leucomelarium (Mudd) Berl. & Voglino, Trypethelium peltigereum G. Merr., Verrucaria neottizans Leight.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2010g)
[Zwackhiomacromyces hyalosporus (Alstrup, D. Hawksw. & R. Sant.) Etayo & F. Berger]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Biatora flotowiana (Hepp) Th. Fr., Collemopsis flotowiana (Hepp) Hue, Encliopyrenia thelostoma (Ach. ex J. Harriman) Trevis., Lecanora thelostoma (Ach. ex J. Harriman) Hook. f., Lichen thelostoma (Ach. ex J. Harriman) Sm., Montinia flotowiana (Hepp) A. Massal., Parmelia thelostoma (Ach. ex J. Harriman) Spreng., Porocyphus flotowianum (Hepp) Stein, Psorotichia flotowiana (Hepp) Müll.Arg., Pyrenocarpon flotowianum (Hepp) Trevis., Pyrenocarpon thelostoma (Ach. ex J. Harriman) Coppins & Aptroot, Pyrenopsis flotowiana (Hepp) Nyl., Pyrenula umbonata Ach., Sagedia thelostoma (Ach. ex J. Harriman) Trevis., Segestrella thelostoma (Ach. ex J. Harriman) Fr., Segestria thelostoma (Ach. ex J. Harriman) Fr., Thelochroa flotowiana (Hepp) Körb., Thrombium thelostoma (Ach. ex J. Harriman) A.L. Sm., Verrucaria flotowiana Hepp, Verrucaria thelostoma Ach. ex J. Harriman]
source: Dillman et al. (2012)
source: Harris (1995a)
[Arthopyrenia prospersella (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
[Arthopyrenia tichothecioides Arnold, Xanthopyrenia tichothecioides (Arnold) Bachm.]
[Caloplaca (Pyrenodesmia) montana (B. de Lesd.) ined.]
Pyrenodesmia montana B. de Lesd. should be transferred to Caloplaca, but the name Caloplaca montana B. de Lesd. already exists; a replacment name is necessary.
[Callopisma paepalostomum (Anzi) Jatta, Callopisma variabile (Pers.) Trevis., Callopisma variabile var. variabile (Pers.) Trevis., Caloplaca alpestris f. ochracea (Müll. Arg.) Ozenda & Clauzade, Caloplaca chalybaea f. ochracea (Müll. Arg.) Ozenda & Clauzade, Caloplaca variabilis (Pers.) Müll. Arg., Caloplaca variabilis f. fulva (Anzi) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Caloplaca variabilis f. fusca (A. Massal.) Jatta, Caloplaca variabilis f. paepalostoma (Anzi) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Caloplaca variabilis f. variabilis (Pers.) Müll. Arg., Caloplaca variabilis subsp. variabilis (Pers.) Müll. Arg., Caloplaca variabilis var. ocellulata (Ach.) Boistel, Caloplaca variabilis var. ochracea Müll. Arg., Caloplaca variabilis var. variabilis (Pers.) Müll. Arg., Collema variabile (Pers.) DC., Lecanora ocellulata (Ach.) Wedd., Lecanora variabilis (Pers.) Ach., Lecanora variabilis f. variabilis (Pers.) Ach., Lecanora variabilis var. variabilis (Pers.) Ach., Lichen variabilis Pers., Parmelia variabilis (Pers.) Ach., Patellaria variabilis (Pers.) Wallr., Placodium aegyptiacum var. ochraceum (Müll. Arg.) Szatala, Placodium fulvum Anzi, Placodium paepalostomum Anzi, Placodium paepalostomum var. paepalostomum Anzi, Placodium variabile (Pers.) Hepp, Placodium variabile var. candidum (Stizenb.) Szatala, Placodium variabile var. continuum (Harm.) Szatala, Placodium variabile var. fuscum (A. Massal.) Szatala, Placodium variabile var. granulosum (Arnold) Szatala, Placodium variabile var. ochraceum (Müll. Arg.) Szatala, Placodium variabile var. variabile (Pers.) Hepp, Psora variabilis (Pers.) Hoffm., Pyrenodesmia paepalostoma (Anzi) Arnold, Pyrenodesmia variabilis f. fusca A. Massal., Pyrenodesmia variabilis f. variabilis (Pers.) Körb., Pyrenodesmia variabilis var. cyclysca B. de Lesd., Pyrenodesmia variabilis var. ocellulata (Ach.) M. Choisy, Pyrenodesmia variabilis var. ochracea (Müll. Arg.) M. Choisy, Pyrenodesmia variabilis var. variabilis (Pers.) Körb., Urceolaria ocellata var. ocellulata Ach., Zeora variabilis (Pers.) Flot., Zeora variabilis var. agardhiana Flot., Zeora variabilis var. variabilis (Pers.) Flot.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Caloplaca variabilis, Placodium variabile
[Collema furfureum Nyl., Pyrenopsidium furfureum (Nyl.) Forssell, Pyrenopsidium homoeopsis (Nyl.) Forssell, Pyrenopsis homoeopsis Nyl.]
[Pyrenopsis multispora Coppins]
[Pyrenopsidium haematopis (Sommerf.) Th. Fr., Pyrenopsis haematopis (Sommerf.) Th. Fr., Pyrenopsis haematopis var. haematopis (Sommerf.) Th. Fr., Pyrenopsis haematopis var. terrigena Th. Fr.]
source: Spribille et al. (2010)
[Synalissa polycocca Nyl.]
North Carolina. Anson Co.: Perlmutter 1827 (NCU); Wake Co.: Perlmutter 1899 (NCU); Georgia. Columbia Co.: Perlmutter 1644 (NCU). New to North America (communicated G. Perlmutter; specimens identified by Matthias Schultz).
[Gloeopyrenia reducta (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr., Microglaena reducta Th. Fr., Microglaena sphinctrinoides subsp. reducta Th. Fr., Protothelenella reducta (Th. Fr.) Räsänen, Verrucaria reducta (Th. Fr.) Vain.]
source: Hutten et al. (2013)
[Collemopsis fuscatula (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Collemopsis subareolata (Nyl.) Malbr., Pyrenopsis fuscatula Nyl., Pyrenopsis haematopsis]
source: Schultz (2009)
source: Schultz (2007d)
[Lichenothrix riddlei Henssen, Pleosphaeria lichenothricis Henssen]
source: Aptroot (1996)
[Parathelium martinicanum Vain., Pyrenula adacta var. adacta Fée, Pyrenula caraibica Aptroot & Etayo, Pyrenula marginatula Müll.Arg., Pyrenula martinicana (Vain.) R.C. Harris]
source: Aptroot (2012)
[Melanotheca achariana Fée, Melanotheca anomala (Ach.) A. Massal., Mycoporum anomalum (Ach.) Trevis., Pyrenula achariana (Fée) Vain., Pyrenula achariana var. achariana (Fée) Vain., Pyrenula achariana var. angolensis Vain., Trypethelium anomalum Ach., Trypethelium anomalum f. anomalum Ach., Trypethelium anomalum var. anomalum Ach., Trypethelium anomalum var. leucostomum Nyl., Trypethelium anomalum var. obscurescens (Vain.) Zahlbr.]
[Polyblastia aspistea (Afzel. ex Ach.) Trevis., Pyrenula aquila R.C. Harris, Pyrenula nitida var. aspistea (Afzel. ex Ach.) Trevis., Verrucaria aspistea Afzel. ex Ach., Verrucaria nitida subsp. aspistea (Afzel. ex Ach.) Nyl.]
[Heufleria pentagrastica Müll. Arg., Heufleridium pentagastricum (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg., Parmentaria astroidea Fée, Verrucaria aspistea var. astroidea (Fée) Nyl.]
source: Aptroot (1996)
[Pseudopyrenula balia (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Pyrenula santensis (Eschw.) Müll.Arg., Verrucaria balia Kremp., Verrucaria marginata var. santensis Nyl., Verrucaria santensis (Nyl.) Nyl.]
source: Aptroot (2012)
[Anthracothecium breutelii Müll.Arg., Anthracothecium maculare Zahlbr., Pyrenula macularis (Zahlbr.) R.C. Harris]
source: Aptroot (2012)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Aptroot (1996)
[Pyrenula maculata (R.C. Harris) R.C. Harris, Pyrenula nitida f. chlorospila (Nyl.) Keissl., Pyrenula nitidella f. chlorospila (Nyl.) Szatala, Verrucaria chlorospila Nyl.]
source: Aptroot (2012)
[Parathelium subferrugineum Malme, Pyrenula subferruginea (Malme) R.C. Harris]
source: Aptroot (2012)
source: Aptroot & Common (2017)
[Anthracothecium confine (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Anthracothecium corticatum Müll.Arg., Bottaria confinis (Nyl.) Vain., Pyrenula corticata (Müll. Arg.) R.C. Harris, Sporodictyon confine (Nyl.) Trevis., Verrucaria confinis Nyl.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Melanotheca connivens (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Melanotheca cruenta (Mont.) Müll.Arg., Melanotheca ornata Müll.Arg., Melanotheca rubra (C. Knight) C. Knight, Melanotheca subincruenta (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Pyrenula circumrubens (Nyl.) B. de Lesd., Pyrenula circumrubens var. circumrubens (Nyl.) B. de Lesd., Pyrenula circumrubens var. rubrotecta (Stirt.) Shirley, Stromatothelium cruentum (Mont.) Trevis., Trypethelium cinnabarinum C. Knight ex F.M. Bailey, Trypethelium connivens Stirt., Trypethelium cruentatum Nyl., Trypethelium cruentum Mont., Trypethelium cruentum var. subdecolor Nyl., Trypethelium rubescens C. Knight, Trypethelium rubrum C. Knight, Trypethelium subincruentum Nyl., Verrucaria circumrubens Nyl., Verrucaria circumrubens var. circumrubens Nyl., Verrucaria circumrubens var. rubrotecta Stirt.]
[Bottaria cruentata Müll. Arg.]
[Pyrenastrum cubanum Müll. Arg.]
[Parathelium cuyabense Malme]
[Pseudopyrenula galactina Shirley, Pyrenula achroopora (Nyl.) Arnold, Pyrenula glabratula (Nyl.) Arnold, Pyrenula lucifera R.C. Harris, Pyrenula nitida var. dermatodes (Borrer) Trevis., Verrucaria achroopora Nyl., Verrucaria dermatodes Borrer, Verrucaria glabrata var. dermatodes (Borrer) Leight., Verrucaria glabratula Nyl., Verrucaria nitida var. dermatodes (Borrer) Leight.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014a)
[Anthracothecium duplicans (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Verrucaria duplicans Nyl.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Parathelium emergens Nyl. ex Müll. Arg.]
[Pyrenula citriformis R.C. Harris, Pyrenula sandwicensis Zahlbr., Pyrenula subcongruens Müll.Arg., Verrucaria fetivica Kremp.]
source: Aptroot (2012)
[Anthracothecium globiferum (Eschw.) Müll.Arg., Sporodictyon globiferum (Eschw.) Trevis., Verrucaria globifera Eschw.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Harris (1995a)
[Pyrenula alba var. laevigata (Pers.) Trevis., Verrucaria laevigata Pers.]
[Anthracothecium leucostomum (Ach.) Malme, Anthracothecium libricola (Fée) Müll.Arg., Anthracothecium libricola f. libricola (Fée) Müll.Arg., Anthracothecium pachycheilum (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Bottaria libricola (Fée) Vain., Bottaria libricola f. libricola (Fée) Vain., Parmentaria rappii Zahlbr., Pyrenula libricola Fée, Pyrenula pachycheila Tuck., Verrucaria leucostoma (Ach.) Mont., Verrucaria libricola (Fée) Nyl.]
[Pyrenula kunthii (Fée) Fée, Pyrenula marginata Hook., Pyrenula marginata var. fulva (Kremp.) Overeem, Pyrenula marginata var. marginata Hook., Trypethelium ocellatum Zenker, Verrucaria kunthii Fée, Verrucaria mamillana Ach., Verrucaria marginata (Hook. f.) Hepp, Verrucaria marginata var. convexa Nyl., Verrucaria marginata var. fulva Kremp., Verrucaria marginata var. marginata (Hook. f.) Hepp]
source: (fide R. Harris)
[Parathelium microcarpum Riddle]
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014a)
[Anthracothecium dimorphum (Vain.) Zahlbr., Bottaria dimorpha Vain., Melanomma nitidulum Bres., Melanotheca griseola (Vain.) Zahlbr., Pyrenula andamanica Ajay Singh & Upreti, Pyrenula cinereoglauca Zahlbr., Pyrenula dealbata (C. Knight) Müll. Arg., Pyrenula griseola Vain., Pyrenula paraensis Müll.Arg., Pyrenula platysporella Zahlbr., Pyrenula plittii R.C. Harris, Pyrenula subsimplex Vain., Verrucaria inflata Stirt.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Pyrenula harrisii Hafellner & Kalb, Pyrenula neglecta subsp. occidentalis R.C. Harris]
[Anthracothecium ochraceoflavum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Pyrenula ochraceoflava var. pacifica P.M. McCarthy, Sporodictyon ochraceoflavum (Nyl.) Trevis., Verrucaria ochraceoflava Nyl., Verrucaria ochraceoflava f. ochraceoflava Nyl.]
[Anthracothecium ochraceoflavens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Bottaria ochraceoflavens (Nyl.) Vain., Bottaria ochraceoflavens subsp. ochraccoflavens (Nyl.) Vain., Verrucaria ochraceoflavens Nyl.]
[Bottaria parvinuclea (Meyen & Flot.) Vain.]
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014a)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014a)
[Clypeosphaeria pseudobufonia Rehm, Pyrenula neglecta R.C. Harris, Pyrenula neglecta subsp. neglecta R.C. Harris]
[Pyrenula punctella var. punctella (Nyl.) Trevis., Verrucaria punctella Nyl.]
[Anthracothecium pyrenuloides (Mont.) Müll.Arg., Bathelium pyrenuloides (Mont.) Trevis., Bottaria pyrenuloides (Mont.) Trevis., Pyrenastrum pyrenuloides (Mont.) Nyl., Trypethelium pyrenuloides Mont., Verrucaria pyrenuloides (Mont.) Nyl., Verrucaria pyrenuloides var. pyrenuloides (Fée) Fée]
[Anthracothecium olivaceocinereum Vain., Leiophloea vitrea (Eschw.) Trevis., Melanotheca rizalensis (Vain.) Zahlbr., Parmentaria papillata (C. Knight) Shirley, Pyrenula adacta var. cinerascens (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Pyrenula albidopunctata Zahlbr., Pyrenula baileyi (C. Knight) Shirley, Pyrenula bonariensis Malme, Pyrenula chungii Zahlbr., Pyrenula coerulescens Müll.Arg., Pyrenula crassescens (Stirt.) Müll. Arg., Pyrenula defossa Müll.Arg., Pyrenula emergens (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Pyrenula emersa Malme, Pyrenula endostega Müll.Arg., Pyrenula eucalypta Vain., Pyrenula euphorbiae Vain., Pyrenula ferax Müll.Arg., Pyrenula fissa H. Magn., Pyrenula flaventior (Stirt.) Müll. Arg., Pyrenula fulvescens Malme, Pyrenula gibberosa Vain., Pyrenula glaziovii Müll.Arg., Pyrenula homalisma (C. Knight) D.J. Galloway, Pyrenula kelungana Zahlbr., Pyrenula mammillaris (Hepp) Zahlbr., Pyrenula manhaviensis Zahlbr., Pyrenula marmorata Müll.Arg., Pyrenula mastophorizans Müll.Arg., Pyrenula mozambica Vain., Pyrenula nebulosa Zahlbr., Pyrenula nitidans Müll.Arg., Pyrenula obscura Räsänen, Pyrenula obscurata Müll.Arg., Pyrenula obscurior Vain., Pyrenula oculifera Vain., Pyrenula olivaceofusca Müll.Arg., Pyrenula pallidofulvescens Vain., Pyrenula parvula Müll.Arg., Pyrenula pertusarina Zahlbr., Pyrenula pinguis var. emergens (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Pyrenula plumbea Malme, Pyrenula pseudovelata M. Choisy, Pyrenula pudica Zahlbr., Pyrenula pulchella var. cinerascens Müll.Arg., Pyrenula punctella var. emergens Müll.Arg., Pyrenula punctifera Vain., Pyrenula quassiaecola Fée [erroneous spelling], Pyrenula rizalensis Vain., Pyrenula subnitida Müll.Arg., Pyrenula subpunctella (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Pyrenula subvelata Müll.Arg., Pyrenula trombetana Vain., Pyrenula vanoverberghii Vain., Pyrenula virescens Müll.Arg., Pyrenula vitrea (Eschw.) Müll.Arg., Stigmatidium confluens C. Knight, Stigmatidium prominulum C. Knight, Trypethelium papillatum C. Knight, Verrucaria baileyi C. Knight, Verrucaria glabrata var. homalisma C. Knight, Verrucaria mastophora Nyl., Verrucaria quassiaecola Fée, Verrucaria subnitida Nyl., Verrucaria subpunctella Nyl., Verrucaria vitrea Eschw.]
[Bathelium megaspermum var. tasmanicum Jatta, Laurera megasperma var. tasmanica (Jatta) Zahlbr., Parmentaria ravenelii (Tuck.) Müll.Arg., Pyrenastrum ravenelii Tuck.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Parmentaria ravenelii, Pyrenastrim ravenelii
[Anthracothecium falsarium Zahlbr., Parmentaria schiffneri Zahlbr., Pyrenula falsaria (Zahlbr.) R.C. Harris]
source: Aptoot (2012)
[Astrothelium pyrenastraeum Nyl., Astrothelium septicollare (Eschw.) Leight., Pyrenastrum fuscum Mont., Pyrenastrum pyrenastraeum (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
[Melanotheca concatervans (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Pyrenula concatervans (Nyl.) R.C. Harris, Verrucaria concatervans Nyl., Verrucaria sexlocularis Nyl.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Clypeosphaeria imperfecta Ellis & Everh., Pyrenula imperfecta (Ellis & Everh.) R.C. Harris, Verrucaria subelliptica Tuck.]
[Anthracothecium thelomorphum (Tuck.) Zahlbr.]
[Acolium javanicum (Nyl.) Stizenb., Calicium javanicum (Nyl.) Mont. & Bosch, Pyrgillus australiensis F. Wilson, Trachylia javanica (Nyl.) Nyl.]
[Biatora quernea (Dicks.) Fr., Lecidea quernea (Dicks.) Ach., Lichen querneus Dicks., Patellaria quernea (Dicks.) Spreng., Protoblastenia querna (Dicks.) Clauzade, Protoblastenia quernea (Dicks.) Clauzade, Tetramelas querneus (Dicks.) Norman, Verrucaria quernea (Dicks.) Hoffm.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Biatora quernea, Lecidea quernea, Protoblastenia gowardiana
[Lecidea albovirens G. Mey.]
[Circinaria berteroana Fée, Pyxine berteriana (Fée) Imshaug, Pyxine berteroana var. berteroana (Fée) Imshaug, Pyxine cocoes var. endoxantha Müll.Arg., Pyxine meissneri Tuck., Pyxine meissneri subsp. meissneri Tuck., Pyxine meissneri var. meissneri Tuck., Pyxine meissnerina Nyl.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Physcia meissneri
[Pyxine cocoes var. caesiopruinosa Tuck., Pyxine sorediata f. caesiopruinosa (Tuck.) Hue]
[Circinaria cocoes Fée, Coccocarpia pellita var. cocoes (Fée) Zahlbr., Lecidea cocoes (Sw.) Ach., Lichen cocoes Sw., Lobaria cocoes (Sw.) Räusch]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Physcia cocoes
[Phragmopyxine eschweileri (Tuck.) Clem., Pyxine cocoes var. eschweileri Tuck., Pyxine niveomarginata B. de Lesd., Pyxine rosacea Zahlbr., Pyxine sorediata var. eschweileri (Tuck.) Tuck.]
[Circinaria berteroana Fée, Pyxine berteriana (Fée) Imshaug, Pyxine berteroana (Fée) Imshaug, Pyxine berteroana var. berteroana (Fée) Imshaug, Pyxine cocoes var. endoxantha Müll.Arg., Pyxine meissneri Tuck., Pyxine meissneri subsp. meissneri Tuck., Pyxine meissneri var. meissneri Tuck.]
source: Nash et al. (1998)
[Pyxine endoleuca (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Pyxine meissneri var. endoleuca Müll.Arg., Pyxine subvelata Stirt.]
[Imbricaria sorediata (Ach.) Arnold, Lecidea sorediata Ach., Parmelia stygia var. sorediata Ach.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Physcia sorediata
[Physcia melanenta C. Knight, Pyxine chrysanthoides Vain., Pyxine chrysanthoides f. chrysanthoides Vain., Pyxine meissneri f. sorediosa (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg., Pyxine meissneri var. sorediosa Müll.Arg.]
source: Amtoft (2002)
[Niesslia peltigericola (D. Hawksw.) Etayo, Wentiomyces peltigericola D. Hawksw.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Cystocoleus rupestris (Pers.) Rabenh., Racodium rupestre var. rupestre Pers.]
Esslinger's most recent version of the checklist (#23) suggests Coenogonium rupestris (Pers.) Rabenh. is a synonym. The name does not exist. Instead Tuckerman (1882, p. 259) cites Cystocoleus rupestris (Pers.) Rabenh.
[Phacopsis huuskonenii Räsänen]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Divakar et al. (2015)
[Fistulariella almquistii (Vain.) Bowler & Rundel]
Older North American reports of R. fastigiata belong here.
[Evernia calicaris (L.) Link, Lichen calicaris L., Lichen calicaris var. calicaris L., Lobaria calicaris (L.) Hoffm., Parmelia calicaris (L.) Spreng., Parmelia fraxinea var. calicaris (L.) Schaer., Platysma calicare (L.) Frege, Ramalina calicaris f. calicaris (L.) Röhl., Ramalina calicaris subsp. calicaris (L.) Röhl., Ramalina calicaris var. calicaris (L.) Röhl., Ramalina calicaris var. canaliculata Fr., Ramalina calicaris var. subamplicata Nyl., Ramalina calicaris var. subfastigiata Nyl., Ramalina fraxinea subsp. canaliculata (Fr.) B. de Lesd., Ramalina fraxinea var. calicaris (L.) Schaer., Ramalina subampliata (Nyl.) Fink, Ramalina subamplicata (Nyl.) Fink, Ramalina subamplicata f. gracilis B. de Lesd., Ramalina subamplicata f. subamplicata (Nyl.) Fink, Ramalina subfastigiata (Nyl.) Werner]
[Ramalina evernioides var. canariensis (J. Steiner) Mereschk.]
[Evernia flavicans f. tenuissima Meyen & Flot. nom. inval., Lichen linearis Sw., Lobaria linearis (Sw.) Raeusch., Parmelia celastri Spreng., Parmelia linearis (Sw.) Ach., Ramalina calicaris f. linearis (Sw.) Nyl., Ramalina calicaris var. membranacea (Laurer) C. Bab., Ramalina calicaris var. ovalis (Hook. f. & Taylor) Bab., Ramalina canaliculata subsp. linearis (Sw.) Nyl., Ramalina celastri subsp. ovalis (Hook. f. & Taylor) G.N. Stevens, Ramalina ecklonii var. membranacea (Laurer) Müll. Arg., Ramalina ecklonii var. ovalis (Hook. f. & Taylor) F. Wilson, Ramalina ecklonii var. tenuissima Meyen & Flot., Ramalina fraxinea var. membranacea Laurer, Ramalina lanceolata var. tenuissima (Meyen & Flot.) Müll. Arg., Ramalina linearis (Sw.) Ach., Ramalina linearis f. linearis (Sw.) Ach., Ramalina ovalis Hook. f. & Taylor, Ramalina yemensis var. membranacea (Laurer) Nyl., Ramalina yemensis var. ovalis (Hook. f. & Taylor) Zahlbr., Ramalina yemensis var. tenuissima (Meyen & Flot.) Zahlbr., Sticta ecklonii Spreng., Teloschistes flavicans var. tenuissimus Meyen & Flot. ex Müll. Arg.]
[Lichen complanatus Sw., Ramalina calicaris f. complanata (Sw.) Nyl., Ramalina calicaris var. complanata (Sw.) Nyl., Roccella complanata (Sw.) Darb., Roccella complanata var. complanata (Sw.) Darb.]
source: LaGreca (1999)
[Parmelia denticulata Eschw.]
[Fistulariella dilacerata (Hoffm.) Bowler & Riefner, Fistulariella minuscula (Nyl.) Bowler & Rundel, Lobaria dilacerata Hoffm., Platysma dilaceratum (Hoffm.) Frege, Ramalina dilacerata f. dilacerata (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Ramalina minuscula Nyl., Ramalina minuscula var. alba C. Knight, Ramalina minuscula var. minuscula (Nyl.) Nyl., Ramalina minuscula var. pollinariella Nyl.]
[Lichen farinaceus L., Lobaria farinacea (L.) Hoffm., Parmelia farinacea (L.) Ach., Parmelia farinacea f. farinacea (L.) Ach., Parmelia farinacea f. glauca Bitter, Parmelia farinacea f. obscura Bitter, Parmelia farinacea var. canaliculata Clemente, Parmelia farinacea var. farinacea (L.) Ach., Parmelia farinacea var. obscurascens Bitter, Parmelia farinacea var. pendulina Ach., Parmelia farinacea var. phalerata Ach., Parmelia fraxinea var. farinacea (L.) Schaer., Physcia farinacea (L.) DC., Platysma farinaceum (L.) Frege, Ramalina farinacea f. farinacea (L.) Ach., Ramalina farinacea f. phalerata (Ach.) Räsänen, Ramalina farinacea f. rubescens Räsänen, Ramalina farinacea subsp. farinacea (L.) Ach., Ramalina farinacea subsp. reagens (B. de Lesd.) Werner, Ramalina farinacea var. farinacea (L.) Ach., Ramalina farinacea var. hypoprotocetrarica (W.L. Culb.) D. Hawksw., Ramalina farinacea var. multifida Ach., Ramalina farinacea var. pendulina (Ach.) Ach., Ramalina farinacea var. phalerata (Ach.) Ach., Ramalina farinacea var. reagens B. de Lesd., Ramalina hypoprotocetrarica Culb., Ramalina multifida (Ach.) Röhl., Ramalina pendulina (Ach.) Röhl., Ramalina phalerata (Ach.) Röhl., Ramalina reagens (B. de Lesd.) Culb., Ramalina subfarinacea var. reagens (B. de Lesd.) D. Hawksw., Ramalina subfarinacea var. salazinica D. Hawksw.]
[Lichen fastigiatus Pers., Lobaria populina Hoffm., Parmelia fastigiata (Pers.) Ach., Parmelia fraxinea var. fastigiata (Lilj.) Schaer., Parmelia populina (Hoffm.) Wallr., Physcia fastigiata (Pers.) DC., Platysma populinum (Hoffm.) Frege, Ramalina farinacea var. minutula Ach., Ramalina fastigiata f. conglobata Laurer ex Nyl., Ramalina fastigiata f. minutula (Ach.) Cromb., Ramalina fastigiata f. tortulosa A. Massal. ex Jatta, Ramalina fastigiata var. conglobata (Laurer) Motyka, Ramalina fenestrata Motyka, Ramalina fraxinea subsp. fastigiata (Pers.) Ach., Ramalina fraxinea var. pellucida A.E. Wade, Ramalina minutula (Ach.) Röhl., Ramalina populina (Hoffm.) Vain., Ramalina populina f. populina (Hoffm.) Vain., Ramalina populina f. sorediata Erichsen, Ramalina populina var. calicariformis Räsänen, Ramalina populina var. populina (Hoffm.) Vain.]
Earlier reports of this species from North America refer to R. americana.
[Lichen fraxineus L., Lobaria fraxinea (L.) Hoffm., Parmelia fraxinea (L.) Ach., Parmelia fraxinea var. ampliata Ach., Parmelia fraxinea var. fraxinea Ach., Parmelia fraxinea var. taeniata Ach., Physcia fraxinea (L.) Michx., Platysma fraxineum (L.) Hoffm., Ramalina fraxinea f. ampliata (Ach.) Anders, Ramalina fraxinea f. fraxinea (L.) Ach., Ramalina fraxinea f. taeniiformis (Ach.) Leight., Ramalina fraxinea subsp. calicariformis (Nyl.) B. de Lesd., Ramalina fraxinea subsp. fraxinea (L.) Ach., Ramalina fraxinea var. ampliata (Ach.) Ach., Ramalina fraxinea var. calicariformis Nyl., Ramalina fraxinea var. fraxinea (L.) Ach., Ramalina fraxinea var. taeniiformis Ach., Ramalinomyces fraxineae E.A. Thomas ex Cif. & Tomas.]
[Fistulariella geniculata (Hook. f. & Taylor) Bowler & Rundel]
[Fistulariella inflata (Hook. f. & Taylor) Bowler & Rundel]
[Cetraria inflata Hook. f. & Taylor, Ramalina calicaris var. gracilis C. Bab., Ramalina inflata var. gracilis (C. Bab.) Müll. Arg., Ramalina inflata var. inflata (Hook. f. & Taylor) Hook. f. & Taylor, Ramalina knightiana Zahlbr., Ramalina tasmanica Nyl.]
source: Gasparyan et al. (2017)
[Desmazieria evernioides (Nyl.) Follmann & Huneck, Ramalina duriaei (de Not.) Jatta, Ramalina duriaei f. densa (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr., Ramalina duriaei f. divisa Werner, Ramalina duriaei f. duriaei (De Not.) Bagl., Ramalina duriaei f. fistulosa Werner, Ramalina duriaei f. parvula Erichsen, Ramalina duriaei f. pusilla Erichsen, Ramalina duriaei f. tuberculata Werner, Ramalina duriaei var. duriaei (De Not.) Bagl., Ramalina duriaei var. saxicola Sambo, Ramalina evernioides f. densa B. de Lesd., Ramalina evernioides f. divisa Werner, Ramalina pollinaria var. duriaei De Not., Vermilacinia lacera (With.) Follmann & B.C. Werner ined.]
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014a)
[Evernia flavicans f. tenuissima Meyen & Flot. nom. inval., Lichen linearis Sw., Lobaria linearis (Sw.) Raeusch., Parmelia celastri Spreng., Parmelia linearis (Sw.) Ach., Ramalina calicaris f. linearis (Sw.) Nyl., Ramalina calicaris var. membranacea (Laurer) C. Bab., Ramalina calicaris var. ovalis (Hook. f. & Taylor) Bab., Ramalina canaliculata subsp. linearis (Sw.) Nyl., Ramalina celastri (Sprengel) Krog & Swinscow, Ramalina celastri subsp. ovalis (Hook. f. & Taylor) G.N. Stevens, Ramalina ecklonii var. membranacea (Laurer) Müll. Arg., Ramalina ecklonii var. ovalis (Hook. f. & Taylor) F. Wilson, Ramalina ecklonii var. tenuissima Meyen & Flot., Ramalina fraxinea var. membranacea Laurer, Ramalina lanceolata var. tenuissima (Meyen & Flot.) Müll. Arg., Ramalina linearis f. linearis (Sw.) Ach., Ramalina ovalis Hook. f. & Taylor, Ramalina yemensis var. membranacea (Laurer) Nyl., Ramalina yemensis var. ovalis (Hook. f. & Taylor) Zahlbr., Ramalina yemensis var. tenuissima (Meyen & Flot.) Zahlbr., Sticta ecklonii Spreng., Teloschistes flavicans var. tenuissimus Meyen & Flot. ex Müll. Arg.]
[Chlorodictyon foliosum J. Agardh, Ramalina reticulata Taylor]
[Ramalina rigida f. montagnei (De Not.) Tuck., Ramalina rigida var. montagnei (De Not.) Tuck.]
[Ramalina dilacerata var. obtusata (Arnold) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Ramalina minuscula var. obtusata Arnold]
[Desmazieria peruviana (Ach.) Follmann & Huneck, Fistulariella javanica (Nyl.) Bowler & Rundel, Ramalina farinacea var. dendroides Müll.Arg., Ramalina farinacea var. squarrosa Müll.Arg., Ramalina javanica Nyl., Ramalina roesleri var. isidiotyla Vain.]
[Lichen calicaris var. polymorphus Lilj., Lichen polymorphus (Lilj.) Ach., Parmelia polymorpha (Lilj.) Ach., Parmelia polymorpha var. emplecta Ach., Parmelia polymorpha var. polymorpha (Lilj.) Ach., Physcia polymorpha (Lilj.) DC., Ramalina polymorpha f. emplecta (Ach.) Ach., Ramalina polymorpha f. polymorpha (Lilj.) Ach., Ramalina polymorpha subsp. polymorpha (Lilj.) Ach., Ramalina polymorpha var. emplecta (Ach.) Ach., Ramalina polymorpha var. polymorpha (Lilj.) Ach., Ramalina scopulorum var. polymorpha (Lilj.) Mudd]
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
[Fistulariella roesleri (Hochst. ex Schaer.) Bowler & Rundel]
[Fistulariella scoparia (Vain.) Bowler & Rundel]
source: Kashiwadani & Nash (2004)
[Alectoria thrausta Ach., Alectoria thrausta f. arenaria (Fr.) Zahlbr., Alectoria thrausta f. curtula Harm., Alectoria thrausta f. sorediella (Nyl.) Hue, Alectoria thrausta f. thrausta Ach., Alectoria thrausta var. sorediosula (Nyl.) Hue, Alectoria thrausta var. thrausta Ach.]
[Alectoria usneoides (Ach.) Ach., Lichen usnea L., Parmelia usneoides Ach., Ramalina usneoides (Ach.) Mont., Ramalina usneoides var. usneoides Mont.]
source: Lendemer & Harris (2011)
[Biatora cinnabarina (Sommerf.) Fr., Caloplaca leucoleprosa (Vain.) Zahlbr., Lecidea cinnabarina Sommerf., Patellaria cinnabarina (Sommerf.) Spreng., Placodium leucoleprosum Vain., Protoblastenia cinnabarina (Sommerf.) Räsänen, Pyrrhospora cinnabarina (Sommerf.) Choisy]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Biatora cinnabarina, Lecidea cinnabarina, Protoblastenia cinnabarina, source: Kalb et al. (2008)
[Lecidea elabens Fr., Lecidea melancheima Tuck., Pyrrhospora elabens (Fr.) Hafellner]
[Pyrrhospora gowardiana Sprib. & Hauck]
source: Kalb et al. (2008)
[Biatora russula (Ach.) Mont., Lecidea russula Ach., Lecidea russula var. russula Ach., Lepadolemma russulum (Ach.) Trevis., Patellaria russula (Ach.) Spreng., Protoblastenia russula (Ach.) Räsänen, Protoblastenia russula var. russula (Ach.) Räsänen, Pyrrhospora russula (Ach.) Hafellner]
source: Kalb et al. (2008)
[Lecidea subcinnabarina Tønsberg, Pyrrhospora subcinnabarina (Tønsberg) Hafellner]
source: Kalb et al. (2008)
[Lecidea ablephora Nyl.]
source: Lendemer et al. (2009a)
[Bacidia gyalectiformis (Zahlbr.) Hasse]
[Biatorella rappii Zahlbr.]
[Gyalecta valenzueliana (Mont.) Tuck., Maronea porinoidea Zahlbr., Parmelia valenzueliana Mont., Secoliga valenzueliana (Mont.) Müll.Arg.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Gyalecta valenzueliana, Maronea porinoidea
source: Lendemer & Knudsen (2008a)
[Sphaeria massalongoi Mont.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Perlmutter et al. (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Lendemer et al. 2009b)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Alstrup & Cole (1998)
[Ovularia peltigerae Keissl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Leptotrema heterosporum (C. Knight) Zahlbr., Leptotrema mastoideum Müll.Arg., Leptotrema santense (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Thelotrema heterosporum C. Knight, Thelotrema santense Tuck.]
source: Kalb (2001)
[Parmelia abstrusa Vain., Parmelia abstrusa f. abstrusa Vain., Parmelia abstrusa var. abstrusa Vain.]
[Parmelia eximbricata (Gyeln.) Hale & Kurok.]
[Lophiostoma subcollapsum Ellis & Everh.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Ocellularia emersa (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Phaeotrema emersum (Kremp.) Zahlbr., Stegobolus emersus (Kremp.) Frisch & Kalb, Thelotrema emersum Kremp.]
source: Rivas Plata et al. (2012)
[Ocellularia granulosa (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Stegobolus granulosus (Tuck.) Frisch, Thelotrema granulosum Tuck.]
source: Rivas Plata et al. (2012)
[Bertia lichenicola De Not., Psilosphaeria lichenicola (De Not.) Cooke, Rhagadostoma corrugatum Körb., Sphaeria corrugata (Körb.) H. Olivier nom. illegit., Sphaeria lichenicola (De Not.) Cooke nom illegit.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Alstrup & Cole (1998)
[Buellia alpicola (Wahlenb.) Anzi, Buellia alpicola var. alpicola (Wahlenb.) Anzi, Buellia alpicola var. pallidocinerea Wahlenb., Buellia alpicola var. soluta Bagl. & Garov., Buellia deludens (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Catocarpus alpicola (Wahlenb.) Arnold, Catocarpus chionophilus (Th. Fr.) Stein, Catocarpus oreites (Vain.) Eitner, Lecidea alpicola (Wahlenb.) Hepp, Lecidea atrovirens var. alpicola Wahlenb., Lecidea atrovirens var. gerontica Ach., Lecidea chionophila (Th. Fr.) Vain., Lecidea chionophila var. chionophila (Th. Fr.) Vain., Lecidea chionophila var. decolorata Vain., Lecidea deludens Nyl., Lecidea geographica var. alpicola (Wahlenb.) Schaer., Lecidea oreites Vain., Rhizocarpon chionophilum Th. Fr., Rhizocarpon chionophilum f. chionophilum Th. Fr., Rhizocarpon chionophilum f. fellmanii Vain., Rhizocarpon chionophilum f. gerontoides Th. Fr., Rhizocarpon chionophilum f. ludibundum Th. Fr., Rhizocarpon chionophilum f. primarium Vain., Rhizocarpon chionophilum var. chionophilum Th. Fr., Rhizocarpon chionophilum var. decolorata (Vain.) Räsänen, Rhizocarpon chionophilum var. fellmanii (Vain.) Räsänen, Rhizocarpon chionophilum var. ludibunda (Th. Fr.) Räsänen, Rhizocarpon chionophilum var. primaria (Vain.) Räsänen, Rhizocarpon chionophilum var. sallensis Räsänen, Rhizocarpon deludens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Rhizocarpon geographicum f. geronticum (Ach.) Th. Fr., Rhizocarpon geographicum var. alpicola (Wahlenb.) A. Massal., Rhizocarpon geographicum var. geronticum (Ach.) Räsänen, Rhizocarpon oreites (Vain.) Zahlbr., Rhizocarpon oreites f. chlorea Räsänen, Rhizocarpon oreites f. gerontoides (Th. Fr.) Vain., Rhizocarpon oreites f. oreites (Vain.) Zahlbr., Rhizocarpon oreites f. pallidocinereum (Kremp.) Lettau, Rhizocarpon oreites f. pulchra (Räsänen) Räsänen ex Hakul., Rhizocarpon oreites f. solutum (Bagl. & Carestia) Vain., Rhizocarpon oreites var. chloreum (Räsänen) Räsänen, Rhizocarpon oreites var. flavodispersa Räsänen, Rhizocarpon oreites var. gerontoides (Th. Fr.) Räsänen, Rhizocarpon oreites var. oreites (Vain.) Zahlbr., Rhizocarpon oreites var. paludosum Räsänen, Rhizocarpon oreites var. pulchrum Räsänen, Rhizocarpon oreites var. soluta (Bagl. & Carestia) Räsänen]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Buellia alpicola
[Abacina amphibia (Fr.) Norman, Buellia amphibia (Fr.) H. Olivier, Lecidea amphibia Fr., Rhizocarpon obscuratum f. amphibium (Fr.) Schade]
source: Hinds et al. (2002)
[Lecidea anapera Vain.]
source: Nash et al. (1998)
source: McCune et al. (2014b)
[Buellia badioatra (Flörke ex Spreng.) Mudd, Buellia badioatra var. badioatra (Flörke ex Spreng.) Körb., Buellia badioatra var. rivularis Flot., Buellia badioatra var. vulgaris Körb., Lecidea badioatra Flörke ex Spreng.]
[Buellia bolanderi Tuck.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Buellia bolanderi
source: Fryday (2002)
[Catillaria chionea Norman, Catocarpus chioneum (Norman) Elenkin & Savicz, Lecidea chionea (Norman) Stizenb., Porina chiomela (Norman) Zahlbr.]
[Catocarpus cinereovirens (Müll. Arg.) Oxner, Catocarpus cinereovirens f. asynnum (Vain.) Oxner, Catocarpus cinereovirens f. cinereovirens (Müll. Arg.) Oxner, Catocarpus cinereovirens f. saepincola (Vain.) Oxner, Catocarpus cinereovirens f. sepincola (Vain.) Oxner, Catocarpus cinereovirens f. subroridulum (Vain.) Oxner, Patellaria cinereovirens Müll.Arg.]
[Buellia concentrica (Davies) H. Olivier, Diplotomma concentricum (Davies) Jatta, Lecidea concentrica (Davies) Nyl., Lecidea concentrica var. concentrica (Davies) Nyl., Lichen concentricus Davies, Rhizocarpon petraeum var. concentricum (Davies) Mudd]
[Buellia copelandii Körb., Catocarpus badioater f. copelandii (Körb.) Eitner, Catocarpus copelandii (Körb) Arnold, Lecidea copelandii (Körb.) Stizenb., Rhizocarpon cyclodes Th. Fr.]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: Feuerer & Timdal (2004)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Lumbsch et al. (2011)
[Buellia montagnei (Flot.) Tuck., Lecidea dispora Nägeli ex Hepp, Rhizocarpon disporum var. montagnei (Flot.) Zahlbr., Rhizocarpon montagnei Körb., Rhizocarpon montagnei f. montagnei Körb.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Buellia petraea var. montagnei
[Buellia distincta (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier, Diplotomma distinctum (Th. Fr.) Jatta, Lecidea distincta (Th. Fr.) Stizenb., Lecidea distincta f. distincta (Th. Fr.) Stizenb., Lecidea distincta f. subobscurata Nyl., Lecidea obscurata f. orphnina Vain., Lecidea petraea var. ambigua Schaer., Rhizocarpon ambiguum (Schaer.) Zahlbr., Rhizocarpon ambiguum f. albicans (Körb.) Szatala, Rhizocarpon ambiguum f. ambiguum (Schaer.) Zahlbr., Rhizocarpon ambiguum f. cinereum (Flot.) Szatala, Rhizocarpon ambiguum f. dendriticum Erichsen, Rhizocarpon ambiguum f. fuscum (Flot.) Szatala, Rhizocarpon ambiguum f. soreumaticum (Flot.) Szatala, Rhizocarpon obscuratum subsp. orphninum (Vain.) Vain., Rhizocarpon orphninum (Vain.) Vain., Rhizocarpon orphninum f. orphninum (Vain.) Vain., Rhizocarpon orphninum f. platycarpa Räsänen]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens.
[Catocarpus chionophiloides (Vain.) Mereschk., Lecidea atroalbescens Nyl., Lecidea chionophiloides Vain., Lecidea eupetraeoides Nyl., Rhizocarpon atroalbens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Rhizocarpon atroalbescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Rhizocarpon chionophiloides (Vain.) Vain., Rhizocarpon chionophiloides f. atroalbescens (Nyl.) Räsänen, Rhizocarpon chionophiloides f. chionophiloides (Vain.) Vain., Rhizocarpon chionophiloides f. subnegans (Vain.) Vain., Rhizocarpon chionophiloides var. chionophiloides (Vain.) Vain., Rhizocarpon chionophiloides var. subnegans (Vain.) Räsänen]
[Catocarpus expallescens (Th. Fr.) Hellb.]
[Rhizocarpon drepanodes Feuerer, Rhizocarpon lecanorinum subsp. drepanodes (Feuerer) Clauzade & Cl. Roux]
[Aspicilia cinerea f. concreta (Ach.) Lederer nom. rejic., Biatorina concreta (Ach.) Mudd nom. rejic., Buellia concreta Eckf., Catillaria concreta (Ach.) A. Massal. nom. rejic., Catocarpus concretus (Ach.) Arnold nom. rejic., Catocarpus seductus var. concretus (Ach.) Eitner, Diplotomma petraeum var. concretum (Ach.) Jatta nom. rejic., Lecidea atroalba var. concreta Ach. nom. rejic., Lecidea concreta (Ach.) Nyl. nom. rejic., Lecidea concreta f. geminata (Körb.) Vain., Lecidea confervoides var. concreta (Ach.) Schaer., Lecidea geminata Nyl., Lecidea petraea f. concreta (Ach.) Nyl. nom. rejic., Lecidea petraea var. geminata (Körb.) Boistel, Patellaria concreta (Ach.) Müll. Arg. nom. rejic., Rhizocarpon concretum (Ach.) Zahlbr. nom. rejic., Rhizocarpon concretum f. geminatum (Körb.) Vain., Rhizocarpon montagnei f. geminatum (Körb.) Arnold, Rhizocarpon petraeum var. concretum (Ach.) Boistel, Rhizocarpon petraeum var. geminatum (Körb.) Boistel]
[Buellia geographica Räsänen, Diplotomma geographicum (L.) Jatta, Lecidea atrovirens var. geographica (L.) Ach., Lecidea geographica (L.) Rebent., Lecidea geographica f. conglomerata Fr., Lecidea geographica f. geographica (L.) Rebent., Lecidea geographica f. sorediata Croz., Lecidea geographica f. subcinerascens Nyl., Lecidea geographica f. urceolata Schaer., Lecidea geographica var. albohypothallina Maheu & Werner, Lecidea geographica var. contigua Schaer., Lecidea geographica var. cyanodes Nyl., Lecidea geographica var. cyclopica Nyl., Lecidea geographica var. geographica (L.) Rebent., Lecidea geographica var. pulverulenta Schaer., Leproncus geographicus (L.) A. St.-Hil., Lichen geographicus L., Patellaria geographica (L.) Duby, Rhizocarpon diabasicum Räsänen, Rhizocarpon diabasicum f. diabasicum Räsänen, Rhizocarpon diabasicum f. smaragdina Räsänen, Rhizocarpon geographicum f. geographicum (L.) DC., Rhizocarpon geographicum f. urceolatum (Schaer.) Körb., Rhizocarpon geographicum subsp. arcticum (Runemark) Hertel, Rhizocarpon geographicum subsp. diabasicum (Räsänen) Poelt & V?zda, Rhizocarpon geographicum subsp. frigidum (Räsänen) Hertel, Rhizocarpon geographicum subsp. kittilense (Räsänen) R. Sant., Rhizocarpon geographicum subsp. lindsayanum (Räsänen) R. Sant., Rhizocarpon geographicum subsp. prospectans (Räsänen) D. Hawksw. & Sowter, Rhizocarpon geographicum var. urceolatum, Rhizocarpon kittilense Räsänen, Rhizocarpon lindsayanum subsp. kittilense (Räsänen) Runemark, Rhizocarpon prospectans Räsänen, Rhizocarpon riparium subsp. lindsayanum (Räsänen) J.W. Thomson, Rhizocarpon semilecanorinum var. atlanticum Räsänen, Rhizocarpon tinei subsp. arcticum Runemark, Rhizocarpon tinei subsp. diabasicum (Räsänen) Runemark, Rhizocarpon tinei subsp. frigidum (Räsänen) Runemark, Rhizocarpon tinei subsp. prospectans (Räsänen) Runemark, Rhizocarpon tinei subsp. vulgare Runemark, Rhizocarpon urceolatum (Schaer.) Räsänen, Urceolaria geographica (L.) Link, Verrucaria geographica (L.) F.H. Wigg.]
[Diplotomma grande (Flörke ex Flot.) Jatta, Lecidea petraea f. grande Flörke ex Flot.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Buellia petraea var grandis
[Biatora hochstetteri (Körb.) G. Merr., Buellia atroalba (Ach.) Th. Fr., Buellia colludens (Nyl.) Arnold, Buellia colludens var. colludens (Nyl.) Arnold, Buellia colludens var. triseptata M. Knowles ex Ch. Porter, Buellia hochstetteri (Körb.) Mong., Catillaria colludens (Nyl.) Jatta, Catillaria hochstetteri Körb., Catocarpus hochstetteri (Körb.) Oxner, Lecidea colludens Nyl., Lecidea hochstetteri (Körb.) Vain., Lecidea hochstetteri f. hochstetteri (Körb.) Vain., Lecidea hochstetteri f. incrassata Vain., Rhizocarpon colludens (Nyl.) Fryday, Rhizocarpon colludens var. colludens (Nyl.) Fryday, Rhizocarpon colludens var. rufoatrum, Rhizocarpon massalongoi f. colludens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Buellia atroalba auct., B. colludens, Lecidea colludens, Rhizocarpon colludens
[Catocarpus inarense (Vain.) Mereschk., Lecidea inarensis Vain.]
[Lecidea infernula Nyl., Rhizocarpon infernulum f. infernulum (Nyl.) Lynge]
source: Fryday (2002)
[Buellia lavata (Ach.) Mong., Lecidea lavata Ach., Lecidea lavata f. ferrata Nyl., Lecidea lavata f. lavata Ach., Rhizocarpon obscuratum f. lavatum (Fr.) Th. Fr., Rhizocarpon petraeum var. lavatum (Ach. ex Fr.) Körb.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Buellia geographica var. lecanorina
[Leciographa malenconiana Llimona & Werner]
source: McCune & Ponzetti (2005)
[Aspicilia oederi (Ach.) A. Massal., Biatora oederi (Weber) Hepp, Buellia oederi (Weber) Rostr., Diplotomma oederi (Weber) Jatta, Lecidea oederi Ach., Lichen oederi Weber, Patellaria oederi (Ach.) Trevis., Rhizocarpon petraeum var. oederi (Weber) Körb., Urceolaria oederi (Ach.) Schaer., Verrucaria oederi (Weber) Hoffm.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Buellia oederi
[Buellia excentrica (Ach.) Eckfeldt, Buellia petraea (Wulfen) Branth. & Rostr., Buellia petraea f. albinea Tuck., Buellia petraea f. petraea (Wulfen) Branth. & Rostr., Diplotomma excentricum (Ach.) Jatta, Diplotomma petraeum (Wulfen) Jatta, Lecidea excentrica (Ach.) Röhl., Lecidea perluta Nyl., Lecidea petraea (Wulfen) Ach., Lecidea petraea f. petraea (Wulfen) Ach., Lecidea petraea var. atrocaesia Nyl., Lecidea petraea var. excentrica Ach., Lecidea petraea var. globulata Ach., Lecidea petraea var. intumescens Flörke, Lecidea petraea var. neo-zelandica C. Knight, Lecidea petraea var. neozelandica C. Knight, Lecidea petraea var. petraea (Wulfen) Ach., Lichen petraeus Wulfen, Lichen petraeus var. petraeus Wulfen, Patellaria petraea (Wulfen) DC., Rhizocarpon concentricum var. excentricum (Ach.) P. Syd., Rhizocarpon excentricum (Ach.) Arnold, Rhizocarpon perlutum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Siegertia petraea (Wulfen) V. Wirth, Verrucaria petraea (Wulfen) Hoffm.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Buellia petraea
[Buellia atroalbella (Nyl.) Mong., Buellia badioatra var. atroalbella (Nyl.) Mudd, Buellia badioatra var. atrobadia (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Lecidea atroalba var. atroalbella Nyl., Lecidea atroalbella (Nyl.) Nyl., Lecidea atrobadia Nyl., Lecidea confervoides var. polycarpa Hepp]
[Lecidea postuma Nyl., Lecidea postuma f. postuma Nyl., Lecidea postuma f. tetramera Vain.]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens.
source: McCune et al. (2016)
[Rhizocarpon obscuratum f. reductum (Th. Fr.) Schade, Rhizocarpon obscuratum var. reductum (Th. Fr.) Eitner]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens.
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Buellia rittokensis
[Rhizocarpon plicatile (Leighton) A. L. Sm.]
source: Fryday (2000)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Buellia saurina W.A. Weber]
source: Bungartz & Fryday (2004)
[Buellia simillima Anzi, Catocarpus simillimus (Anzi) Arnold, Lecidea simillima (Anzi) Stizenb.]
source: McCune (2017)
[Lecidea submodesta Vain.]
[Buellia bolanderi var. sulphurosum Tuck.]
source: Lendemer et al. (2010)
source: MacDonald et al. (2011)
[Rhizocarpon crystalligeneum]
source: Ihlen & Fryday (2002)
[Diplotomma umbilicatum (Ramond) Jatta, Lecidea umbilicata Ramond, Siegertia umbilicata (Ramond) V. Wirth]
[Buellia viridiatra (Wulfen) H. Olivier, Diplotomma viridiatrum (Wulfen) Jatta, Lecidea geographica var. sphaerica Schaer., Lichen viridiater Wulfen, Rhizocarpon geographicum var. sphaericum (Schaer.) Mudd]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens.
[Lecanora chrysoleuca (Sm.) Ach., Lecanora chrysoleuca f. chrysoleuca (Sm.) Ach., Lecanora chrysoleuca f. exsulans Th. Fr., Lecanora chrysoleuca var. chrysoleuca (Sm.) Ach., Lecanora chrysoleuca var. melanophthalma Th. Fr., Lecanora chrysoleuca var. opaca Ach., Lecanora rubina (Hoffm.) Ach., Lecanora rubina f. rubina (Hoffm.) Ach., Lecanora rubina var. australis Poelt, Lecanora rubina var. rubina (Hoffm.) Ach., Lichen chrysoleucus Sm., Lichen rubinus Vill., Lobaria chrysoleuca (Sm.) Raeusch., Lobaria rubina (Vill.) Räuschel, Omphalodina rubina (Vill.) M. Choisy, Omphalodium rubinum (Vill.) Minx, Parmelia chrysoleuca (Sm.) Ach., Parmelia rubina (Vill.) Schaer., Parmularia rubina (Vill.) B. de Lesd., Patellaria rubina (Vill.) Spreng., Placodium chrysoleucum (Sm.) Link, Placodium rubinum (Vill.) Müll. Arg., Placodium rubinum var. melanophthalmum (Ramond) Oxner, Placodium rubinum var. rubinum (Vill.) Müll. Arg., Placolecanora chrysoleuca (Sm.) Kopach., Placolecanora rubina (Vill.) Savicz, Psoroma chrysoleucum (Sm.) Flagey, Squamaria chrysoleuca (Sm.) Duby, Squamaria rubina (Vill.) Hoffm.]
[Harpidium glaucophanum (Hasse) Hasse, Lecanora glaucophana Hasse]
[Lecanora haydenii Tuck.]
source: McCune & Rosentreter (2007)
source: McCune & Rosentreter (2007)
[Lecanora marginalis Hasse]
[Lecanora melanophthalma (DC.) Ramond]
source: McCune & Rosentreter (2007)
source: McCune & Rosentreter (2007)
[Lecanora nigromarginata H. Magn.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora novomexicana H. Magn.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora opiniconensis Brodo]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora phaedrophthalma Poelt, Lecanora phaedrophthalma var. christoi (W.A. Weber) B.D. Ryan]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Squamaria chrysoleuca var. subdiscrepans Nyl.]
[Lecanora weberi B.D. Ryan]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich & Etayo (2004a)
[Skyttea cruciata Sherwood, D. Hawksw. & Coppins]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Llimoniella neglecta (Vain.) Triebel & Rambold, Nesolechia neglecta Vain.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich & Etayo (2000)
[Geltingia stereocaulorum Alstrup & D. Hawksw., Llimoniella stereocaulorum (Alstrup & D. Hawksw.) Hafellner]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2010)
source: Coppins & Fryday (2006a)
[Aspicilia badioatra Kremp., Aspicilia bockii (Rodig. ex Fr.) Boistel, Aspicilia contracta (Th. Fr.) Hue, Catolechia badioatra (Kremp.) A. Massal., Lecanora badioatra Hepp, Lecanora bockii f. contractula Th. Fr., Lecanora contracta (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr., Lecidea badioatra (Kremp.) Arnold, Lecidea badioatra var. badioatra Flörke ex Spreng., Lecidea badioatra var. gerlachei Vain., Lecidea contracta (Th. Fr.) Arnold, Lecidea illita Nyl., Mosigia illita (Nyl.) R. Sant., Parmelia bockii Fr.]
[Lecanora bockii (Fr.) Rodrig., Lecanora bockii f. bockii (Fr.) Rabenh., Mosigia gibbosa (Ach.) Fr. ex A. Massal., Pyrenotea gibbosa (Ach.) A. Massal., Urceolaria gibbosa Ach., Urceolaria gibbosa var. amphibola Ach., Urceolaria gibbosa var. gibbosa Ach., Zeora gibbosa (Ach.) Flot., Zeora gibbosa var. gibbosa (Ach.) Flot., Zeora gibbosa var. squamata Flot.]
[Lecidea limborina (Nyl.) Lamy, Lecidea subgyratula Nyl., Lecidea trochodes (Taylor ex Leight.) Cromb., Lecidea trochodes f. nigrita Th. Fr., Lecidea trochodes f. trochodes (Taylor ex Leight.) Cromb., Lecidea trochodes var. euopsides Vain., Lecidea trochodes var. hardangeriana Vain. ex Hav., Lecidea trochodes var. limborina (Nyl.) Vain., Lecidea trochodes var. subgyratula (Nyl.) Vain., Lecidea trochodes var. trochodes (Taylor ex Leight.) Cromb., Opegrapha saxigena var. trochodes Taylor ex Leight.]
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