Consortium of Lichen Herbaria
- building a Global Consortium of Bryophytes and Lichens as keystones of cryptobiotic communities -
Lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental US & Canada (Version 24)
Taxa explicitly excluded: Erroneous reports of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi from North America (version #24)
Citation: This version (Version #24, 10 December 2021) of the checklist is being simultaneously published online by North Dakota State University, and in Opuscula Philolichenum 20: 100-394.
Locality: Continental United States of America and Canada
Abstract:
Version 24 of the checklist of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi occurring in North America north of Mexico is presented. It includes a total of 5,823 total species in 805 genera, with an additional 38 subspecies, 51 varieties, and 3 forms. The total species number includes 670 lichenicolous fungi (*), 113 saprophytic fungi related to lichens or to lichenicolous fungi (+), and another 96 species of varying and/or uncertain biological status (#).
Discrepancies of taxon numbers between the original list and the list in the Consortium are a result of different taxonomies (some species names are considered synonyms by the taxonomic thesaurus of the Lichen Consortium; some genus names are not accepted by the original Esslinger Checklist).
Please click here to download the Reference List as a PDF.
Notes: The original checklist and its previous versions is available online at this website of North Dakota State University. This version in the Lichen Consortium is based on a file parsed from the online checklist.
Families: 180
Genera: 825
Species: 5773
Total Taxa: 5811
[Involucrothele disjuncta (Arnold) Servít]
source: McCune et al. (2014b)
[Gyalideopsis floridae Etayo & Diederich]
source: Etayo & Diederich (2001)
[Ingaderia troglodytica Feige & Lumbsch, Lecanactis delimis (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Lecanactis grumulosa (Dufour) Fr., Lecanactis grumulosa var. grumulosa (Dufour) Fr., Lecanactis grumulosa var. monstrosa (Bagl.) Egea & Torrente, Lecanactis gumulosa var. monstrosa (Bagl.) Grummann, Lecanactis hemisphaerica J.R. Laundon, Lecanactis mirifica (Stirt.) A.L. Sm., Lecanactis monstrosa Bagl., Lecanactis monstrosa subsp. doerfleri (Zahlbr.) Lettau, Lecanactis monstrosa subsp. monstrosa Bagl., Lecanactis monstrosa var. grumulosa (Dufour) Lettau, Lecanactis monstrosa var. monstrosa Bagl., Lecanactis nothiza (Nyl.) P. James, Lecanographa grumulosa (Dufour) Egea & Torrente, Lecanographa hemisphaerica (J.R. Laundon) Egea & Torrente, Lecidea delimis Nyl., Opegrapha grumulosa Dufour, Opegrapha grumulosa f. grumulosa Dufour, Opegrapha grumulosa f. rosea Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Opegrapha grumulosa var. arthonioidea Nyl., Opegrapha grumulosa var. dirinaria Nyl., Opegrapha grumulosa var. grumulosa Dufour, Opegrapha grumulosa var. platycarpa Nyl., Opegrapha grumulosa var. rubescens Faurel, Ozenda & Schotter, Opegrapha grumulosa var. thelopsisocia B. de Lesd., Opegrapha mirifica Stirt., Opegrapha nothiza Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), significant change since the previous checklist version
[Phyllopsora labriformis Timdal]
significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Kistenich et al. (2018)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Dillman (2010)
[Nectria oropensis Ces., Paranectria oropensis subsp. parviseptata M.S. Cole & D. Hawksw.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Chiodecton ochroleucum Zahlbr., Platygrapha plurilocularis Zahlbr., Schismatomma pluriloculare Zahlbr.]
source: Ertz & Tehler (2011)
source: Hodkinson et al. (2010)
[Parmelia saxatilis subsp. fraudans Nyl.]
source: Molina et al. (2016)
source: Molina et al. (2011)
[Imbricaria omphalodes (L.) Jatta, Lichen omphalodes L., Parmelia omphalodes f. caesiopruinosa Nyl. ex Norrl., Parmelia omphalodes f. glomulifera (Cromb.) Cromb., Parmelia omphalodes f. subconcentrica Cromb., Parmelia omphalodes var. glomulifera (Cromb.) Wheldon & A. Wilson, Parmelia omphalodes var. panniformis Ach., Parmelia saxatilis f. glomulifera Cromb., Parmelia saxatilis f. panniformis Cromb., Parmelia saxatilis var. omphalodes (L.) Fr., Parmotrema omphalodes (L.) M. Choisy, Parmotrema omphalodes var. omphalodes (L.) M. Choisy, Parmotrema omphalodes var. panniformis (Ach.) M. Choisy, Parmotrema omphalodes var. pinniformis (Ach.) M. Choisy, Psora omphalodes (L.) Baumg.]
source: Crespo et al. (2004)
[Geissodea saxatilis (L.) J. St.-Hil., Imbricaria saxatilis (L.) Körb., Imbricaria saxatilis f. nigrescens Britzelm., Imbricaria saxatilis f. saxatilis (L.) Körb., Imbricaria saxatilis var. omphalodes (L.) Körb., Imbricaria saxatilis var. saxatilis (L.) Körb., Lichen laciniatus var. saxatilis (L.) Weiss, Lichen saxatilis L., Parmelia quercina f. furfuracea (Schaer.) Zahlbr., Parmelia saxatilis f. caesiopruinosa Nyl. ex Cromb., Parmelia saxatilis f. furfuracea Schaer., Parmelia saxatilis var. aizonii Delise ex Duby, Parmelia saxatilis var. furfuracea (Schaer.) Linds., Parmelia saxatilis var. panniformis, Parmotrema saxatile (L.) M. Choisy, Parmotrema saxatile var. aizoni (Delise) M. Choisy, Parmotrema saxatile var. saxatile (L.) M. Choisy, Platysma saxatile (L.) Frege]
[Parmelia saxatilis var. leucochroa Wallr., Parmelia sulcata var. laevis Nyl., Parmotrema sulcatum (Taylor) M. Choisy, Parmotrema sulcatum var. contorta (Bory) M. Choisy, Parmotrema sulcatum var. pruinosa (Harm.) M. Choisy, Parmotrema sulcatum var. sulcatum (Taylor) M. Choisy]
source: Molina et al. (2016)
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
[Lecidea pannosa (Sw.) Ach., Lichen pannosus Sw., Pannaria mariana var. pannosa (Sw.) Hue, Pannaria pannosa (Sw.) Nyl., Parmelia pannosa (Sw.) Sw., Parmeliella pannosa var. pannosa (Sw.) Müll. Arg.]
[Amphiloma triptophyllum (Ach.) Hepp, Biatora triptophylla (Ach.) Fr., Heterothecium triptophyllum (Ach.) Flot., Lecanora triptophylla (Ach.) Link, Lecidea triptophylla Ach., Lecidea triptophylla var. caesia Schaer., Lecidea triptophylla var. triptophylla Ach., Lepidoma triptophyllum (Ach.) Gray, Pannaria triptophylla (Ach.) A. Massal., Pannaria triptophylla f. incrassata Nyl., Pannaria triptophylla f. luxurians Vain., Pannaria triptophylla f. triptophylla (Ach.) A. Massal., Pannularia triptophylla (Ach.) Nyl., Parmelia triptophylla (Ach.) Fr., Parmeliella corallinoides f. incrassata (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Parmeliella corallinoides var. triptophylla (Ach.) Gyeln., Trachyderma triptophyllum (Ach.) Norman]
source: Argüello et al. 2007a, (2007b)
source: Nelson et al. (2013)
[Canoparmelia amazonica (Nyl.) Elix & Hale, Parmelia amazonica Nyl., Pseudoparmelia amazonica (Nyl.) Hale]
significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Rodrigues et al. (2021)
[Canoparmelia salacinifera (Hale) Elix & Hale, Parmelia salacinifera Hale, Pseudoparmelia salacinifera (Hale) Hale]
significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Rodrigues et al. (2021)
[Foraminella ambigua (Hoffm.) S.L.F. Mey., Lichen ambiguus Wulfen nom. illegit., Lichen ambiguus var. albescens Wahlenb., Lichen ambiguus var. ambiguus Wulfen nom. illegit., Lobaria ambigua (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Parmelia ambigua (Hoffm.) Ach., Parmelia conspersa var. ambigua Zahlbr., Parmelia viridosoredians Elix, Placodium ambiguum (Hoffm.) Frege, Squamaria ambigua Hoffm.]
source: Hinds & Hinds (1998)
source: McCarthy et al. (2012)
[Foraminella hyperopta (Ach.) S.L.F. Fricke-Meyer, Imbricaria aleurites var. hyperopta (Ach.) Jatta, Imbricaria hyperopta (Ach.) Körb., Parmelia hyperopta Ach., Parmelia hyperopta var. angustifolia Hillmann, Parmelia hyperopta var. hyperopta Ach., Parmeliopsis diffusa (Körb.) Poetsch, Parmeliopsis diffusa f. albidula Gyeln., Parmeliopsis diffusa f. albosorediata (Gyeln.) Gyeln., Parmeliopsis diffusa f. angustifolia (Hillmann) Gyeln., Parmeliopsis diffusa f. diffusa (Körb.) Poetsch, Parmeliopsis diffusa f. fuscisorediata (Gyeln.) Gyeln., Parmeliopsis diffusa f. roseola Gyeln., Parmeliopsis diffusa var. diffusa (Körb.) Poetsch, Parmeliopsis diffusa var. evanescenti-virens Gyeln., Parmeliopsis diffusa var. obsessa (Ach.) Zahlbr., Parmeliopsis hyperopta f. hyperopta (Ach.) Vain., Parmeliopsis hyperopta var. hyperopta (Ach.) Vain.]
[Foraminella subambigua (Gyeln.) S.L.F. Mey.]
[Imbricaria nilgherrensis Arnold, Parmelia arnoldii Du Rietz, Parmelia arnoldii f. arnoldii Du Rietz, Parmelia arnoldii f. pallescens Asahina, Parmelia arnoldii f. subpallecsens Kurok., Parmelia subarnoldii Abbayes, Parmotrema subarnoldii (Abbayes) Hale]
[Parmelia austrosinensis Zahlbr.]
[Parmelia cetrata Ach., Parmelia cetrata f. cetrata Ach., Parmelia cetrata var. cetrata Ach., Parmelia perforata subsp. cetrata (Ach.) Tuck., Parmelia perforata var. cetrata (Ach.) Fr., Rimelia cetrata (Ach.) Hale & Fletcher]
source: Blanco et al. (2005)
[Parmelia commensurata Hale, Rimelia commensurata (Hale) Hale & Fletcher]
[Canomaculina conferenda (Hale) Elix, Rimeliella conferenda (Hale) Kurok.]
[Imbricaria crinita (Ach.) Arnold, Imbricaria proboscidea (Taylor) Jatta, Parmelia chlorocarpa Müll. Arg., Parmelia crinita Ach., Parmelia crinita var. crinita Ach., Parmelia crinita var. inactiva H. Magn., Parmelia perforata subsp. crinita (Ach.) Tuck., Parmelia perlata f. dissectula Nyl., Parmelia proboscidea Taylor, Parmelia proboscidea f. bulbifera Hue, Parmelia proboscidea f. proboscidea Taylor, Parmelia proboscidea f. sorediifera (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Parmelia proboscidea var. corallina Müll.Arg., Parmelia proboscidea var. eciliata J.D. Zhao, Parmelia proboscidea var. ornatula Zahlbr., Parmelia proboscidea var. proboscidea Taylor, Parmelia proboscidea var. saxicola Sambo, Parmelia proboscidea var. sorediifera Müll.Arg., Parmotrema crinita (Ach.) M. Choisy]
[Parmelia cristifera Taylor, Parmelia cristifera f. cinerata Zahlbr., Parmelia cristifera f. cristifera Taylor, Parmelia cristifera f. pallida Räsänen, Parmelia cristifera var. abissinica Sambo, Parmelia cristifera var. cristifera Taylor, Parmelia perforata var. ulophylla Meyen & Flot.]
source: Kurokawa (2001)
[Parmelia diffractaica Essl., Rimelia diffractaica (Essl.) Hale & Fletcher]
[Parmelia dilatata Vain.]
[Parmelia dominicana Vain.]
[Parmelia endosulphurea (Hillmann) Hale, Parmelia tinctoria var. endosulphurea Hillmann]
[Parmelia eurysaca Hue]
[Parmelia gardneri C.W. Dodge]
[Parmelia hababiana Gyeln.]
[Canomaculina haitiensis (Hale) Elix, Parmelia haitiensis Hale, Parmelia perlata f. aspera (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Parmelia proboscidea var. aspera Müll.Arg., Rimeliella haitiensis (Hale) Elix]
[Parmelia herrei Zahlbr.]
source: Marcelli et al. (2011)
[Parmelia hypoleucina J. Steiner]
[Imbricaria hypotropa (Nyl.) Jatta, Parmelia hypotropa Nyl., Parmelia perforata var. hypotropa (Nyl.) Tuck.]
[Parmelia internexa Nyl.]
[Parmelia louisianae Hale]
[Parmelia margaritata Hue]
[Parmelia mellissii C.W. Dodge]
[Parmelia mordenii Hale]
[Canomaculina neotropica (Kurok.) Elix, Rimeliella neotropica (Kurok.) Kurok.]
[Imbricaria perforata (Wulfen) Körb., Lichen perforatus Jacq., Lobaria perforata (Wulfen) Michx., Parmelia erecta E. C. Berry, Parmelia hypotropoides Nyl. ex Willey, Parmelia perforata (Jacq.) Ach., Parmelia perforata f. integra Kremp., Parmelia perforata var. microspora Räsänen, Parmelia perforata var. replicata Meyen & Flot., Parmelia perforata var. santiagoënsis Räsänen, Parmelia perlata var. perforata (Jacq.) Koltz, Parmotrema perforata (Jacq.) A. Massal., Platisma perforatum (Wulfen) Hoffm.]
[Imbricaria ciliata (DC.) Arnold, Imbricaria perlata (Huds.) Körb., Imbricaria perlata var. excrescens Arnold, Imbricaria perlata var. perlata (Huds.) Körb., Lichen perlatus Huds., Lobaria perlata (Huds.) Hoffm., Parmelia coniocarpa Laurer, Parmelia perlata (Huds.) Ach., Parmelia perlata f. corallina (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Parmelia perlata f. perlata (Huds.) Ach., Parmelia perlata f. soralifera Woron. & Pachunoff{?}, Parmelia perlata f. sorediifera Müll.Arg., Parmelia perlata subsp. cetrata (Ach.) Boistel, Parmelia perlata var. ciliata (DC.) Duby, Parmelia perlata var. flavogranulosa Vain., Parmelia perlata var. munda Harm., Parmelia perlata var. perlata (Huds.) Ach., Parmelia perlata var. platyloba Müll.Arg., Parmelia perlata var. rubescens Th. Fr., Parmelia perlata var. sorediata Schaer., Parmelia perlata var. subrevoluta Müll.Arg., Parmelia perlata var. tentaculata Wallr., Parmelia trichotera Hue, Parmelia trichotera f. munda (Harm.) Harm., Parmelia trichotera f. subnuda Erichsen, Parmelia trichotera f. trichotera Hue, Parmelia trichotera var. plombii B. de Lesd., Parmelia trichotera var. subincana Maheu & A. Gillet, Parmelia trichotera var. trichotera Hue, Parmotrema perlatum var. ciliata (DC.) M. Choisy, Parmotrema perlatum var. perlatum (Huds.) M. Choisy, Parmotrema trichotera (Hue) M. Choisy, Platysma perlatum (Huds.) Frege]
[Parmelia praesorediosa Nyl.]
[Parmelia rampoddensis Nyl., Parmelia subinvoluta Hale]
[Canomaculina leucosemotheta (Hue) Elix, Parmelia ciliata (DC.) Nyl., Parmelia concors Kremp., Parmelia laevigata var. reticulata (Taylor) Linds., Parmelia leucosemotheta Hue, Parmelia leucosemotheta f. isidiata Hue, Parmelia leucosemotheta f. leucosemotheta Hue, Parmelia macquariensis C.W. Dodge, Parmelia perforata f. perforata (Wulfen) Ach., Parmelia perforata var. ciliata Nyl., Parmelia perforata var. perforata (Wulfen) Ach., Parmelia pseudovirens Gyeln., Parmelia reticulata Taylor, Parmelia reticulata f. nuda Hue, Parmelia reticulata f. reticulata Taylor, Parmelia reticulata var. corniculata Abbayes, Parmelia reticulata var. discedens Hillmann, Parmelia reticulata var. reticulata Taylor, Parmelia urceolata var. sorediifera Müll.Arg., Parmelia urceolata var. subcetrata Müll.Arg., Parmelia virens var. sorediata Müll.Arg., Parmotrema leucosemothetum (Hue) Hale, Parmotrema pseudovirens (Gyeln.) Elix, Rimelia reticulata (Taylor) Hale & Fletcher]
[Parmelia rubifaciens Hale]
[Parmelia simulans Hale, Rimelia simulans (Hale) Hale & Fletcher]
[Parmelia claudelii (Harm.) Vain., Parmelia claudelii var. claudelii (Harm.) Vain., Parmelia claudelii var. clemensiae Vain., Parmelia maxima Hue, Parmelia perforata var. claudelii Harm., Parmelia stuppea Taylor, Parmelia trichotera var. claudelii (Harm.) Du Rietz, Parmotrema claudelii (Harm.) M. Choisy]
[Parmelia cetrata var. subisidiosa Müll. Arg., Rimelia subisidiosa (Müll. Arg.) Hale & Fletcher]
[Lobaria submarginale Michx., Parmelia epiclada Hale, Parmelia michauxiana Zahlbr., Parmelia submarginalis (Wulfen) Ach., Parmotrema michauxianum (Zahlbr.) Hale]
source: DePriest & Hale (1998)
source: Egan et al. (2005)
[Canomaculina subsumpta (Nyl.) Elix, Parmelia subsumpta Nyl., Rimeliella subsumpta (Nyl.) Kurok.]
[Canomaculina subtinctoria (Zahlbr.) Elix, Parmelia subtinctoria Zahlbr., Parmelia virens f. isidiosa Müll.Arg., Parmotrema subcrinitum (Nyl.) Hale ined., Rimelia subtinctoria (Zahlbr.) Kurok., Rimeliella subtinctoria (Zahlbr.) Kurok.]
[Parmelia brisbanensis Stirt., Parmelia sulphurata Nees & Flot.]
[Lichen chinensis Osbeck, Parmelia tinctorum Despr. ex Nyl., Parmotrema chinense (Osbeck) Hale & Ahti, Parmotrema tinctorium (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale]
[Canomaculina ultralucens (Krog) Elix & J.B. Chen, Parmelia subcrinita Nyl., Parmelia ultralucens Krog]
source: Seavey & Seavey (2012)
[Parmelia aberrans (Vain.) Abbayes, Parmelia caperata var. madagascariacea Hue, Parmelia chrysantha Tuck., Parmelia madagascariacea (Hue) Abbayes, Parmelia nyasensis C.W. Dodge, Parmelia perlata var. xanthina (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb., Parmelia proboscidea var. xanthina Müll. Arg., Parmelia xanthina (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Parmelia xanthina f. aberrans Vain., Parmelia xanthina f. isidiosa Müll. Arg., Parmelia xanthina f. xanthina (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Parmelia xanthina var. xanthina (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Parmotrema aberrans (Vain.) des Abbayes, Parmotrema madagascariaceum (Hue) Hale, Parmotrema nyasense (C.W. Dodge) R.S. Egan nom. illegit.]
[Parmelia latissima var. corniculata Kremp., Parmelia zollingeri Hepp]
uncertain for North America (Lendemer & Harris 2016)
[Parmelia antillensis Nyl., Parmelia blastica Vain., Parmelina antillensis (Nyl.) Hale]
source: Arup et al. (2015)
[Caloplaca jungermanniae var. subolivacea Th. Fr., Caloplaca subolivacea (Th. Fr.) Lynge, Caloplaca tiroliensis Zahlbr.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Cole & D. Hawksworth (2001)
[Thyrea pyrenoides (Nyl.) Fink]
source: Knudsen et al. (2017)
source: Knudsen et al. (2017)
source: McCune (2017)
[Omphalaria kansana Tuck.]
source: McCune et al. (2014b)
[Placynthium subnigrum B. de Lesd., Synalissa subnigra (B. de Lesd.) Henssen]
[Synalissa texana Tuck.]
source: Tretiach & Schultz (2007)
[Amphiloma plumbeum (Lightf.) Hepp, Biatora plumbea (Lightf.) Mont., Coccocarpia plumbea (Lightf.) Müll. Stuttg., Degelia plumbea (Lightf.) P.M. Jørg. & P. James, Imbricaria plumbea (Lightf.) DC., Lichen plumbeus Lightf., Pannaria plumbea (Lightf.) Bory, Pannaria plumbea f. plumbea (Lightf.) Bory, Pannaria plumbea var. cyanoloma (Schaer.) Malbr., Pannaria plumbea var. myriocarpa Delise, Pannaria plumbea var. plumbea (Lightf.) Bory, Pannularia plumbea (Lightf.) Harm., Parmelia plumbea (Lightf.) Ach., Parmelia plumbea var. cyanoloma Schaer., Parmelia plumbea var. plumbea (Lightf.) Ach., Parmeliella plumbea (Lightf.) Vain., Parmeliella plumbea var. cyanoloma (Schaer.) Zahlbr., Parmeliella plumbea var. plumbea (Lightf.) Vain., Patellaria plumbea (Lightf.) Wallr., Patinella plumbea (Lightf.) Sacc., Placodium plumbeum (Lightf.) Hook., Placolecis plumbea (Lightf.) Trevis., Trachyderma plumbeum (Lightf.) Norman, Zeora plumbea (Lightf.) Flot.]
[Chloropeltigera aphthosa (L.) Gyeln., Lichen aphthosus L., Peltidea aphthosa (L.) Ach., Peltidea aphthosa f. aphthosa (L.) Ach., Peltidea aphthosa f. crispa Vain., Peltidea aphthosa var. aphthosa (L.) Ach., Peltidea aphthosa var. verrucosa Ach.]
[Peltigera hydrothyria var. aquatica (Miadl. & Lendemer) McCune]
source: Miadlikowska et al. (2014b)
[Peltidea variolosa f. britannica Gyeln., Peltigera aphthosa f. britannica (Gyeln.) Zahlbr., Peltigera variolosa f. britannica Gyeln.]
[Dermatodea canina (L.) A. St.-Hil., Lichen caninus L., Lichen caninus var. caninus L., Lichen caninus var. pellucidus Weber, Peltidea canina (L.) Ach., Peltidea canina var. canina (L.) Ach., Peltidea leucorrhiza Flörke, Deutsche Lich. 8: 10 (1821), Peltidea ulorrhiza Flörke, Peltidea ulorrhiza var. ulorrhiza Flörke, Peltigera canina f. leucorrhiza (Flörke) Flörke, Peltigera canina var. ulorrhiza (Flörke) Schaer. nom. illegit., Peltophora canina (L.) Clem., Pulmonaria terrestris Bory nom. illegit.]
source: Goffinet et al. (2003)
source: Goward & Goffinet (2000)
[Lichen collinus Ach., Peltidea collina (Ach.) Röhl., Peltidea horizontalis var. collina (Ach.) Wahlenb., Peltidea polydactylon var. collina (Ach.) Sommerf., Peltidea rufescens var. collina (Ach.) Ach., Peltidea scutata var. collina (Ach.) Gyeln., Peltigera aphthosa var. collina (Ach.) Wallr., Peltigera polydactylon var. collina (Ach.) Sommerf., Peltigera scutata var. collina (Ach.) Duby, Bot. Gall., Edn 2 (Paris) 2: 598 (1830)]
[Peltigera canina f. nitens Anders, Peltigera degenii f. nitens (Anders) Oxner, Peltigera degenii var. nitens (Anders) Trass, Peltigera nitens (Anders) Gyeln., Peltigera nitens f. nitens (Anders) Gyeln., Peltigera praetextata var. nitens (Anders) Szatala]
[Lichen spurius Ach., Peltidea canina var. spuria (Ach.) DC., Peltidea erumpens Taylor, Peltidea spuria (Ach.) Ach., Peltigera canina subsp. erumpens (Taylor) Vain., Peltigera canina var. erumpens (Taylor) Hue, Peltigera canina var. spuria (Ach.) Schaer., Peltigera erumpens (Taylor) Elenkin, Peltigera erumpens f. densa Gyeln., Peltigera erumpens f. erumpens (Taylor) Lange, Peltigera erumpens f. glabrescens Gyeln., Peltigera erumpens f. hazslinszkyi (Gyeln.) Szatala, Peltigera erumpens f. leptoderma (Nyl.) Schol. ex Lynge, Peltigera erumpens f. scabrida Gyeln., Peltigera erumpens var. erumpens (Taylor) Lange, Peltigera erumpens var. hazslinszkyi (Gyeln.) Oxner, Peltigera erumpens var. leptoderma (Nyl.) Dombr., Peltigera rufescens f. spuria (Ach.) Körb., Peltigera rufescens var. spuria (Ach.) Gyeln., Peltigera spuria (Ach.) DC., Peltigera spuria f. hazslinszkyi (Gyeln.) H. Magn., Peltigera spuria f. sorediata (Schaer.) Grummann, Peltigera spuria f. spuria (Ach.) DC., Peltigera spuria var. calcicola Räsänen, Peltigera spuria var. erumpens (Taylor) Harm., Peltigera spuria var. hazslinszkyi (Gyeln.) Trass, Peltigera spuria var. leptoderma (Nyl.) Frey, Peltigera spuria var. magyarica (Gyeln.) Szatala, Peltigera spuria var. spuria (Ach.) DC., Peltigera spuria var. uluguruensis Vězda]
[Peltigera canina var. extenuata Nyl. ex Vain., Peltigera didactyla var. extenuata (Nyl. ex Vain.) Goffinet & Hastings, Peltigera hazslinszkyi Gyeln.]
source: Goffinet et al. (2003)
source: Vitikainen (2004)
source: Vitikainen (1994)
[Peltigera hydrothyria var. gowardii (Lendemer & O'Brien) McCune]
source: Lendemer & O’Brien (2011)
[Antilyssa horizontalis (Huds.) Choisy, Lichen horizontalis Huds., Lichen horizontalis var. horizontalis Huds., Peltidea horizontalis (Huds.) Ach., Peltidea horizontalis var. horizontalis (Huds.) Ach., Peltigera canina var. horizontalis (Huds.) L. Marchand, Peltigera horizontalis f. muscorum (Schaer.) Zahlb., Peltigera horizontalis var. muscorum Schaer., Peltigera rufescens var. horizontalis (Huds.) Spreng.]
[Hydrothyria fontana Nyl., Hydrothyria venosa J.L. Russell]
source: Miadlikowska & Lutzoni (2000)
[Peltidea hymenina Ach., Peltidea polydactylonis var. hymenina (Ach.) Flot., Peltigera polydactylon f. hymenina (Ach.) Flot., Peltigera polydactylon var. hymenina (Ach.) Flot.]
source: Manoharan-Basil et al (2016)
source: Holtan-Hartwig (2005)
[Peltigera canina var. lepidophora Vain.]
[Chloropeltigera variolosa (A. Massal.) Gyeln., Chloropeltigera variolosa var. leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyeln., Chloropeltigera variolosa var. variolosa (A. Massal.) Gyeln., Peltidea leucophlebia (Nyl.) Räsänen, Peltidea variolosa (A. Massal.) M. Choisy, Peltidea variolosa f. variolosa (A. Massal.) M. Choisy, Peltigera aphthosa f. variolosa A. Massal., Peltigera aphthosa var. leucophlebia Nyl., Peltigera aphthosa var. variolosa A. Massal., Peltigera variolosa (A. Massal.) Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa f. cinerea Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa f. crispa (Vain.) Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa f. dactylodes (Gyeln.) Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa f. dilaceratella (Gyeln.) Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa f. subalba Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa f. variolosa (A. Massal.) Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa var. dactylodes Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa var. digitata Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa var. leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa var. microphyllina Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa var. variolosa (A. Massal.) Gyeln.]
source: Dillman et al. (2012)
[Peltidea canina var. malacea (Ach.) Wahlenb., Peltidea malacea Ach.]
[Peltidea canina var. membranacea Ach., Peltigera canina f. membranacea (Ach.) Duby, Peltigera canina var. membranacea (Ach.) Duby]
source: Vitikainen (2004)
[Peltidea polydactyla var. microcarpa Ach., Peltigera polydactylon f. collina Nyl., Peltigera polydactylon f. microcarpa (Ach.) Mérat, Peltigera polydactylon var. microcarpa (Ach.) Schaer., Peltigera rufescens f. incusa Körb.]
[Peltigera polydactylon var. neopolydactylis Gyeln.]
source: Goffinet & Miadlikowska (1999)
[Lichen caninus var. polydactylon (Neck.) Lightf., Lichen polydactylon Neck., Peltidea polydactyla var. polydactyla (Neck.) Ach., Peltidea polydactylon (Neck.) Ach., Peltigera canina var. polydactylon (Neck.) Branth & Rostr., Peltigera polydactyla (Necker) Hoffm. [orthographic error], Peltigera polydactylon f. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm., Peltigera polydactylon subsp. udeghe Magain, Miadl. & Sérus., Peltigera polydactylon var. major Schaer., Peltigera polydactylon var. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm., Peltigera rufescens var. polydactylon (Neck.) Torss.]
[Lichen caninus var. polydactylon (Neck.) Lightf., Lichen polydactylon Neck., Peltidea polydactyla var. polydactyla (Neck.) Ach., Peltidea polydactylon (Neck.) Ach., Peltigera canina var. polydactylon (Neck.) Branth & Rostr., Peltigera polydactyla (Necker) Hoffm. [orthographic error], Peltigera polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm., Peltigera polydactylon f. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm., Peltigera polydactylon var. major Schaer., Peltigera polydactylon var. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm., Peltigera rufescens var. polydactylon (Neck.) Torss.]
source: Magain et al. (2016)
[Peltidea ulorrhiza var. praetextata Flörke, Peltigera canina subsp. praetextata (Flörke) Vain., Peltigera canina var. praetextata (Flörke) Hue, Peltigera rufescens f. innovans Körb., Peltigera rufescens f. praetextata (Flörke) Oxner, Peltigera rufescens var. lepidophora, Peltigera rufescens var. praetextata (Flörke) Nyl.]
[Lichen caninus var. rufescens Weiss, Lichen rufescens (Weiss) Neck., Peltidea rufescens (Weiss) Ach., Peltidea rufescens var. rufescens (Weiss) Ach., Peltigera canina var. rufescens (Weiss) Mudd]
[Peltigera rufescens var. scabrosa (Th. Fr.) Nyl.]
source: Magain et al. (2016)
source: Vitikainen (2006)
[Lichen venosus L., Peltidea venosa (L.) Ach.]
[Heppia bolanderi (Tuck.) Vain., Pannaria bolanderi Tuck., Pannariella bolanderi (Tuck.) Gyeln.]
[Heppia clavata (Kremp.) Vain., Heterina clavata Kremp.]
[Dermatocarpon euplocum (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Endocarpon euplocum (Ach.) Ach., Heppia euploca (Ach.) Vain., Heppia guepinii (Delise) Nyl., Heppia polyphylla B. de Lesd., Lichen euplocus Ach., Verrucaria euploca (Ach.) Borrer]
source: Büdel & Nash (2002)
[Heppia hassei Zahlbr., Peltula obscurans var. hassei (Zahlbr.) Wetmore]
significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Kauff et al. (2018)
[Acarospora subglebosa (Müll.Arg.) Hue, Endocarpiscum obscurans Nyl., Heppia acarosporoides Müll.Arg., Heppia guepinii var. obscurans (Nyl.) Boistel, Heppia obscurans (Nyl.) Nyl., Heppia subglebosa (Müll. Arg.) I.M. Lamb, Peltula subglebosa (Müll. Arg.) Filson, Placodium subglebosum Müll.Arg.]
[Heppia deserticola Zahlbr.]
[Endocarpiscum omphalizum (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Heppia omphaliza Nyl.]
[Acarospora patellata Bagl., Heppia australiensis Müll.Arg., Heppia leptopholis Nyl. ex Hasse, Heppia patellata (Bagl.) Stizenb., Heppia polyspora Tuck., Heppia terrena Nyl. ex Hasse, Peltula australiensis (Müll. Arg.) Filson]
[Endocarpiscum placodizans (Zahlbr.) Fink, Heppia placodizans Zahlbr., Peltula decorticans (Müll. Arg.) Filson, Placoheppia placodizans (Zahlbr.) Oxner, Pyrenopsidium decorticans Müll.Arg., Solorinaria placodizans (Zahlbr.) Gyeln.]
source: Büdel & Nash (2002)
[Heppia radicata (Nyl.) Vain.]
[Heppia richardsii Herre]
[Dufourea tortuosa Nees, Heppia tortuosa (Nyl.) Vain., Heterina tortuosa Nyl.]
[Heppia zahlbruckneri Hasse]
[Bacidia akompsa (Tuck.) Herre, Biatora akompsa Tuck., Lecanactis akompsa (Tuck.) ined.]
significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Perlmutter et al. (2020)
[Leucogyrophana lichenicola Thorn, Malloch & Ginns]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Thorn et al. (1998)
[Didymosphaeria dannenbergii Stein, Didymosphaeria fuliguncta (Norman) Vain., Didymosphaeria micula (Körb.) Vain., Microthelia fuliguncta Norman, Mycomicrothelia micula (Körb.) V. Wirth]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Aptroot (2002d)
[Microthelia grandiuscula Anzi, Microthelia micula f. grandiuscula (Anzi) Keissl.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Melanotheca superveniens Nyl., Metasphaeria superveniens (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
source: Lendemer et al. (2008a)
source: Lumbsch & Nash (1999)
source: Lumbsch & Nash (1999)
[Parmelia subfusca var. bryontha Ach., Pionospora bryontha (Ach.) Th. Fr.]
[Lecanora carneopallida Nyl., Lecanora protuberans Sommerf., Lecidea carneopallida (Nyl.) Nyl., Pertusaria protuberans (Sommerf.) Th. Fr., Pertusaria protuberans var. disjuneta Erichsen, Pertusaria protuberans var. macrospora Erichsen, Pertusaria protuberans var. protuberans (Sommerf.) Th. Fr.]
[Lecanidium inquinatum (Ach.) M. Choisy, Lecanora coarctata var. inquinata Ach., Pertusaria inquinata (Ach.) Th. Fr., Pertusaria inquinata f. dispersa Erichsen, Pertusaria inquinata f. inquinata (Ach.) Th. Fr., Pertusaria inquinata f. nolens (Nyl.) Boistel, Pertusaria inquinata f. obscurata Th. Fr., Pertusaria inquinata f. subinquinata (J. Steiner) Erichsen, Pertusaria inquinata var. inquinata (Ach.) Th. Fr., Pertusaria inquinata var. karelica Räsänen, Pertusaria inquinata var. personata Th. Fr., Pertusaria inquinata var. sensibilis Erichsen, Pertusaria inquinata var. subinquinata (J. Steiner) J. Steiner, Pertusaria nolens Nyl., Pertusaria nolens var. nolens Nyl., Pertusaria nolens var. obscurata (Th. Fr.) H. Magn., Pertusaria nolens var. personata (Th. Fr.) H. Magn., Pertusaria nolens var. sensibilis (Erichsen) H. Magn.]
[Isidium coccodes (Ach.) Ach., Isidium phymatodes Ach., Isidium phymatodes var. phymatodes Ach., Lichen coccodes Ach., Pertusaria coccodes var. petraea Erichsen, Pertusaria coccodes var. phymatodes (Ach.) Almb., Pertusaria phymatodes (Ach.) Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes f. albocincta Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes f. faginea (Erichsen) Oxner, Pertusaria phymatodes f. ferruginea Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes f. phymatodes (Ach.) Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes f. trichialis (Erichsen) Oxner, Pertusaria phymatodes f. tristicolor Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes var. dissoluta Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes var. faginea Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes var. phymatodes (Ach.) Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes var. trichialis Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes var. zonata Erichsen, Variolaria coccodes (Ach.) Hepp, Variolaria phymatodes (Ach.) Hepp]
source: Tønsberg (1999a)
[Lepra commutata (Mull.Arg) Lendemer & R.C.Harris, Pertusaria commutata Müll.Arg., Variolaria commutata (Müll. Arg.) Lendemer, R.C. Harris & A.M. Ruiz nom. inval.]
[Pertusaria coriacea var. obducens Zahlbr.]
[Lecanora glaucomela Tuck.]
[Porina globularis Ach.]
[Pionospora glomerata (Ach.) Darb., Porina glomerata Ach.]
[Pertusaria hymenea f. glabrescens (Nyl.) Oxner, Pertusaria wulfenii DC., Pertusaria wulfenii f. carnea Fr., Pertusaria wulfenii f. cinerea A. Massal. ex Anzi, Pertusaria wulfenii f. lecanorodes (Erichsen) Almb., Pertusaria wulfenii f. plumbea Harm., Pertusaria wulfenii f. rugosa (Ach.) Almb., Pertusaria wulfenii f. sparsa Erichsen, Pertusaria wulfenii f. sparsilis (Nyl.) Cromb., Pertusaria wulfenii f. tetraspora Almb., Pertusaria wulfenii f. wulfenii DC., Pertusaria wulfenii var. exasperata Erichsen, Pertusaria wulfenii var. glabrata Anzi, Pertusaria wulfenii var. glabrescens Nyl., Pertusaria wulfenii var. lecanorodes (Erichsen) Erichsen, Pertusaria wulfenii var. pleiocarpa Erichsen, Pertusaria wulfenii var. rugosa (Ach.) Nyl., Pertusaria wulfenii var. rupicola Fr., Pertusaria wulfenii var. sorediata J.J. Kickx, Pertusaria wulfenii var. urceolata Erichsen, Pertusaria wulfenii var. variolosa Fr., Pertusaria wulfenii var. wulfenii DC., Thelotrema hymeneum Ach., Thelotrema hymeneum var. carnea Turner, Thelotrema hymeneum var. hymeneum Ach.]
source: Schmitt et al. (2006)
[Pertusaria leucostoma A. Massal., Pertusaria leucostoma f. cryptostoma Erichsen, Pertusaria leucostoma f. leucostoma (Ach.) A. Massal., Pertusaria leucostoma f. variolosa (Müll. Arg.) Erichsen, Pertusaria leucostoma var. areolascens Erichsen, Pertusaria leucostoma var. dehiscens Erichsen, Pertusaria leucostoma var. intermpta Erichsen, Pertusaria leucostoma var. leucostoma (Ach.) A. Massal., Pertusaria leucostoma var. mamillana Erichsen, Porina leucostoma (Ach.) Ach., Thelotrema leucostomum Ach.]
[Melanaria macounii I.M. Lamb, Pertusaria leioterella f. cerostoma Erichsen, Pertusaria leioterella f. leioterella Erichsen, Pertusaria leioterella var. albocincta Erichsen, Pertusaria leioterella var. leioterella Erichsen, Pertusaria leioterella var. major (Müll. Arg.) Erichsen, Pertusaria leioterella var. mendax (Müll. Arg.) Erichsen, Pertusaria leioterella var. nilgherrensis (Müll. Arg.) Erichsen]
source: Lumbsch & Nash (1999)
source: Spribille et al. (2010)
source: Nash et al. (1998)
[Pertusaria neolecanina Lumbsch & Th. Nash]
source: Lendemer et al. (2013)
source: Schmitt et al. (2006)
[Isidium oculatum (Dicks.) Ach., Isidium oculatum var. fastigiatum Turner & Borrer, Isidium oculatum var. oculatum (Dicks.) Ach., Lecanidium oculatum (Dicks.) A. Massal., Lecanora oculata (Dicks.) Ach., Lichen oculatus Dicks., Parmelia oculata (Dicks.) Fr., Pionospora oculata (Dicks.) Darb., Rinodina oculata (Dicks.) Gray]
[Pertusaria shenandoensis Hale & Dibben]
[Pertusaria marginata Nyl., Pertusaria rubescens Erichsen, Pertusaria rubescens var. pallidior Erichsen, Pertusaria rubescens var. rubescens Erichsen, Pertusaria torquata Müll. Arg.]
[Isidium microstictum (Sm.) Turner & Borrer, Isidium westringii (Lilj.) Ach., Lichen ceuthocarpus Sm., Lichen microsticticus Sm., Lichen pseudocorallinus Sw., Lichen westringii Lilj., Pertusaria ceuthocarpa f. microstictica (Sm.) Cromb., Pertusaria ceuthocarpoides var. microstictica (Sm.) Zahlbr., Pertusaria concreta Nyl., Pertusaria concreta var. concreta Nyl., Pertusaria concreta var. intermedia Harm., Pertusaria microstictica (Sm.) Erichsen, Pertusaria microstictica f. microstictica (Sm.) Erichsen, Pertusaria microstictica f. pallidior Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes f. westringii (Lilj.) Erichsen, Pertusaria pseudocorallina f. pseudocorallina (Lilj.) Arnold, Pertusaria pseudocorallina var. pseudocorallina (Lilj.) Arnold, Pertusaria westringii (Lilj.) Leight., Porina ceuthocarpa (Sm.) Taylor, Variolaria westringii (Lilj.) Wahlenb.]
[Lecanora pupillaris Nyl., Pertusaria chloropolia var. planiuscula H. Magn.]
[Lichen melaleucus Turner & Borrer, Pertusaria melaleuca (Turner & Borrer) Duby, Pertusaria melaleuca var. cyclops (Körb.) Hepp, Pertusaria melaleuca var. decussata (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Pertusaria melaleuca var. ginzbergeri Zahlbr., Pertusaria melaleuca var. glabrata (Anzi) H. Olivier, Pertusaria melaleuca var. heterochroa (Müll. Arg.) J. Steiner, Pertusaria melaleuca var. melaleuca (Turner & Borrer) Duby, Pertusaria melaleuca var. octospora Müll.Arg., Pertusaria melaleuca var. tetramera Müll.Arg., Pertusaria melaleuca var. trispora Müll.Arg., Porina pustulata Ach., Porophora pustulata (Leight.) anon., Thelotrema melaleucum (Turner & Borrer) Turner]
[Pertusaria finkii Zahlbr.]
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Tripp & Lendemer (2019)
source: Lumbsch et al. (1999)
[Pertusaria leioplacoides var. plicatula Müll.Arg., Pertusaria tetrathalamia f. tetrathalamia (Fée) Nyl., Pertusaria tetrathalamia var. plicatula (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Pertusaria tetrathalamia var. tetrathalamia (Fée) Nyl., Porina tetrathalamia (Fée) Fée, Trypethelium subumbilicatum C. Knight, Trypethelium tetrathalamium Fée]
[Pertusaria disticha Erichsen]
[Gyalecta clausa (Hoffm.) A. Massal., Gyalecta exanthemica (Sm.) Fr., Gyalecta exanthemica var. dolichospora B. de Lesd., Gyalecta exanthemica var. exanthemica (Sm.) Fr., Lecidea exanthemica (Sm.) Nyl., Lichen clausus Hoffm., Lichen exanthemicus Sm., Parmelia exanthemica (Sm.) Spreng., Patellaria clausa (Hoffm.) Nägeli, Petractis exanthemica (Sm.) Fr., Secoliga exanthemica (Sm.) Norman, Thelotrema clausum (Hoffm.) Schaer., Thelotrema exanthemicum (Sm.) Ach., Urceolaria exanthemica (Sm.) Ach., Verrucaria clausa (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Volvaria clausa (Hoffm.) Trevis., Volvaria exanthemica (Sm.) DC.]
source: Dillman et al. (2012)
[Gyalecta farlowii Tuck. ex Nyl.]
[Biatora hypoleuca (Ach.) Fr., Gyalecta hypoleuca (Ach.) Zahlbr., Secoliga hypoleuca (Ach.) M. Choisy, Urceolaria hypoleuca Ach.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: McMullin et al. (2017)
[Buellia glaucomaria (Nyl.) Tuck., Leciographa glaucomaria (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Opegrapha glaucomaria (Nyl.) Kallsten]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Lecidea thallicola A. Massal., Mycoblastus thallicola (A. Massal.) Trevis., Nesolechia thallicola (A. Massal.) Rehm, Scutula thallicola (A. Massal.) Anzi]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), significant change since the previous checklist version
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Zhurbenko et al. (2019)
[Agyrium vulpinum (Tul.) H. Olivier]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Calicium betulinum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Calicium pallescens f. betulinum Nyl., Calicium subtile f. betulinum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Mycocalicium betulinum (Nyl.) Vain.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Selva & Tibell (1999)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: McCune et al. (2014b)
[Calicium compressulum (Nyl. ex Vain.) Ozenda & Clauzade, Mycocalicium compressulum Nyl. ex Szat., Mycocalicium praecedens var. compressulum Nyl. ex Vain.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Calicium curtisii Tuck., Mycocalicium curtisii (Tuck.) A. Schneid., Phacotium curtisii (Tuck.) Trevis.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Selva & Tibell (1999)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Hardman et al. (2016)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Selva & Tibell (1999)
[Calicium minutissimum G. Merr., Stenocybe minutissima (G. Merr.) Zahlbr.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Selva & Tibell (1999)
[Calicium polyporaeum Nyl., Mycocalicium polyporaeum (Nyl.) Vain.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Calicium curtum var. populinum Turner & Borrer, Calicium populneum Brond. ex Duby, Embolidium populneum (Brond. ex Duby) Vain., Phacotium populneum (Brond. ex Duby) Trevis.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Calicium praecedens Nyl., Calicium praecedens var. compressulum Nyl., Calicium praecedens var. praecedens Nyl., Chaenotheca praecedens (Nyl.) Lindau, Mycocalicium praecedens (Nyl.) Szatala, Mycocalicium praecedens var. praecedens (Nyl.) Vain.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Calicium tremulicola (Norrl. ex Nyl.) Rehm, Stenocybe tremulicola Norrlin ex Nyl.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Tibell 1996, Selva & Tibell (1999)
[Arthonia caesiopruinosa Fée, Arthothelium caesiopruinosum (Fée) A. Massal., Graphis caesiopruinosa (Fée) Kremp., Graphis scalpturata var. plurifera Nyl., Hemithecium caesiopruinosum (Fée) Trevis., Phaeographina plurifera (Nyl.) Fink, Phaeographina scalpturata var. plurifera (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Platygramme caesiopruinosa (Fée) Fée]
source: Staiger (2002)
[Phaeographina asteroides Fink]
source: Lendemer & Knudsen (2008b)
[Phaeographina atromaculata A.W. Archer, Phaeographis illitoraticola Lendemer, R.C. Harris & Yahr nom. inval., Phaeographis kalbii Staiger]
source: Lendemer & Knudsen (2008b)
[Creographa brasiliensis A. Massal., Graphis subtigrina Vain., Graphis tigrinella f. subtigrina (Vain.) Vain., Phaeographina brasiliensis (A. Massal.) Zahlbr., Phaeographis subtigrina (Vain.) Zahlbr., Sarcographa tricosa f. subtigrina (Vain.) Zahlbr., Ustalia brasiliensis (A. Massal.) Stizenb.]
source: Archer (2006)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Arthonia sinensigrapha Fée, Graphis dendritica (Ach.) Ach., Graphis dendritica f. dendritica (Ach.) Ach., Graphis dendritica f. obtusa Leight., Graphis dendritica var. dendritica (Ach.) Ach., Graphis dendritica var. obtusa Mudd, Graphis sinensigrapha (Fée) A. Massal., Hymenodecton dendriticum (Ach.) Leight., Opegrapha dendritica Ach., Phaeographis dendritica var. obtusa (Leight.) Müll. Arg., Phaeographis dendritica var. sinensigrapha (Fée) Zahlbr., Platygramma dendritica (Ach.) G. Mey., Platygramma dendriticum (Ach.) G. Mey.]
[Graphina dividens (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Phaeographina dividens (Nyl.) Kr.P. Singh & D.D. Awasthi]
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
[Graphis erumpens Nyl.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Graphis haematites Fée, Pyrographa haematites (Fée) A. Massal.]
[Graphis intricans Nyl., Sarcographa intricans (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.]
source: Staiger (2002)
[Graphis inusta Ach., Graphis inusta var. emergens Vain. ex Van der Byl, Graphis inusta var. inusta Ach., Opegrapha inusta (Ach.) Tuck.]
[Graphis leiogrammodes Kremp., Phaeographina leiogrammodes (Kremp.) M. Wirth & Hale]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Graphis lobata (Eschw.) Reinke, Lecanactis lobata Eschw., Leiogramma lobatum (Eschw.) Eschw., Pachnolepia lobata (Eschw.) Körb.]
[Lecanactis sericea var. major Kremp., Phaeographis sericea var. major (Kremp.) Zahlbr.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Phaeographis brevinigra Sipman ined.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Lendemer & Harris (2014a)
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
[Graphis punctiformis (Eschw.) Nyl., Leiogramma punctiforme Eschw.]
[Graphis quadrifera Nyl., Phaeographina quadrifera (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
[Ectographis scalpturata (Ach.) Trevis., Graphina scalpturata (Ach.) Müll. Arg., Graphis scalpturata Ach., Graphis scalpturata f. scalpturata Ach., Graphis scalpturata var. scalpturata Ach., Leiogramma scalpturatum (Ach.) Eschw., Opegrapha scalpturata (Ach.) Mont., Phaeographina scalpturata (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Phaeographina scalpturata subsp. scalpturata (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Phaeographina scalpturata var. scalpturata (Ach.) Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Graphis dendritica var. smithii Leight., Graphis inusta var. macularis (Leight.) Mudd, Graphis smithii Leight., Graphis smithii var. macularis Leight., Graphis smithii var. smithii Leight., Phaeographis inusta var. macularis (Leight.) A.L. Sm.]
source: Tønsberg (1999a)
[Physcia adiastola Essl.]
[Lichen ciliatus Hoffm., Physcia ciliata (Hoffm.) Du Rietz, Physcia ciliata f. chloantha (Ach.) Nádv., Physcia ciliata f. ciliata (Hoffm.) Du Rietz, Physcia ciliata f. delicatula J.W. Thomson, Physcia ciliata f. erythrocardia (Tuck.) J.W. Thomson, Physcia ciliata f. fibrillosa J.W. Thomson, Physcia ciliata f. squamulosa J.W. Thomson, Physcia ciliata var. ciliata (Hoffm.) Du Rietz, Physcia ciliata var. endophoenicea (Harm.) Zahlbr., Physcia obscura f. ciliata (Hoffm.) Lynge, Physcia obscura f. elongata (Räsänen) Zahlbr., Physcia obscura f. erigens Vain., Physcia obscura f. gibbosa Räsänen, Physcia obscura f. lithotodes Vain., Physcia obscura f. pruinosa Vain., Physcia obscura f. saxicola Vain., Physcia obscura var. adglutinata (Flörke) Nyl., Physcia obscura var. chloantha Rabenh., Physcia obscura var. combinata Kremp., Physcia obscura var. cycloselioides Vain., Physcia obscura var. erythrocardia Tuck., Physcia obscura var. glaucovirens Zahlbr., Physcia obscura var. muscicola Schaer., Physcia obscura var. recurva Vain., Physcia obscura var. sorediifera Nyl.]
[Physcia constipata Norrl. & Nyl., Physcia constipata subsp. constipata (Nyl.) Vain.]
[Physcia decolor Kashiw.]
[Dimelaena endococcina (Körb.) Trevis., Hagenia endococcina (Körb.) Bagl., Hagenia endococcina var. endococcina (Körb.) Bagl., Hagenia endococcina var. venusta Bagl., Parmelia endococcina Körb., Phaeophyscia endococcina var. endococcina (Körb.) Moberg, Physcia endococcina (Körb.) Th. Fr., Physcia endococcina f. albicans (Harm.) H. Olivier, Physcia endococcina f. endococcina (Körb.) Nyl., Physcia endococcina f. lithotodes (Vain.) J.W. Thomson, Physcia endococcina f. ocellata (Erichsen) Lynge, Physcia endococcina f. tenuissima Nádv., Physcia endococcina f. venusta (Bagl.) H. Olivier, Physcia endococcina var. albicans (Harm.) Sántha, Physcia endococcina var. decolor (Kashiw.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Physcia endococcina var. endococcina (Körb.) Nyl., Physcia endococcina var. hypoleuca Nádv., Physcia endococcina var. khumbuensis Poelt, Physcia endococcina var. latiloga H. Magn. ex Awasthi, Physcia lithotodes Nyl., Physcia lithotodes var. endococcina (Körb.) Degel., Physcia sciastra f. endococcina (Körb.) M. Choisy]
[Phaeophyscia endococcina var. endococcinodes (Poelt) Moberg, Physcia endococcinodes Poelt, Physcia endococcinodes var. endococcinodes Poelt]
[Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi (Nádv.) Essl., Physcia cernohorskyi Nádv., Physcia cernohorskyi var. cernohorskyi Nádv., Physcia hirsuta Mereschk., Physcia hirsuta var. hirsuta Mereschk., Physcia labrata Mereschk., Physcia labrata f. labrata Mereschk., Physcia labrata var. labrata Mereschk., Physcia strigosa Poelt & Buschardt]
[Dimelaena setosa (Ach.) Trevis., Parmelia hispidula Ach., Parmelia setosa Ach., Phaeophyscia hispidula subsp. hispidula (Ach.) Essl., Phaeophyscia hispidula var. hispidula (Ach.) Essl., Physcia hispidula (Ach.) Frey, Physcia hispidula subsp. exornatula (Zahlbr.) Poelt, Physcia hispidula subsp. hispidula (Ach.) Frey, Physcia hispidula subsp. primaria Poelt, Physcia setosa (f. virella) B. de Lesd., Physcia setosa f. deminuta Cromb., Physcia setosa f. setosa (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia setosa f. sulphurascens Zahlbr., Physcia setosa f. virella B. de Lesd., Physcia setosa var. albociliata B. de Lesd., Physcia setosa var. exornatula Zahlbr., Physcia setosa var. setosa (Ach.) Nyl.]
[Physcia insignis Mereschk., Physcia ticinensis (Mereschk.) Frey]
[Physcia kairamoi Vain., Physcia nadvornikii Frey & Poelt, Physcia nadvornikii f. nadvornikii Frey & Poelt]
[Physcia leana Tuck.]
[Lecanora nigricans Flörke, Parmelia obscura f. sciastrella Nyl., Parmelia tremulicola (Nyl.) Arnold, Physcia nigricans (Flörke) Stizenb., Physcia nigricans f. fusca (Räsänen) Zahlbr., Physcia nigricans f. nigricans (Flörke) Stizenb., Physcia nigricans f. parvula (Vain.) Nádv., Physcia nigricans f. tremulicola (Nyl.) Maas Geest., Physcia nigricans var. auraënsis (Vain.) Räsänen, Physcia nigricans var. groenlandica Å.E. Dahl, Physcia nigricans var. helvetica (Vain. ex Räsänen) Frey, Physcia nigricans var. nigricans (Flörke) Stizenb., Physcia nigricans var. sciastrella (Nyl.) Lynge, Physcia nigricans var. tremulicola (Nyl.) Lynge, Physcia sciastrella (Nyl.) Harm., Physcia sciastrella var. sciastrella (Nyl.) Harm., Physcia sciastrella var. sublurida Vain., Physcia tremulicola Nyl., Physcia tremulicola f. atra Lynge, Physcia tremulicola f. tremulicola Nyl., Physcia tremulicola subsp. leptothallina Vain., Physcia tremulicola subsp. tremulicola Nyl.]
[Anaptychia obscura (Ehrh.) A. Massal., Anaptychia obscura var. cycloselis (Ach.) A. Massal., Anaptychia obscura var. obscura (Ehrh.) A. Massal., Borrera obscura (Ehrh.) Mudd, Borrera obscura var. obscura (Ehrh.) Mudd, Borrera obscura var. virella (Ach.) Mudd, Dimelaena obscura (Ehrh.) Norman, Hagenia obscura (Ehrh.) De Not., Imbricaria cycloselis (Ach.) DC., Imbricaria obscura (Ehrh.) Kickx, Lecanora virella (Ach.) Ach., Lichen cycloselis Ach., Lichen orbicularis Neck., Lichen virellus Ach., Lobaria obscura (Ehrh.) Gaertn., G. Mey. & Scherb., Lobaria orbicularis (Baumg.) Hoffm., Parmelia cycloselis (Ach.) Ach., Parmelia cycloselis var. cycloselis (Ach.) Ach., Parmelia obscura (Ehrh.) Fr., Parmelia obscura f. cycloselis (Ach.) Körb., Parmelia obscura f. obscura (Ehrh.) Fr., Parmelia obscura f. orbicularis (Baumg.) Arnold, Parmelia obscura f. pseudoplatani Britzelm., Parmelia obscura var. muscicola Schaer., Parmelia obscura var. obscura (Ehrh.) Fr., Parmelia obscura var. saxicola A. Massal., Parmelia virella (Ach.) Ach., Phaeophyscia orbicularis f. virella (Ach.) J. Nowak, Phaeophyscia orbicularis var. hueana (Harm.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Physcia cycloselis (Ach.) Vain. ex Räsänen, Physcia cycloselis f. cycloselis (Ach.) Vain., Physcia cycloselis f. elongata Räsänen, Physcia cycloselis f. sorediifera (Nyl.) Räsänen, Physcia cycloselis var. cycloselis (Ach.) Vain. ex Räsänen, Physcia hueana (Harm.) Klem., Physcia obscura Nyl., Physcia obscura f. hueana Harm., Physcia obscura f. obscura (Ehrh.) Fürnr., Physcia obscura var. cycloselis (Ach.) J.J. Kickx, Physcia obscura var. obscura (Ehrh.) Fürnr., Physcia obscura var. virella (Ach.) Leight., Physcia orbicularis (Necker) Poetsch, Physcia orbicularis f. albida B. de Lesd., Physcia orbicularis f. albociliata (B. de Lesd.) J.W. Thomson, Physcia orbicularis f. bicolor (Britzelm.) Grummann, Physcia orbicularis f. calcicola Nádv., Physcia orbicularis f. cycloselis (Ach.) Szatala, Physcia orbicularis f. elongata (Räsänen) Räsänen, Physcia orbicularis f. insignis (Mereschk.) Frey, Physcia orbicularis f. intermedia Schade, Physcia orbicularis f. orbicularis (Baumg.) Poetsch, Physcia orbicularis f. pallida Räsänen, Physcia orbicularis f. pseudoplatani (Britzelm.) Sántha, Physcia orbicularis f. tristis Räsänen, Physcia orbicularis f. virella (Ach.) Schade, Physcia orbicularis var. ciliata, Physcia orbicularis var. hueana (Harm.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Physcia orbicularis var. labrata (Mereschk.) B. de Lesd., Physcia orbicularis var. orbicularis (Baumg.) Poetsch, Physcia orbicularis var. sorediifera (Nyl.) Räsänen, Physcia orbicularis var. transatlantica Räsänen, Physcia orbicularis var. virella (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Physcia ulothrix var. virella (Ach.) Cromb., Physcia virella (Ach.) Flagey, Physcia virella f. pallidior Mereschk., Physcia virella f. tenuisecta Mereschk., Physcia virella f. ticinensis Mereschk., Physcia virella f. virella (Ach.) Flagey, Physcia virella var. gracilis Mereschk., Physcia virella var. hueana (Harm.) Lindau, Physcia virella var. virella (Ach.) Flagey, Placodium orbiculare (Baumg.) Hoffm., Psora orbicularis Baumg., Rinodina virella (Ach.) Körb., Squamaria obscura (Ehrh.) Beltr., Xanthoria obscura (Ehrh.) Horw., Xanthoria ulothrix var. virella (Ach.) Horw.]
[Physcia pusilloides Zahlbr.]
[Physcia orbicularis f. rubropulchra Degel.]
[Dimelaena obscura var. sciastra (Ach.) Trevis., Hagenia obscura var. sciastra (Ach.) Bagl. & Carestia, Lichen fahlunensis var. sciastrus (Ach.) Wahlenb., Fl. lapp.: 428 (1812), Parmelia fahlunensis var. sciastra (Ach.) Ach., Parmelia sciastra Ach., Physcia lithotea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia lithotea f. arboricola Räsänen, Physcia lithotea f. erigens (Vain.) H. Olivier, Physcia lithotea f. lithotea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia lithotea f. perisidiosa Räsänen, Physcia lithotea var. erigens (Vain.) H. Olivier, Physcia lithotea var. lithotea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia lithotea var. sciastra (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia obscura var. sciastra (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia orbicularis f. sciastra (Ach.) Schade, Physcia sciastra (Ach.) Du Rietz, Physcia sciastra f. albicans (Harm.) M. Choisy, Physcia sciastra f. arboricola Kosk.{?}, Physcia sciastra f. cinerascens Nádv., Physcia sciastra f. depallens Nádv., Physcia sciastra f. erigens (Vain.) Nádv., Physcia sciastra f. muscicola (Schaer.) Szatala, Physcia sciastra f. salina (Erichsen) J.W. Thomson, Physcia sciastra f. sciastra (Ach.) Du Rietz, Physcia sciastra var. arborea Erichsen, Physcia sciastra var. muscicola (Schaer.) Frey, Physcia sciastra var. salina Erichsen, Physcia sciastra var. sciastra (Ach.) Du Rietz]
source: Moberg (1995)
[Dimelaena nimbosa (Fr.) Norman, Dimelaena nimbosa f. nimbosa (Fr.) Norman, Dimelaena nimbosa f. nuda Bagl. & Carestia, Diploicia nimbosa (Fr.) A. Massal., Lecanora nimbosa (Fr.) Nyl., Pachysporaria nimbosa (Fr.) M. Choisy, Parmelia nimbosa Fr., Psora nimbosa (Fr.) Hepp, Rinodina nimbosa (Fr.) Th. Fr., Rinodina nimbosa f. nimbosa (Fr.) Th. Fr., Rinodina nimbosa f. nuda (Bagl. & Carestia) H. Magn., Rinodina nimbosa f. pruinosa (Bagl. & Carestia) H. Magn., Rinodina nimbosa f. sareptana Tomin, Rinodina nimbosa var. athallina Lynge, Rinodina nimbosa var. nimbosa (Fr.) Th. Fr., Rinodina nimbosa var. nuda Lynge, Rinodina nimbosa var. pruinosa (Hav.) Lynge, Rinodina nimbosa var. sphaerocarpa Th. Fr., Rinodina phaeocarpa (Sommerf.) Vain., Squamaria nimbosa (Fr.) Boist.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2014)
[Arthopyrenia advenula (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Arthopyrenia advenula var. advenula (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Arthopyrenia advenula var. peregrina (Flot.) H. Olivier, Arthopyrenia advenula var. triphractus (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Endococcus triphractoides Nyl., Leptosphaeria advenula (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Phaeospora triphractoides (Nyl.) Zopf, Pharcidia triphractoides (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Thelidium parasiticum Lönnr., Verrucaria advenula Nyl., Verrucaria triphractoides (Nyl.) Leight.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Arthopyrenia endococcoidea (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Microthelia rimosicola (Leight.) Mudd, Phaeospora endococcoidea (Nyl.) Arnold, Pyrenula endococcoidea (Nyl.) Willey, Pyrenulella endococcoidea (Nyl.) Fink, Sphaerulina endococcoidea (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Tichothecium rimosicola (Leight.) Arnold, Verrucaria endococcoidea Nyl., Verrucaria rimosicola Leight.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
source: Schultz & Büdel (2005)
[Peccania wrightii (Tuck.) Forssell, Synalissa wrightii (Tuck.) Nyl.]
source: Schultz & Büdel (2005)
[Lecanora agelaea (Ach.) Röhl., Lichen agelaeus Ach., Peltigera agelaea (Ach.) Wallr., Thelotrema agelaeum (Ach.) Gray, Urceolaria agelaea (Ach.) Ach., Variolaria agelaea Turner]
[Lecidea argena (Ach.) Ach., Lepraria argena Ach., Lichen argenus (Ach.) Sm. & Sowerby, Parmelia argena (Ach.) Spreng., Pertusaria reducta Stirt., Pertusaria reducta var. hossei Räsänen, Pertusaria reducta var. reducta Stirt., Phlyctis argena f. erythrosora (Erichsen) Almb., Phlyctis erythrosora Erichsen, Thelotrema argenum (Ach.) Hepp, Urceolaria argena (Ach.) Balb., Variolaria argena (Ach.) Turner]
[Phlyctidia boliviensis (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. nom inval., Phlyctidia ludoviciensis Müll.Arg., Phlyctis ludoviciensis (Müll. Arg.) Lendemer]
source: Lendemer & R. C. Harris (2014d)
source: Muscavitch et al. (2017a)
source: Harris & Ladd 2005, (2007)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hawksworth & Cole (2004)
[Phyllosticta peltigerae P. Karst.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Laursen (2003)
[Collema demangeonii Moug. & Mont., Thyrea demangeonii (Moug. & Mont.) Fink]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens
source: Carlberg (2016)
[Peltula corticola Büdel & R. Sant.]
source: Büdel et al. (2007)
[Lecidea breviuscula Nyl., Lecidea breviuscula var. breviuscula Nyl., Lecidea breviuscula var. glaucella Vain., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. breviuscula (Nyl.) Brako, Psora breviuscula (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.]
source: Timdal (2011)
[Lecidea buettneri (Müll.Arg.) Stizenb., Phyllopsora buettneri var. buettneri (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Phyllopsora buettneri var. munda (Malme) Brako, Psora buettneri Müll.Arg.]
source: Timdal (2011)
[Biatora corallina (Eschw.) Hook. & Taylor, Lecidea corallina Eschw., Phyllopsora corallina var. subglaucella G.K. Mishra, Upreti & Nayaka, Phyllopsora parvifolia var. corallina (Tuck.) G. Merr., Psora corallina (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.]
[Lecidea corallina var. corallina Eschw.]
[Lecidea furfuracea Pers., Lecidea furfuracea var. furfuracea Pers., Lecidea sanguineoatra var. furfuracea (Pers.) Nyl.]
source: Timdal (2008)
correct placement uncertain (Kistenich et al. 2019), source: Seavey et al. (2017)
[Amphiloma gossypinum (Sw.) Nyl., Byssocaulon gossypinum (Sw.) Müll. Arg., Crocynia gossypina (Sw.) A. Massal., Lecidea gossypina (Sw.) Ach., Lichen gossypinus Sw., Symplocia gossypina (Sw.) A. Massal.]
significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Kistenich et al. (2018)
significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Kistenich et al. (2019)
[Biatora kalbii (Brako) S.Y. Kondr.]
significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Kondratyuk et al. (2019)
significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Kistenich et al. (2019)
[Biatora parvifolia (Pers.) Mont., Lecidea parvifolia Pers., Lecidea parvifolia f. parvifolia Pers., Lecidea parvifolia f. subgranulosa Tuck., Lecidea parvifolia var. granulosa (Müll. Arg.) Shirley, Lecidea parvifolia var. parvifolia Pers., Phyllopsora parvifolia f. parvifolia (Pers.) Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. fibrillifera Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. granulosa (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. parvifolia (Pers.) Müll Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. subgranulosa (Tuck.) Müll.Arg., Psora parvifolia (Pers.) A. Massal., Psora parvifolia var. granulosa Müll.Arg., Zeora parvifolia (Pers.) C. Müll.]
[Biatora parvifolia (Pers.) Mont., Lecidea parvifolia Pers., Lecidea parvifolia f. parvifolia Pers., Lecidea parvifolia f. subgranulosa Tuck., Lecidea parvifolia var. granulosa (Müll. Arg.) Shirley, Lecidea parvifolia var. parvifolia Pers., Phyllopsora parvifolia (Pers.) Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia f. parvifolia (Pers.) Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. fibrillifera Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. granulosa (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. subgranulosa (Tuck.) Müll.Arg., Psora parvifolia (Pers.) A. Massal., Psora parvifolia var. granulosa Müll.Arg., Zeora parvifolia (Pers.) C. Müll.]
[Lecidea parvifoliella Nyl.]
[Phyllopsora buettneri var. glauca (B. de Lesd.) Brako, Phyllopsora parvifolia var. glauca B. de Lesd.]
source: Timdal (2011)
[Crocynia pyxinoides Nyl.]
significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Kistenich et al. (2018)
[Lecidea santensis Tuck., Phyllopsora corallina var. santensis (Tuck.) Brako]
source: Timdal (2008)
[Parmelia anthelina Ach., Parmelia stellaris var. adscendens Fr., Physcia aipolia f. anthelina (Ach.) Vain., Physcia ascendens Bitter, Physcia stellaris var. adscendens (Fr.) Rabenh.]
[Imbricaria aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) DC., Lichen aipolius Ehrh. ex Humb., Lobaria aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Hoffm., Parmelia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Ach., Parmelia aipolia var. aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Ach., Parmelia aipolia var. cercidia Ach., Parmelia stellaris var. aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fr., Physcia aipolia var. cercidia (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia stellaris var. aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Tuck., Physcia stellaris var. cercidia (Ach.) Th. Fr., Squamaria aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Frege, Xanthoria aipolia (Ehrh.) Horw., Xanthoria aipolia var. aipolia (Ehrh.) Horw., Xanthoria aipolia var. anthelina (Ach.) Horw., Xanthoria aipolia var. cercidia (Ach.) Horw.]
[Parmelia albinea Ach., Physcia stellaris subsp. albinea (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux]
[Physcia aipolia f. alnophila Vain.]
source: Lohtander et al. (2009)
[Dimelaena biziana (A. Massal.) Trevis., Physcia ragusana var. biziana (A. Massal.) Zahlbr., Squamaria biziana A. Massal.]
[Borrera caesia (Hoffm.) Mudd, Dimelaena caesia (Hoffm.) Norman, Hagenia caesia (Hoffm.) Bagl. & Carestia, Imbricaria caesia (Hoffm.) DC., Lichen caesius Hoffm., Lobaria caesia (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Parmelia caesia (Hoffm.) Ach., Parmelia caesia subsp. caesia (Hoffm.) Ach., Parmelia caesia subsp. dubia (Hoffm.) Röhl., Parmelia caesia var. caesia (Hoffm.) Ach., Physcia caesia var. caesiella (B. de Lesd.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Physcia caesiella (B. de Lesd.) Suza, Physcia caesiella f. albida Nádv., Physcia caesiella f. caesiella (B. de Lesd.) Suza, Physcia caesiella f. dendritica (Anders) Nádv., Physcia subalbinea Nyl., Physcia tribacioides var. caesiella B. de Lesd., Physcia wainioi Räsänen, Placodium caesium (Hoffm.) Frege, Psora caesia (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Squamaria caesia (Hoffm.) Hook., Xanthoria caesia (Hoffm.) Horw., Xanthoria caesia f. caesia (Hoffm.) Horw.]
[Borrera astroidea var. clementei (Sm.) Mudd, Dimelaena astroidea var. clementiana (Ach.) Trevis., Imbricaria clementiana (Ach.) J. Kickx f., Lichen clementei Sm., Lichen diatrypus * clementiana (Ach.) Lam., Lobaria astroidea var. clementiana (Ach.) Hepp, Parmelia astroidea var. clementiana (Ach.) Rabenh., Deutschl. Krypt.-Fl. (Leipzig) 2: 63 (1845), Parmelia clementei Turner, Parmelia clementiana Ach., Parmelia columnaris Taylor, Physcia astroidea sensu auct. brit., Physcia astroidea f. astroidea (Bagl.) Nyl., Physcia astroidea f. hypomela Tuck., Physcia astroidea f. pollinifera Abbayes, Physcia astroidea var. clementiana (Ach.) P. Syd., Physcia clementi (Sm.) Lynge, Physcia clementiana (Ach.) J.J. Kickx, Physcia clementiana f. clementiana (Ach.) J.J. Kickx, Physcia clementiana f. pollinifera (Abbayes) Zahlbr., Physcia clementiana var. clementiana (Ach.) J.J. Kickx, Physcia clementiana var. elegans (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Squamaria clementei (Turner) Hook. f.]
[Dimelaena crispa (Nyl.) Trevis., Physcia stellaris subsp. crispa (Nyl.) Tuck.]
many old records using this name are actually P. atrostriata
source: Esslinger (2004a)
[Parmelia albinea var. dimidiata (Arnold) Jatta, Parmelia dimidiata (Arnold) Arnold, Parmelia pulverulenta var. dimidiata Arnold, Physcia aipolia var. dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl., Physcia albinea var. dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl., Physcia dimidiata f. dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl., Physcia dimidiata var. dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl., Physcia stellaris f. dimidiata (Arnold) Boistel, Physcia stellaris var. dimidiata (Arnold) Berdau]
[Lobaria dubia Hoffm., Parmelia caesia var. teretiuscula Ach., Parmelia dubia (Hoffm.) Röhl., Parmelia dubia f. dubia (Hoffm.) Röhl., Parmelia dubia var. dubia (Hoffm.) Röhl., Parmelia pulchella var. dubia (Hoffm.) Schaer., Physcia caesia f. teretiuscula (Ach.) Harm., Physcia caesia var. dubia (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Physcia caesia var. teretiuscula (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia dubia var. teretiuscula (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Physcia teretiuscula (Ach.) Lynge, Physcia teretiuscula f. corticola Kosk.{?}, Physcia teretiuscula f. pallidula Nádv., Physcia teretiuscula f. teretiuscula (Ach.) Lynge, Placodium dubium (Hoffm.) Frege, Xanthoria caesia f. teretiuscula (Ach.) Horw.]
source: Moberg (1997)
[Borrera leptalea (Ach.) Röhl., Lichen leptaleus Ach., Parmelia leptalea (Ach.) Ach., Physcia leptalea f. leptaleodes (Nyl.) Harm., Physcia leptaleodes Nyl., Physcia semipinnata (J. F. Gmelin) Moberg]
source: Moberg (1997)
source: Tucker (2014)
significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Esslinger et al. (2020)
[Parmelia phaea Tuck.]
source: Harris (1995a)
significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Esslinger et al. (2020)
source: Esslinger & Egan (1996)
[Physcia integrata f. sorediosa (Vain.) Müll. Arg., Physcia integrata var. sorediosa Vain.]
[Anaptychia stellaris (L.) A. Massal., Borrera stellaris (L.) Mudd, Dimelaena stellaris (L.) Norman, Geissodea stellaris (L.) J. St.-Hil., Hagenia stellaris (L.) De Not., Imbricaria stellaris (L.) DC., Lichen stellaris L., Lobaria stellaris (L.) Hoffm., Parmelia stellaris (L.) Ach., Parmelia stellaris var. pseudoincisa Th. Fr., Parmelia stellaris var. radiata Ach., Parmelia stellaris var. rosulata Ach., Parmelia stellaris var. stellaris (L.) Ach., Physcia retrogressa Stirt., Physcia stellaris f. rosulata (Ach.) Nyl., Squamaria stellaris (L.) Frege, Xanthoria stellaris (L.) Horw., Xanthoria stellaris var. leptalea (Ach.) Horw., Xanthoria stellaris var. stellaris (L.) Horw., Xanthoria stellaris var. subobscura (Nyl.) Horw.]
[Borrera caesia (Hoffm.) Mudd, Dimelaena caesia (Hoffm.) Norman, Hagenia caesia (Hoffm.) Bagl. & Carestia, Imbricaria caesia (Hoffm.) DC., Lichen caesius Hoffm., Lobaria caesia (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Parmelia caesia (Hoffm.) Ach., Parmelia caesia subsp. caesia (Hoffm.) Ach., Parmelia caesia subsp. dubia (Hoffm.) Röhl., Parmelia caesia var. caesia (Hoffm.) Ach., Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Furnr., Physcia caesia var. caesiella (B. de Lesd.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Physcia caesiella (B. de Lesd.) Suza, Physcia caesiella f. albida Nádv., Physcia caesiella f. caesiella (B. de Lesd.) Suza, Physcia caesiella f. dendritica (Anders) Nádv., Physcia tribacioides var. caesiella B. de Lesd., Physcia wainioi Räsänen, Placodium caesium (Hoffm.) Frege, Psora caesia (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Squamaria caesia (Hoffm.) Hook., Xanthoria caesia (Hoffm.) Horw., Xanthoria caesia f. caesia (Hoffm.) Horw.]
source: Lohtander et al. (2009)
[Borrera tenella (Scop.) Ach., Hagenia tenella (Scop.) de Not., Lichen tenellus Scop., Parmelia stellaris f. tenella (Scop.) Hazsl., Physcia hispida auct., Physcia hispida f. subobscura (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Physcia hispida var. leptalea (Ach.) Zahlbr., Physcia hispida var. tenella (Scop.) Walt. Watson]
[Physcia stellaris var. marina A. Nyl., Physcia tenella var. marina (E. Nyl.) D. Hawksw.]
source: Moberg (1997)
source: Esslinger (2017)
[Borrera caesia var. tribacia (Ach.) Mudd, Dimelaena tribacia (Ach.) Trevis., Lecanora tribacia Ach., Parmelia caesia var. tribacia (Ach.) Torss., Parmelia erosa Borrer nom. illegit., Parmelia stellaris var. tribacia (Ach.) Torss., Parmelia tribacia (Ach.) Sommerf., Parmelia tribacia var. tribacia (Ach.) Sommerf., Physcia albinea var. tribacia (Ach.) Malbr., Physcia caesia f. tribacia (Ach.) H. Olivier, Physcia caesia var. tribacia (Ach.) Tuck., Physcia cernohorskyi var. erosa Nádv., Physcia erosa Zwackh, Physcia stellaris f. tribacia (Ach.) P. Syd., Physcia stellaris subsp. tribacia (Ach.) Vain., Physcia stellaris var. tribacia (Ach.) Tuck., Physcia tribacia var. tenuis Müll.Arg., Psoroma tribacium (Ach.) Gray, Squamaria tribacia (Ach.) Hook., Xanthoria erosa (Borrer) Horw., Xanthoria tribacia (Ach.) Horw.]
source: Harris (1995a)
source: Tucker (2014)
[Parmelia chloantha Ach., Parmelia obscura f. chloantha (Ach.) Flot., Phaeophyscia chloantha (Ach.) Moberg, Physcia chloantha (Ach.) Vain. ex van der Byl, Physcia chloantha var. chloantha (Ach.) Vain., Physcia luganensis Merezhko]
[Phaeophyscia melanchra (Hue) Kashiw., Physcia melanchra Hue]
[Phaeophyscia nepalensis (Poelt) D.D. Awasthi, Physcia nepalensis Poelt]
source: Esslinger (1994)
source: Esslinger (2000b)
[Physcia detersa (Nyl.) Nyl., Physcia pulverulenta var. detersa Nyl.]
[Parmelia cycloselis var. lithotea Ach., Parmelia subdetersa (Nyl.) Kernst., Physcia cycloselis var. lithotea (Ach.) Ach., Physcia enteroxantha Nyl., Physcia enteroxanthella (Harm.) H. Olivier, Physcia grisea f. enteroxanthella (Harm.) Erichsen, Physcia grisea var. enteroxanthella (Harm.) Servít, Physcia leucoleiptes f. enteroxanthella (Harm.) Mereschk., Physcia obscura var. lithotea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia pityrea var. enteroxanthella Harm., Physcia subdetersa Nyl., Xanthoria subdetersa (Nyl.) Horw.]
source: Esslinger (2000b)
source: Esslinger & Dillman (2010)
source: Esslinger (2000b)
source: Esslinger et al. (2017)
[Parmelia pulverulenta var. leucoleiptes Tuck., Physcia leucoleiptes (Tuck.) Lettau]
[Lichen muscigenus (Ach.) Wahlenb., Parmelia muscigena Ach., Parmelia muscigena f. muscigena Ach., Parmelia muscigena f. squarrosa Ach., Parmelia muscigena var. lenta Ach., Parmelia muscigena var. muscigena Ach., Parmelia muscigena var. squarrosa Ach., Physcia muscigena (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia muscigena f. alpina Nádv., Physcia muscigena f. imbricata Nádv., Physcia muscigena f. isidiata (Lynge) J.W. Thomson, Physcia muscigena f. kotiluotensis Räsänen, Physcia muscigena f. lenta (Ach.) Vain., Physcia muscigena f. lobulata Frey, Physcia muscigena f. muscigena (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia muscigena var. bayeri (Nádv.) Poelt, Physcia muscigena var. isidiata Lynge, Physcia muscigena var. muscigena (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia pulverulenta var. muscigena (Ach.) Nyl., Xanthoria muscigena (Ach.) Horw.]
[Physcia leucoleiptes var. perisidiosa (Erichsen) Nádv., Physcia perisidiosa Erichsen]
[Collema amphiurum Nyl., Collema byrsaeum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Ach., Collema hypolasium Stirt., Dichodium amphiurum (Nyl.) Nyl., Dichodium byrsaeum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Nyl., Dichodium byrsinum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Nyl., Gabura byrsaea (Afzel. ex Ach.) Kuntze, Gabura byrsina (Afzel. ex Ach.) Kuntze, Lempholemma hypolasium (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Lichen furvus * byrsaeum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Lam., Parmelia byrsaea Afzel. ex Ach., Physma amphiurum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Physma byrsaeum var. amphiurum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Physma byrsinum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Tuck.]
[Biatorella conspersa (Fée) Vain., Biatorella conspersa f. conspersa (Fée) Vain., Heterothecium conspersum (Fée) Flot., Lecidea conspersa Fée]
source: Hafellner (1995)
[Biatorella nannaria (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Heterothecium nannarium Tuck.]
source: Knudsen & Lendemer (2007)
[Biatorella ochrophora (Nyl.) Arnold, Biatorella ochrophora f. evoluta H. Magn., Biatorella ochrophora f. ochrophora (Nyl.) Arnold, Biatorella ochrophora var. ochrophora (Nyl.) Arnold, Biatorella ochrophora var. planiuscula Vězda, Lecidea ochrophora Nyl., Strangospora ochrophora (Nyl.) R. Anderson]
source: Hafellner (2004d)
[Baeomyces acicularis Ach., Cenomyce acicularis (Ach.) Ach., Cladonia acicularis (Ach.) Fr., Pilophorus aciculare (Ach.) Th. Fr. [orthoigraphic error], Pilophorus cereolus f. acicularis (Ach.) Tuck., Pilophorus cereolus var. acicularis (Ach.) Tuck., Stereocaulon aciculare (Ach.) Tuck.]
[Lichen cereolus Ach., Pilophoron cereolus (Ach.) Th. Fr., Stereocaulon cereolinum var. cereolus (Ach.) Th. Fr., Stereocaulon cereolus (Ach.) anon.]
[Lecidea pallida Th. Fr.]
[Stereocaulon fibula Tuck.]
[Pilophoron robustum Th. Fr.]
[Caloplaca consociata J. Steiner, Caloplaca grimmiae (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Caloplaca grimmiae f. consociata (J. Steiner) Servít, Caloplaca grimmiae f. grimmiae (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Lecanora grimmiae Nyl., Placodium grimmiae (Nyl.) Vain.]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens
[Catapyrenium acarosporoides (Zahlbr.) J.W. Thomson, Dermatocarpon acarosporoides Zahlbr., Dermatocarpon novomexicanum (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr., Endopyrenium bajadanae B. de Lesd., Endopyrenium novomexicanum B. de Lesd., Heteroplacidium acarosporoides (Zahlbr.) Breuss]
source: Breuss & Bratt (2000)
[Catapyrenium tuckermanii (Rav. ex Mont.) J.W. Thomson, Dermatocarpon tuckermanii (Ravenel ex Mont.) Zahlbr., Endocarpon arboreum Schwein. ex E. Michener, Endocarpon tuckermanii Ravenel ex Mont., Endopyrenium tuckermanii (Ravenel ex Mont.) Zahlbr., Placidium tuckermanii (Rav. ex Mont.) Breuss]
source: Lendemer & Yahr (2004)
source: Breuss & Bratt (2000)
[Catapyrenium chilense (Rasanen) Breuss]
source: Breuss (2002d)
source: McCune & Rosentreter (2007)
[Catapyrenium lachneum (Ach.) R. Sant., Catapyrenium lachneum subsp. lachneum (Ach.) R. Sant., Catapyrenium lachneum var. lachneum (Ach.) R. Sant., Dermatocarpon hepaticum var. lachneum (Ach.) Zahlbr., Dermatocarpon lachneum (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Dermatocarpon lachneum f. lachneum (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Dermatocarpon lachneum var. lachneum (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Dermatocarpon lachneum var. rufopallens (Nyl.) Servít, Endocarpon lachneum (Ach.) Ach., Endopyrenium lachneum (Ach.) Hav., Lichen lachneus Ach.]
[Catapyrenium michelii (A. Massal.) R. Sant., Dermatocarpon michelii (A. Massal.) Zwackh, Endocarpon michelii (A. Massal.) Bausch, Endopyrenium michelii (A. Massal.) Körb.]
[Catapyrenium norvegicum Breuss]
[Catapyrenium podolepis Breuss, Heteroplacidium podolepis (Breuss) Breuss]
source: Prieto et al. (2012)
[Catapyrenium squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss, Catapyrenium squamulosum var. squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss, Dermatocarpella squamulosa (Ach.) H. Harada, Endocarpon pusillum var. squamulosum (Ach.) Grognot, Endocarpon squamulosum Ach., Placidium squamulosum var. squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss]
source: McCune (2017)
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens, source: Knudsen et al. (2009)
source: Westberg (2004a)
[Lecanora cribellans Nyl.]
source: Galloway (2005)
[Lecanora gelida (L.) Ach., Lecanora gelida f. gelida (L.) Ach., Lecanora gelida f. leprosula Zahlbr., Lecanora gelida f. neglecta Degel., Lecanora gelida f. terricola Cromb., Lecanora gelida var. carnea (Räsänen) Zahlbr., Lecanora gelida var. gelida (L.) Ach., Lecanora gelida var. vitellina Hook. f. & Taylor, Lichen gelidus L., Parmelia gelida (L.) Ach., Patellaria gelida (L.) Trevis., Placodium gelidum (L.) Gray, Psoroma gelidum (L.) Rabenh., Squamaria gelida (L.) Hook., Squamaria gelida f. gelida (L.) Hook.]
[Squamaria gelida f. dispersa Cromb.]
source: Moberg & Carlin 1996, Brodo et al. (2001)
source: Breuss (2009)
[Catapyrenium caeruleopulvinum J.W. Thomson]
source: Breuss (2002e)
[Verrucaria aspiciliicola R. Sant., Verrucaria canella Nyl., Verrucaria glaucina subsp. canella (Nyl.) A.L. Sm.]
source: Navarro-Rosínes et al. (2007)
source: Breuss (2009)
source: Breuss (2009)
[Catapyrenium fuscellum (Turner) Beltr., Endocarpon fuscellum (Turner) Ach., Endocarpon fuscellum var. fuscellum (Turner) Ach., Endopyrenium fuscellum (Turner) Boistel, Lichen fuscellus Turner, Lithoicea fuscella (Turner) A. Massal., Trichothecium fuscellum (Turner) Flot., Verrucaria fuscella (Turner) Winch, Verrucaria fuscella f. fuscella (Turner) Winch, Verrucaria fuscella var. fuscella (Turner) Winch, Verrucaria viridula var. glaucina, Verrucula fuscella (Turner) J. Steiner]
source: Navarro-Rosínes et al. (2007)
[Catapyrenium heppioides (Zahlbr.) J.W. Thomson, Dermatocarpon heppioides Zahlbr.]
source: Breuss (2002e)
[Catapyrenium lecideoides (A. Massal.) Arnold, Catapyrenium lecideoides f. minutum (A. Massal.) Arnold, Catapyrenium lecideoides var. minutum (A. Massal.) Arnold, Dermatocarpon lecideoides (A. Massal.) Zahlbr., Lithoicea fraudulosa (Nyl.) Flagey, Lithoicea lecideoides (A. Massal.) Flagey, Lithoicea lecideoides var. minuta (A. Massal.) Flagey, Thrombium lecideoides A. Massal., Thrombium lecideoides var. lecideoides A. Massal., Thrombium lecideoides var. minutum A. Massal., Verrucaria fraudulosa Nyl., Verrucaria lecideoides (A. Massal.) Trevis., Verrucaria lecideoides f. lecideoides (A. Massal.) Trevis., Verrucaria lecideoides f. minuta (A. Massal.) Körb., Verrucaria lecideoides var. fraudulosa (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Verrucaria lecideoides var. lecideoides (A. Massal.) Trevis., Verrucaria lecideoides var. minuta Hepp, Verrucaria minor Breuss, Verrucaria minuta (A. Massal.) Zschacke nom. illegit., Verrucaria minuta f. minuta (A. Massal.) Zschacke, Verrucula fraudulosa (Nyl.) J. Steiner, Verrucula lecideoides (A. Massal.) J. Steiner, Verrucula lecideoides f. minuta (A. Massal.) J. Steiner, Verruculopsis lecideoides (A. Massal.) Gueidan & Cl. Roux, Verruculopsis lecideoides var. fraudulosa (Nyl.) Gueidan & Cl. Roux, Verruculopsis lecideoides var. minuta (A. Massal.) Cl. Roux nom. inval., Verruculopsis minuta (Hepp) Krzewicka nom. inval.]
source: Navarro-Rosínes et al. (2007)
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens, source: Breuss (1998)
[Catapyrenium zahlbruckneri (Hasse) J. W. Thomson, Dermatocarpon zahlbruckneri Hasse, Placopyrenium zahlbruckneri (Hasse) Breuss, Verrucaria stanfordii Herre]
source: Knudsen & Lendemer (2006)
[Biatora dasaea (Stirt.) Walt. Watson, Lecidea dasaea Stirt., Saccomorpha dasaea (Stirt.) Khodos.]
source: Tønsberg [1997 (1998)]
[Lecidea hyporhoda Th. Fr., Lecidea uliginascens Stirt., Lecidea uliginosa f. hyporhoda (Th. Fr.) Hedl., Saccomorpha hyporhoda (Th. Fr.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux]
[Biatora fuliginea (Ach.) Fr., Biatora fuliginea var. fuliginea (Ach.) Fr., Biatora uliginosa var. fuliginea (Ach.) Fr., Epinyctis fuliginea (Ach.) Wallr., Lecidea fuliginea Ach., Lecidea fuliginea f. fuliginea Ach., Lecidea fuliginea f. saxicola Harm., Lecidea fuliginea var. fuliginea Ach., Lecidea fuliginea var. fuscovirens Vain., Lecidea icmalea Ach., Lecidea uliginosa var. fuliginea (Ach.) Link, Pannularia perfurfurea Nyl., Parmeliella corallinoides f. perfurfurea (Nyl.) Gyeln., Parmeliella perfurfurea (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Patellaria fuliginea (Ach.) Spreng., Placynthiella perfurfurea (Nyl.) Gyeln., Saccomorpha icmalea (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux]
source: Lendemer (2004d)
[Lecidea oligotropha J.R. Laundon, Lecidea uliginosa var. verruculosa Hedl., Saccomorpha oligotropha (J.R. Laundon) Clauzade & Cl. Roux]
[Biatora humosa (Hoffm.) Arnold, Biatora humosa f. fuliginea (Ach.) Räsänen, Biatora humosa f. fuscovirens (Vain.) Räsänen, Biatora humosa f. humosa (Hoffm.) Arnold, Biatora humosa f. insequens (Nyl.) Räsänen, Biatora uliginosa (Schrad.) Fr., Biatora uliginosa f. uliginosa (Schrad.) Fr., Biatora uliginosa var. chthonoblastes (A. Braun) Oxner, Biatora uliginosa var. chtonoblastes (A. Braun) Oxner, Biatora uliginosa var. trachylina (Nyl.) M. Choisy, Biatora uliginosa var. uliginosa (Schrad.) Fr., Lecidea humosa (Hoffm.) Leight., Lecidea humosa f. confluens (Schaer.) Erichsen, Lecidea humosa f. humosa (Hoffm.) Röhl., Lecidea humosa f. saxicola (Harm.) Grummann, Lecidea humosa var. chthonoblastes (A. Braun) Erichsen, Lecidea humosa var. humosa (Hoffm.) Röhl., Lecidea humosa var. ochracea (Erichsen) Erichsen, Lecidea uliginosa (Schrad.) Ach., Lecidea uliginosa f. confluens Schaer., Lecidea uliginosa f. separabilis Hedl., Lecidea uliginosa f. uliginosa (Schrad.) Ach., Lecidea uliginosa var. chthonoblastes (A. Braun) Erichsen, Lecidea uliginosa var. fuscovirens (Vain.) Zahlbr., Lecidea uliginosa var. ochracea Erichsen, Lecidea uliginosa var. trachylina (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Lecidea uliginosa var. uliginosa (Schrad.) Ach., Lichen uliginosus Schrad., Patellaria humosa (Hoffm.) Wallr., Patellaria uliginosa (Schrad.) DC., Saccomorpha uliginosa (Schrad.) Hafellner, Spiloma humosum (Hoffm.) Ach., Verrucaria humosa Hoffm., Verrucaria uliginosa (Schrad.) Hoffm.]
[Collema asperellum Ach., Lecothecium asperellum (Ach.) Th. Fr., Lichen asperellus (Ach.) Wahlenb., Pannaria asperella (Ach.) Nyl., Parmelia aspratilis Ach., Patellaria asperella (Ach.) Spreng., Placynthium aspratile (Ach.) Henssen, Pterygium asperellum (Ach.) Nyl., Toninia asperella (Ach.) A. Massal.]
[Anziella adglutinata (Anzi) Gyeln., Lecothecium adglutinatum Anzi, Pannaria flabellosa Tuck., Placynthium adglutinatum (Anzi) Trevis., Pterygium adglutinatum (Anzi) Nyl.]
source: Fryday (2017)
significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Spribille et al. (2020)
[Biatora corallinoides var. fuscum Hepp, Biatora fuliginosa var. psotina Fr., Collema nigrum (Huds.) Hoffm., Collema trachyopum Taylor, Lecidea microphylla var. corallinoides Schaer., Lecidea nigra (Huds.) Ach., Lecothecium nigrum (Huds.) A. Massal., Lecothecium nigrum f. fuscum (Hepp) Mudd, Lecothecium nigrum f. nigrum (Huds.) A. Massal., Lichen niger Huds., Pannaria nigra (Huds.) Nyl., Pannaria nigra subsp. nigra (Huds.) Nyl., Pannaria nigra subsp. psotina (Nyl.) Cromb., Pannaria nigra subsp. triseptata (Nyl.) Nyl. ex Cromb., Pannaria nigra var. caespititia Wedd., Pannaria nigra var. nigra (Huds.) Nyl., Pannaria nigra var. psotina Nyl., Pannaria nigra var. triseptata Nyl., Pannaria psotina (Nyl.) Leight., Pannaria triseptata (Nyl.) A. Rich., Pannularia nigra (Huds.) Nyl., Pannularia nigra f. densata Harm., Pannularia nigra f. nigra (Huds.) Nyl., Pannularia nigra subsp. nigra (Huds.) Nyl., Pannularia nigra subsp. psotina (Nyl.) Cromb., Pannularia psotina (Nyl.) Nyl., Pannularia triseptata (Nyl.) Cromb., Parmelia nigra (Huds.) Mart., Parmeliella nigra (Huds.) Müll. Arg., Patellaria nigra (Huds.) Spreng., Placynthium dolichoterum f. triseptatum (Nyl.) Gyeln., Placynthium nigrum f. agglomeratum Walt. Watson, Placynthium nigrum f. caespiticium (Wedd.) Walt. Watson, Placynthium nigrum f. corallinodes (Schaer.) Walt. Watson, Placynthium nigrum f. crustaceum (Hepp) Walt. Watson, Placynthium nigrum f. nigrum (Huds.) Gray, Placynthium nigrum f. psotinum (Nyl.) Walt. Watson, Placynthium nigrum f. triseptatum (Nyl.) Walt. Watson, Placynthium nigrum var. crustaceum Hepp, Placynthium nigrum var. fuscum (Hepp) Trevis., Placynthium nigrum var. nigrum (Huds.) Gray, Placynthium nigrum var. psotina (Nyl.) Trevis., Placynthium nigrum var. triseptatum (Nyl.) Hue, Placynthium psotinum (Nyl.) Harm., Placynthium tremniacum f. fuscum (Hepp) Gyeln., Placynthium triseptatum (Nyl.) Vain., Psora nigra (Huds.) L. Marchand]
[Lecothecium pannariellum (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell, Placynthium pannariellum f. pannariellum (Nyl.) H. Magn., Placynthium pannariellum var. pannariellum (Nyl.) H. Magn., Pterygium pannariellum Nyl.]
source: Spribillle et al. (2010)
[Pannaria petersii (Nyl.) Tuck., Pterygium petersii Nyl.]
[Pannaria stenophylla Tuck., Parmeliella stenophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.]
[Collolechia subradiata (Nyl.) Szatala, Lecothecium subradiatum (Nyl.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Pannaria subradiata Nyl., Pterygium subradiatum (Nyl.) Nyl.]
[Biatora corallinoides var. tantaleum Hepp, Placynthium nigrum var. tantaleum (Hepp) Arnold, Racoblenna tantalea (Hepp) Trevis.]
[Cetraria commixta f. tenuisecta Th. Fr., Cetraria fallax (Weber) Anders, Cetraria glauca (L.) Ach., Cetraria glauca f. ampullacea (L.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Cetraria glauca f. coralloidea Körb., Cetraria glauca f. divaricata Rass., Cetraria glauca f. episorediosa Gyeln., Cetraria glauca f. excoralloidea Rass., Cetraria glauca f. fallax (Weber) Stein, Cetraria glauca f. fusca Flot., Cetraria glauca f. glauca (L.) Ach., Cetraria glauca f. laceratoides Gyeln., Cetraria glauca f. melanoplaca (Wallr.) Maas Geest., Cetraria glauca f. reticulata Rass., Cetraria glauca f. sorediosa (Leight.) Anders, Cetraria glauca f. ulophylla (Wallr.) Körb., Cetraria glauca var. chilensis Räsänen, Cetraria glauca var. fallax (Weber) Rass., Cetraria glauca var. glauca (L.) Ach., Cetraria glauca var. stenophylla Tuck., Cetraria glauca var. tenuisecta (Th. Fr.) A.L. Sm., Lichen fallax Weber, Lichen glaucus L., Lobaria fallax (Weber) Hoffm., Lobaria glauca (L.) Hoffm., Parmelia glauca (L.) Hepp, Parmelia glauca f. glauca (L.) Hepp, Parmelia glauca f. ulophylla Wallr., Parmelia glauca var. glauca (L.) Hepp, Parmelia glauca var. melanoplaca Wallr., Physcia fallax (Weber) DC., Physcia glauca (L.) DC., Platismatia glauca f. fallax (Weber) Oxner & S.Y. Kondr., Platismatia glauca f. fusca (Flot.) Oxner & S.Y. Kondr., Platismatia glauca f. ulophylla (Wallr.) Oxner & S.Y. Kondr., Platysma fallax (Weber) Hoffm., Platysma glaucum (L.) Frege, Platysma glaucum f. coralloideum (Wallr.) Leight., Platysma glaucum f. glaucum (L.) Frege, Platysma glaucum var. fallax (Weber) Nyl., Platysma glaucum var. glaucum (L.) Frege]
[Cetraria herrei Imshaug]
[Cetraria lacunosa Ach., Cetraria lacunosa f. cavernosa (Menzies) G. Merr., Cetraria lacunosa f. lacunosa Ach., Cetraria lacunosa var. lacunosa Ach.]
[Cetraria lacunosa f. norvegica Lynge, Cetraria norvegica (Lynge) Du Rietz, Cetraria norvegica f. norvegica (Lynge) Du Rietz, Cetraria norvegica f. sorediata Degel., Platysma norvegicum (Lynge) Å.E. Dahl]
[Cetraria stenophylla (Tuck.) G. Merr.]
[Cetraria atlantica (Tuck.) Du Rietz, Cetraria lacunosa var. atlantica Tuck., Cetraria tuckermanii Oakes, Cetraria tuckermanii var. sorediata (Degel.) Räsänen, Cetraria tuckermanii var. tuckermanii Oakes]
source: Lumbsch et al. (2011)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014a)
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Tripp & Lendemer 2010, Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Tripp & Lendemer 2010, Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Graphis interrupta Fée, Platygrapha interrupta (Fée) Nyl., Stigmatidium interruptum (Fée) Nyl.]
[Fissurina colliculosa (Mont.) A. Massal., Graphina colliculosa (Mont.) Hale, Sclerophyton colliculosum Mont.]
source: Tripp et al. (2010)
[Graphina floridana (Tuck.) R.C. Harris, Graphis floridana Tuck.]
source: Lendemer & Knudsen (2008)
[Diorygma grammitis Eschw., Fissurina grammitis Mont., Graphis grammatis Fée, Graphis grammitis Fée, Graphis grammitis f. grammitis Fée, Opegrapha grammitis (Mont.) Bél., Ustalia grammitis (Mont.) Stizenb.]
source: Staiger (2002)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2005)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2005)
[Arthonia stictarum (De Not.) Jatta, Celidium stictarum (De Not.) Tul., Celidium stictarum var. nephromeum Norman, Celidium stictarum var. stictarum (De Not.) Tul., Dothidea lichenum Sommerf., Lichenomyces lichenum (Sommerf.) R. Sant., Sphaeria stictarum De Not.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Arthonia linitae R. Sant.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Diederich et al. (2018)
[Celidium lichenum var. nephromea Norman]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Goward et al. (1996)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2003)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2005)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2005)
[Acarospora chlorophana (Wg.) Ach., Acarospora chlorophana f. chlorophana (Wahlenb.) A. Massal., Acarospora chlorophana var. biatoroidea Räsänen, Acarospora chlorophana var. chlorophana (Wahlenb.) A. Massal., Acarospora chlorophana var. lecanoroidea Räsänen, Acarospora texana H. Magn., Acarospora weldensis H. Magn., Acarosporomyces chlorophanus (Wahlenb.) Cif. & Tomas., Gussonea chlorophana (Wahlenb.) Tournab., Lecanora chlorophana (Wahlenb.) Ach., Lichen chlorophanus (Wahlenb.) Wahlenb., Myriospora chlorophana (Wahlenb.) Hepp, Parmelia chlorophana Wahlenb., Placodium chlorophanum (Wahlenb.) Flot., Teloschistes chlorophanus (Wahlenb.) Norman]
[Acarospora flava (Bellardi) Trevis., Acarospora oxytona (Ach.) A. Massal., Acarospora stenospora (Stizenb.) Zahlbr., Pleopsidium oxytonum (Ach.) Rabenh., Pleopsidium stenosporum (Stizenb. ex Hasse) K. Knudsen]
[Buellia cerebrina (DC.) Th. Fr., Encephalographa cerebrina (DC.) A. Massal., Encephalographa cerebrina subsp. cacuminum Asta, Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Encephalographa cerebrina subsp. cerebrina (DC.) A. Massal., Encephalographa cerebrina subsp. parvocalcicola Asta & Cl. Roux, Lecidea cerebrina (DC.) Schaer., Lithographa cerebrina (DC.) Leight., Melanospora cerebrina (DC.) Mudd, Opegrapha cerebrina DC., Patellaria cerebrina (DC.) Duby]
[Amphoroblastia amota (Arnold) Servít, Amphoroblastia amota var. amota (Arnold) Servít, Amphoroblastia amota var. subattenuata (Zschacke) Grummann, Polyblastia amota Arnold, Polyblastia amota var. amota Arnold, Polyblastia amota var. subalbida Zschacke, Polyblastia amota var. subattenuata Zschacke, Verrucaria albida (Arnold) Nyl., Verrucaria amota (Arnold) Stizenb.]
source: Thomson (1997)
[Polyblastia fuscoargillacea Anzi, Polyblastia fuscoargillacea f. fuscoargillacea Anzi, Polyblastia fuscoargillacea f. obscurata (Vain.) Dombr., Polyblastia intercedens Zschacke, Polyblastia intercedens f. integrascens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Polyblastia intercedens f. intercedens (Nyl.) Lönnr., Polyblastia intercedens var. intercedens (Nyl.) Lönnr., Polyblastia intercedens var. velata Th. Fr., Sporodictyon cupulare (A. Massal.) Trevis., Verrucaria fuscoargillacea (Anzi) Leight., Verrucaria fuscoargillacea f. fuscoargillacea (Anzi) Leight., Verrucaria fuscoargillacea f. obscurata Vain., Verrucaria intercedens Nyl., Verrucaria intercedens f. integrascens Nyl., Verrucaria intercedens f. intercedens Nyl.]
significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Spribille et al. (2020)
source: Dillman et al. (2012)
significant change since the previous checklist version , source: Spribille et al. (2020)
[Amphoroblastia gothica (Th. Fr.) Servít, Verrucaria gothica (Th. Fr.) Leight.]
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