Consortium of Lichen Herbaria
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Lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental US & Canada (Version 22)
Taxa explicitly excluded: Erroneous reports of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi from North America (version #22)
Citation: This version (Version #22, 29 January 2018) of the checklist is being simultaneously published online by North Dakota State University, and in Opuscula Philolichenum 17: 6-268.
Locality: Continental United States of America and Canada
Abstract:
Version 22 of the checklist of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi occurring in North America north of Mexico is presented. It includes a total of 5,561 species in 755 genera, with an additional 41 subspecies, 44 varieties, and 3 forms. The total species number includes 615 lichenicolous fungi, 107 saprophytic fungi related to lichens or to lichenicolous fungi, and another 53 species of varying and/or uncertain biological status.
Please click here to download the Reference List as a PDF.
PLEASE NOTE: Version #23 has recently been published on 19 September 2019; the current list here is now being updated.
Notes: The original checklist and its previous versions is available online at this website of North Dakota State University.
Families: 173
Genera: 764
Species: 5560
Total Taxa: 5600
[Canomaculina ultralucens (Krog) Elix & J.B. Chen, Parmelia subcrinita Nyl., Parmelia ultralucens Krog]
[Parmelia aberrans (Vain.) Abbayes, Parmelia caperata var. madagascariacea Hue, Parmelia chrysantha Tuck., Parmelia madagascariacea (Hue) Abbayes, Parmelia nyasensis C.W. Dodge, Parmelia perlata var. xanthina (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb., Parmelia proboscidea var. xanthina Müll. Arg., Parmelia xanthina (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Parmelia xanthina f. aberrans Vain., Parmelia xanthina f. isidiosa Müll. Arg., Parmelia xanthina f. xanthina (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Parmelia xanthina var. xanthina (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Parmotrema aberrans (Vain.) des Abbayes, Parmotrema madagascariaceum (Hue) Hale, Parmotrema nyasense (C.W. Dodge) R.S. Egan nom. illegit.]
[Parmelia latissima var. corniculata Kremp., Parmelia zollingeri Hepp]
Uncertain for North America (Lendemer & Harris 2016)
[Parmelia antillensis Nyl., Parmelia blastica Vain., Parmelina antillensis (Nyl.) Hale]
[Lecanora brouardii (B. de Lesd.) ined.]
Parmularia brouardii B. de Lesd. should be transferred to Lecanora.
source: Arup et al. (2015)
[Caloplaca jungermanniae var. subolivacea Th. Fr., Caloplaca subolivacea (Th. Fr.) Lynge, Caloplaca tiroliensis Zahlbr.]
source: Cole & D. Hawksworth (2001)
[Thyrea pyrenoides (Nyl.) Fink]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Knudsen et al. (2017)
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Knudsen et al. (2017)
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: McCune (2017)
[Omphalaria kansana Tuck.]
source: McCune et al. (2014b)
[Placynthium subnigrum B. de Lesd., Synalissa subnigra (B. de Lesd.) Henssen]
[Synalissa texana Tuck.]
source: Tretiach & Schultz (2007)
[Amphiloma plumbeum (Lightf.) Hepp, Biatora plumbea (Lightf.) Mont., Coccocarpia plumbea (Lightf.) Müll. Stuttg., Degelia plumbea (Lightf.) P.M. Jørg. & P. James, Imbricaria plumbea (Lightf.) DC., Lichen plumbeus Lightf., Pannaria plumbea (Lightf.) Bory, Pannaria plumbea f. plumbea (Lightf.) Bory, Pannaria plumbea var. cyanoloma (Schaer.) Malbr., Pannaria plumbea var. myriocarpa Delise, Pannaria plumbea var. plumbea (Lightf.) Bory, Pannularia plumbea (Lightf.) Harm., Parmelia plumbea (Lightf.) Ach., Parmelia plumbea var. cyanoloma Schaer., Parmelia plumbea var. plumbea (Lightf.) Ach., Parmeliella plumbea (Lightf.) Vain., Parmeliella plumbea var. cyanoloma (Schaer.) Zahlbr., Parmeliella plumbea var. plumbea (Lightf.) Vain., Patellaria plumbea (Lightf.) Wallr., Patinella plumbea (Lightf.) Sacc., Placodium plumbeum (Lightf.) Hook., Placolecis plumbea (Lightf.) Trevis., Trachyderma plumbeum (Lightf.) Norman, Zeora plumbea (Lightf.) Flot.]
source: Ekman et al. (2014)
[Chloropeltigera aphthosa (L.) Gyeln., Lichen aphthosus L., Peltidea aphthosa (L.) Ach., Peltidea aphthosa f. aphthosa (L.) Ach., Peltidea aphthosa f. crispa Vain., Peltidea aphthosa var. aphthosa (L.) Ach., Peltidea aphthosa var. verrucosa Ach.]
[Peltigera hydrothyria var. aquatica (Miadl. & Lendemer) McCune]
source: Miądlikowska et al. (2014b)
[Peltidea variolosa f. britannica Gyeln., Peltigera aphthosa f. britannica (Gyeln.) Zahlbr., Peltigera variolosa f. britannica Gyeln.]
[Dermatodea canina (L.) A. St.-Hil., Lichen caninus L., Lichen caninus var. caninus L., Lichen caninus var. pellucidus Weber, Peltidea canina (L.) Ach., Peltidea canina var. canina (L.) Ach., Peltidea leucorrhiza Flörke, Deutsche Lich. 8: 10 (1821), Peltidea ulorrhiza Flörke, Peltidea ulorrhiza var. ulorrhiza Flörke, Peltigera canina f. leucorrhiza (Flörke) Flörke, Peltigera canina var. ulorrhiza (Flörke) Schaer. nom. illegit., Peltophora canina (L.) Clem., Pulmonaria terrestris Bory nom. illegit.]
source: Goffinet et al. (2003)
source: Goward & Goffinet (2000)
[Lichen collinus Ach., Peltidea collina (Ach.) Röhl., Peltidea horizontalis var. collina (Ach.) Wahlenb., Peltidea polydactylon var. collina (Ach.) Sommerf., Peltidea rufescens var. collina (Ach.) Ach., Peltidea scutata var. collina (Ach.) Gyeln., Peltigera aphthosa var. collina (Ach.) Wallr., Peltigera polydactylon var. collina (Ach.) Sommerf., Peltigera scutata var. collina (Ach.) Duby, Bot. Gall., Edn 2 (Paris) 2: 598 (1830)]
[Peltigera canina f. nitens Anders, Peltigera degenii f. nitens (Anders) Oxner, Peltigera degenii var. nitens (Anders) Trass, Peltigera nitens (Anders) Gyeln., Peltigera nitens f. nitens (Anders) Gyeln., Peltigera praetextata var. nitens (Anders) Szatala]
[Lichen spurius Ach., Peltidea canina var. spuria (Ach.) DC., Peltidea erumpens Taylor, Peltidea spuria (Ach.) Ach., Peltigera canina subsp. erumpens (Taylor) Vain., Peltigera canina var. erumpens (Taylor) Hue, Peltigera canina var. spuria (Ach.) Schaer., Peltigera erumpens (Taylor) Elenkin, Peltigera erumpens f. densa Gyeln., Peltigera erumpens f. erumpens (Taylor) Lange, Peltigera erumpens f. glabrescens Gyeln., Peltigera erumpens f. hazslinszkyi (Gyeln.) Szatala, Peltigera erumpens f. leptoderma (Nyl.) Schol. ex Lynge, Peltigera erumpens f. scabrida Gyeln., Peltigera erumpens var. erumpens (Taylor) Lange, Peltigera erumpens var. hazslinszkyi (Gyeln.) Oxner, Peltigera erumpens var. leptoderma (Nyl.) Dombr., Peltigera rufescens f. spuria (Ach.) Körb., Peltigera rufescens var. spuria (Ach.) Gyeln., Peltigera spuria (Ach.) DC., Peltigera spuria f. hazslinszkyi (Gyeln.) H. Magn., Peltigera spuria f. sorediata (Schaer.) Grummann, Peltigera spuria f. spuria (Ach.) DC., Peltigera spuria var. calcicola Räsänen, Peltigera spuria var. erumpens (Taylor) Harm., Peltigera spuria var. hazslinszkyi (Gyeln.) Trass, Peltigera spuria var. leptoderma (Nyl.) Frey, Peltigera spuria var. magyarica (Gyeln.) Szatala, Peltigera spuria var. spuria (Ach.) DC., Peltigera spuria var. uluguruensis Vězda]
[Peltigera canina var. extenuata Nyl. ex Vain., Peltigera didactyla var. extenuata (Nyl. ex Vain.) Goffinet & Hastings, Peltigera hazslinszkyi Gyeln.]
source: Goffinet et al. (2003)
source: Vitikainen (2004)
source: Vitikainen (1994)
[Peltigera hydrothyria var. gowardii (Lendemer & O'Brien) McCune]
source: Lendemer & O’Brien (2011)
[Antilyssa horizontalis (Huds.) Choisy, Lichen horizontalis Huds., Lichen horizontalis var. horizontalis Huds., Peltidea horizontalis (Huds.) Ach., Peltidea horizontalis var. horizontalis (Huds.) Ach., Peltigera canina var. horizontalis (Huds.) L. Marchand, Peltigera horizontalis f. muscorum (Schaer.) Zahlb., Peltigera horizontalis var. muscorum Schaer., Peltigera rufescens var. horizontalis (Huds.) Spreng.]
[Hydrothyria fontana Nyl., Hydrothyria venosa J.L. Russell]
source: Miądlikowska & Lutzoni (2000)
[Peltidea hymenina Ach., Peltidea polydactylonis var. hymenina (Ach.) Flot., Peltigera polydactylon f. hymenina (Ach.) Flot., Peltigera polydactylon var. hymenina (Ach.) Flot.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Manoharan-Basil et al. (2016)
source: Holtan-Hartwig (2005)
[Peltigera canina var. lepidophora Vain.]
[Chloropeltigera variolosa (A. Massal.) Gyeln., Chloropeltigera variolosa var. leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyeln., Chloropeltigera variolosa var. variolosa (A. Massal.) Gyeln., Peltidea leucophlebia (Nyl.) Räsänen, Peltidea variolosa (A. Massal.) M. Choisy, Peltidea variolosa f. variolosa (A. Massal.) M. Choisy, Peltigera aphthosa f. variolosa A. Massal., Peltigera aphthosa var. leucophlebia Nyl., Peltigera aphthosa var. variolosa A. Massal., Peltigera variolosa (A. Massal.) Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa f. cinerea Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa f. crispa (Vain.) Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa f. dactylodes (Gyeln.) Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa f. dilaceratella (Gyeln.) Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa f. subalba Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa f. variolosa (A. Massal.) Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa var. dactylodes Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa var. digitata Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa var. leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa var. microphyllina Gyeln., Peltigera variolosa var. variolosa (A. Massal.) Gyeln.]
source: Dillman et al. (2012)
[Peltidea canina var. malacea (Ach.) Wahlenb., Peltidea malacea Ach.]
[Peltidea canina var. membranacea Ach., Peltigera canina f. membranacea (Ach.) Duby, Peltigera canina var. membranacea (Ach.) Duby]
source: Vitikainen (2004)
[Peltidea polydactyla var. microcarpa Ach., Peltigera polydactylon f. collina Nyl., Peltigera polydactylon f. microcarpa (Ach.) Mérat, Peltigera polydactylon var. microcarpa (Ach.) Schaer., Peltigera rufescens f. incusa Körb.]
[Peltigera polydactylon var. neopolydactylis Gyeln.]
source: Goffinet & Miądlikowska (1999)
[Lichen caninus var. polydactylon (Neck.) Lightf., Lichen polydactylon Neck., Peltidea polydactyla var. polydactyla (Neck.) Ach., Peltidea polydactylon (Neck.) Ach., Peltigera canina var. polydactylon (Neck.) Branth & Rostr., Peltigera polydactyla (Necker) Hoffm. [orthographic error], Peltigera polydactylon f. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm., Peltigera polydactylon subsp. udeghe Magain, Miadl. & Sérus., Peltigera polydactylon var. major Schaer., Peltigera polydactylon var. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm., Peltigera rufescens var. polydactylon (Neck.) Torss.]
[Lichen caninus var. polydactylon (Neck.) Lightf., Lichen polydactylon Neck., Peltidea polydactyla var. polydactyla (Neck.) Ach., Peltidea polydactylon (Neck.) Ach., Peltigera canina var. polydactylon (Neck.) Branth & Rostr., Peltigera polydactyla (Necker) Hoffm. [orthographic error], Peltigera polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm., Peltigera polydactylon f. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm., Peltigera polydactylon var. major Schaer., Peltigera polydactylon var. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm., Peltigera rufescens var. polydactylon (Neck.) Torss.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Magain et al. (2016)
[Peltidea ulorrhiza var. praetextata Flörke, Peltigera canina subsp. praetextata (Flörke) Vain., Peltigera canina var. praetextata (Flörke) Hue, Peltigera rufescens f. innovans Körb., Peltigera rufescens f. praetextata (Flörke) Oxner, Peltigera rufescens var. lepidophora, Peltigera rufescens var. praetextata (Flörke) Nyl.]
[Lichen caninus var. rufescens Weiss, Lichen rufescens (Weiss) Neck., Peltidea rufescens (Weiss) Ach., Peltidea rufescens var. rufescens (Weiss) Ach., Peltigera canina var. rufescens (Weiss) Mudd]
[Peltigera rufescens var. scabrosa (Th. Fr.) Nyl.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Magain et al. (2016)
source: Vitikainen (2006)
[Lichen venosus L., Peltidea venosa (L.) Ach.]
[Heppia bolanderi (Tuck.) Vain., Pannaria bolanderi Tuck., Pannariella bolanderi (Tuck.) Gyeln.]
[Heppia clavata (Kremp.) Vain., Heterina clavata Kremp.]
[Phyllopeltula corticola (Büdel & R. Sant.) Kalb]
[Dermatocarpon euplocum (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Endocarpon euplocum (Ach.) Ach., Heppia euploca (Ach.) Vain., Heppia guepinii (Delise) Nyl., Heppia polyphylla B. de Lesd., Lichen euplocus Ach., Verrucaria euploca (Ach.) Borrer]
[Acarospora subglebosa (Müll.Arg.) Hue, Endocarpiscum obscurans Nyl., Heppia acarosporoides Müll.Arg., Heppia guepinii var. obscurans (Nyl.) Boistel, Heppia obscurans (Nyl.) Nyl., Heppia subglebosa (Müll. Arg.) I.M. Lamb, Peltula subglebosa (Müll. Arg.) Filson, Placodium subglebosum Müll.Arg.]
[Heppia deserticola Zahlbr.]
[Heppia hassei Zahlbr., Peltula hassei (Zahlbr.) Büdel, Kauff & Bachran]
[Endocarpiscum omphalizum (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Heppia omphaliza Nyl.]
[Acarospora patellata Bagl., Heppia australiensis Müll.Arg., Heppia leptopholis Nyl. ex Hasse, Heppia patellata (Bagl.) Stizenb., Heppia polyspora Tuck., Heppia terrena Nyl. ex Hasse, Peltula australiensis (Müll. Arg.) Filson]
[Endocarpiscum placodizans (Zahlbr.) Fink, Heppia placodizans Zahlbr., Peltula decorticans (Müll. Arg.) Filson, Placoheppia placodizans (Zahlbr.) Oxner, Pyrenopsidium decorticans Müll.Arg., Solorinaria placodizans (Zahlbr.) Gyeln.]
source: Büdel & Nash (2002)
[Heppia radicata (Nyl.) Vain.]
[Heppia richardsii Herre]
[Dufourea tortuosa Nees, Heppia tortuosa (Nyl.) Vain., Heterina tortuosa Nyl.]
[Heppia zahlbruckneri Hasse]
[Didymosphaeria dannenbergii Stein, Didymosphaeria fuliguncta (Norman) Vain., Didymosphaeria micula (Körb.) Vain., Microthelia fuliguncta Norman, Mycomicrothelia micula (Körb.) V. Wirth]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Aptroot (2002d)
[Microthelia grandiuscula Anzi, Microthelia micula f. grandiuscula (Anzi) Keissl.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Melanotheca superveniens Nyl., Metasphaeria superveniens (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
source: Lendemer et al. (2008a)
source: Lumbsch & Nash (1999)
source: Lumbsch & Nash (1999)
[Parmelia subfusca var. bryontha Ach., Pionospora bryontha (Ach.) Th. Fr.]
[Lecanora carneopallida Nyl., Lecanora protuberans Sommerf., Lecidea carneopallida (Nyl.) Nyl., Pertusaria protuberans (Sommerf.) Th. Fr., Pertusaria protuberans var. disjuneta Erichsen, Pertusaria protuberans var. macrospora Erichsen, Pertusaria protuberans var. protuberans (Sommerf.) Th. Fr.]
[Lecanidium inquinatum (Ach.) M. Choisy, Lecanora coarctata var. inquinata Ach., Pertusaria inquinata (Ach.) Th. Fr., Pertusaria inquinata f. dispersa Erichsen, Pertusaria inquinata f. inquinata (Ach.) Th. Fr., Pertusaria inquinata f. nolens (Nyl.) Boistel, Pertusaria inquinata f. obscurata Th. Fr., Pertusaria inquinata f. subinquinata (J. Steiner) Erichsen, Pertusaria inquinata var. inquinata (Ach.) Th. Fr., Pertusaria inquinata var. karelica Räsänen, Pertusaria inquinata var. personata Th. Fr., Pertusaria inquinata var. sensibilis Erichsen, Pertusaria inquinata var. subinquinata (J. Steiner) J. Steiner, Pertusaria nolens Nyl., Pertusaria nolens var. nolens Nyl., Pertusaria nolens var. obscurata (Th. Fr.) H. Magn., Pertusaria nolens var. personata (Th. Fr.) H. Magn., Pertusaria nolens var. sensibilis (Erichsen) H. Magn.]
[Isidium coccodes (Ach.) Ach., Isidium phymatodes Ach., Isidium phymatodes var. phymatodes Ach., Lichen coccodes Ach., Pertusaria coccodes var. petraea Erichsen, Pertusaria coccodes var. phymatodes (Ach.) Almb., Pertusaria phymatodes (Ach.) Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes f. albocincta Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes f. faginea (Erichsen) Oxner, Pertusaria phymatodes f. ferruginea Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes f. phymatodes (Ach.) Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes f. trichialis (Erichsen) Oxner, Pertusaria phymatodes f. tristicolor Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes var. dissoluta Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes var. faginea Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes var. phymatodes (Ach.) Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes var. trichialis Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes var. zonata Erichsen, Variolaria coccodes (Ach.) Hepp, Variolaria phymatodes (Ach.) Hepp]
source: Tønsberg (1999a)
[Lepra commutata (Mull.Arg) Lendemer & R.C.Harris, Pertusaria commutata Müll.Arg., Variolaria commutata (Müll. Arg.) Lendemer, R.C. Harris & A.M. Ruiz nom. inval.]
[Pertusaria coriacea var. obducens Zahlbr.]
[Lecanora geminipara Th. Fr., Lecanora leprothelia Nyl., Ochrolechia geminipara (Th. Fr.) Vain., Ochrolechia leprothelia (Nyl.) Arnold, Toensbergia geminipara (Th. Fr.) T. Sprib. & Resl]
[Lecanora glaucomela Tuck.]
[Porina globularis Ach.]
[Pionospora glomerata (Ach.) Darb., Porina glomerata Ach.]
[Pertusaria hymenea f. glabrescens (Nyl.) Oxner, Pertusaria wulfenii DC., Pertusaria wulfenii f. carnea Fr., Pertusaria wulfenii f. cinerea A. Massal. ex Anzi, Pertusaria wulfenii f. lecanorodes (Erichsen) Almb., Pertusaria wulfenii f. plumbea Harm., Pertusaria wulfenii f. rugosa (Ach.) Almb., Pertusaria wulfenii f. sparsa Erichsen, Pertusaria wulfenii f. sparsilis (Nyl.) Cromb., Pertusaria wulfenii f. tetraspora Almb., Pertusaria wulfenii f. wulfenii DC., Pertusaria wulfenii var. exasperata Erichsen, Pertusaria wulfenii var. glabrata Anzi, Pertusaria wulfenii var. glabrescens Nyl., Pertusaria wulfenii var. lecanorodes (Erichsen) Erichsen, Pertusaria wulfenii var. pleiocarpa Erichsen, Pertusaria wulfenii var. rugosa (Ach.) Nyl., Pertusaria wulfenii var. rupicola Fr., Pertusaria wulfenii var. sorediata J.J. Kickx, Pertusaria wulfenii var. urceolata Erichsen, Pertusaria wulfenii var. variolosa Fr., Pertusaria wulfenii var. wulfenii DC., Thelotrema hymeneum Ach., Thelotrema hymeneum var. carnea Turner, Thelotrema hymeneum var. hymeneum Ach.]
source: Schmitt et al. (2006)
[Pertusaria leucostoma A. Massal., Pertusaria leucostoma f. cryptostoma Erichsen, Pertusaria leucostoma f. leucostoma (Ach.) A. Massal., Pertusaria leucostoma f. variolosa (Müll. Arg.) Erichsen, Pertusaria leucostoma var. areolascens Erichsen, Pertusaria leucostoma var. dehiscens Erichsen, Pertusaria leucostoma var. intermpta Erichsen, Pertusaria leucostoma var. leucostoma (Ach.) A. Massal., Pertusaria leucostoma var. mamillana Erichsen, Porina leucostoma (Ach.) Ach., Thelotrema leucostomum Ach.]
[Melanaria macounii I.M. Lamb, Pertusaria leioterella f. cerostoma Erichsen, Pertusaria leioterella f. leioterella Erichsen, Pertusaria leioterella var. albocincta Erichsen, Pertusaria leioterella var. leioterella Erichsen, Pertusaria leioterella var. major (Müll. Arg.) Erichsen, Pertusaria leioterella var. mendax (Müll. Arg.) Erichsen, Pertusaria leioterella var. nilgherrensis (Müll. Arg.) Erichsen]
source: Lumbsch & Nash (1999)
source: Spribille et al. (2010)
source: Nash et al. (1998)
[Pertusaria neolecanina Lumbsch & Th. Nash]
source: Lendemer et al. (2013)
source: Schmitt et al. (2006)
[Isidium oculatum (Dicks.) Ach., Isidium oculatum var. fastigiatum Turner & Borrer, Isidium oculatum var. oculatum (Dicks.) Ach., Lecanidium oculatum (Dicks.) A. Massal., Lecanora oculata (Dicks.) Ach., Lichen oculatus Dicks., Parmelia oculata (Dicks.) Fr., Pionospora oculata (Dicks.) Darb., Rinodina oculata (Dicks.) Gray]
[Pertusaria shenandoensis Hale & Dibben]
[Pertusaria marginata Nyl., Pertusaria rubescens Erichsen, Pertusaria rubescens var. pallidior Erichsen, Pertusaria rubescens var. rubescens Erichsen, Pertusaria torquata Müll. Arg.]
[Isidium microstictum (Sm.) Turner & Borrer, Isidium westringii (Lilj.) Ach., Lichen ceuthocarpus Sm., Lichen microsticticus Sm., Lichen pseudocorallinus Sw., Lichen westringii Lilj., Pertusaria ceuthocarpa f. microstictica (Sm.) Cromb., Pertusaria ceuthocarpoides var. microstictica (Sm.) Zahlbr., Pertusaria concreta Nyl., Pertusaria concreta var. concreta Nyl., Pertusaria concreta var. intermedia Harm., Pertusaria microstictica (Sm.) Erichsen, Pertusaria microstictica f. microstictica (Sm.) Erichsen, Pertusaria microstictica f. pallidior Erichsen, Pertusaria phymatodes f. westringii (Lilj.) Erichsen, Pertusaria pseudocorallina f. pseudocorallina (Lilj.) Arnold, Pertusaria pseudocorallina var. pseudocorallina (Lilj.) Arnold, Pertusaria westringii (Lilj.) Leight., Porina ceuthocarpa (Sm.) Taylor, Variolaria westringii (Lilj.) Wahlenb.]
[Lecanora pupillaris Nyl., Pertusaria chloropolia var. planiuscula H. Magn.]
[Lichen melaleucus Turner & Borrer, Pertusaria melaleuca (Turner & Borrer) Duby, Pertusaria melaleuca var. cyclops (Körb.) Hepp, Pertusaria melaleuca var. decussata (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Pertusaria melaleuca var. ginzbergeri Zahlbr., Pertusaria melaleuca var. glabrata (Anzi) H. Olivier, Pertusaria melaleuca var. heterochroa (Müll. Arg.) J. Steiner, Pertusaria melaleuca var. melaleuca (Turner & Borrer) Duby, Pertusaria melaleuca var. octospora Müll.Arg., Pertusaria melaleuca var. tetramera Müll.Arg., Pertusaria melaleuca var. trispora Müll.Arg., Porina pustulata Ach., Porophora pustulata (Leight.) anon., Thelotrema melaleucum (Turner & Borrer) Turner]
[Pertusaria finkii Zahlbr.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Seavey et al. (2017)
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Lumbsch et al. (1999)
[Pertusaria leioplacoides var. plicatula Müll.Arg., Pertusaria tetrathalamia f. tetrathalamia (Fée) Nyl., Pertusaria tetrathalamia var. plicatula (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Pertusaria tetrathalamia var. tetrathalamia (Fée) Nyl., Porina tetrathalamia (Fée) Fée, Trypethelium subumbilicatum C. Knight, Trypethelium tetrathalamium Fée]
[Pertusaria disticha Erichsen]
[Ochrolechia trachydactyla (Vainio) ined.]
Pertusaria trachydactyla Vain.should be transferred to Ochrolechia.
[Gyalecta clausa (Hoffm.) A. Massal., Gyalecta exanthemica (Sm.) Fr., Gyalecta exanthemica var. dolichospora B. de Lesd., Gyalecta exanthemica var. exanthemica (Sm.) Fr., Lecidea exanthemica (Sm.) Nyl., Lichen clausus Hoffm., Lichen exanthemicus Sm., Parmelia exanthemica (Sm.) Spreng., Patellaria clausa (Hoffm.) Nägeli, Petractis exanthemica (Sm.) Fr., Secoliga exanthemica (Sm.) Norman, Thelotrema clausum (Hoffm.) Schaer., Thelotrema exanthemicum (Sm.) Ach., Urceolaria exanthemica (Sm.) Ach., Verrucaria clausa (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Volvaria clausa (Hoffm.) Trevis., Volvaria exanthemica (Sm.) DC.]
source: Dillman et al. (2012)
[Gyalecta farlowii Tuck. ex Nyl.]
[Laetinaevia epithallina (W. Phillips & Plowr.) Baral, Peziza epithallina (W. Phillips & Plowr.) W. Phillips & Plowr.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Buellia glaucomaria (Nyl.) Tuck., Leciographa glaucomaria (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Opegrapha glaucomaria (Nyl.) Kallsten]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner (2009)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Nesolechia doerfeltii (Alstrup & P. Scholz) Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Scholz (1998)
[Abrothallus oxysporus Tul., Biatora oxyspora (Tul.) Tuck., Epithallia oxyspora (Tul.) Nyl., Lecidea oxyspora (Tul.) Nyl., Lecidea oxyspora var. oxyspora (Tul.) Nyl., Nesolechia fusca (Triebel & Rambold) Pérez-Ortega, Nesolechia oxyspora (Tul.) A. Massal., Nesolechia oxyspora var. fusca (Triebel & Rambold) Diederich, Phacopsis oxyspora (Tul.) Triebel & Rambold, Phacopsis oxyspora var. fusca Triebel & Rambold, Phacopsis oxyspora var. oxyspora (Tul.) Triebel & Rambold, Punctelia oxyspora (Tul.) Divakar, A. Crespo & Lumbsch, Scutula oxyspora (Tul.) P. Karst.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Abrothallus oxysporus Tul., Biatora oxyspora (Tul.) Tuck., Epithallia oxyspora (Tul.) Nyl., Lecidea oxyspora (Tul.) Nyl., Lecidea oxyspora var. oxyspora (Tul.) Nyl., Nesolechia fusca (Triebel & Rambold) Pérez-Ortega, Nesolechia oxyspora (Tul.) A. Massal., Nesolechia oxyspora var. fusca (Triebel & Rambold) Diederich, Phacopsis fusca (Triebel & Rambold) Diederich, Phacopsis oxyspora var. fusca Triebel & Rambold, Phacopsis oxyspora var. oxyspora (Tul.) Triebel & Rambold, Punctelia oxyspora (Tul.) Divakar, A. Crespo & Lumbsch, Scutula oxyspora (Tul.) P. Karst.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Lecidea thallicola A. Massal., Mycoblastus thallicola (A. Massal.) Trevis., Nesolechia thallicola (A. Massal.) Rehm, Scutula thallicola (A. Massal.) Anzi]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Agyrium vulpinum (Tul.) H. Olivier]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Arthonia varia (Tul.) Jatta nom. illegit., Buellia physciaria (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Celidium varium (Tul.) Körb., Lecidea physciaria Nyl., Leciographa physciaria (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Opegrapha physciaria (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. & Coppins, Phacopsis varia Tul.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner (2009)
[Calicium betulinum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Calicium pallescens f. betulinum Nyl., Calicium subtile f. betulinum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Mycocalicium betulinum (Nyl.) Vain.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Selva & Tibell (1999)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: McCune et al. (2014b)
[Calicium compressulum (Nyl. ex Vain.) Ozenda & Clauzade, Mycocalicium compressulum Nyl. ex Szat., Mycocalicium praecedens var. compressulum Nyl. ex Vain.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Calicium curtisii Tuck., Mycocalicium curtisii (Tuck.) A. Schneid., Phacotium curtisii (Tuck.) Trevis.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Selva & Tibell (1999)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Hardman et al. (2016)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Selva & Tibell (1999)
[Calicium minutissimum G. Merr., Stenocybe minutissima (G. Merr.) Zahlbr.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Selva & Tibell (1999)
[Calicium polyporaeum Nyl., Mycocalicium polyporaeum (Nyl.) Vain.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Calicium curtum var. populinum Turner & Borrer, Calicium populneum Brond. ex Duby, Embolidium populneum (Brond. ex Duby) Vain., Phacotium populneum (Brond. ex Duby) Trevis.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Calicium praecedens Nyl., Calicium praecedens var. compressulum Nyl., Calicium praecedens var. praecedens Nyl., Chaenotheca praecedens (Nyl.) Lindau, Mycocalicium praecedens (Nyl.) Szatala, Mycocalicium praecedens var. praecedens (Nyl.) Vain.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Calicium tremulicola (Norrl. ex Nyl.) Rehm, Stenocybe tremulicola Norrlin ex Nyl.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Tibell (1996), Selva & Tibell (1999)
[Phaeographina asteroides Fink]
source: Lendemer & Knudsen (2008b)
[Phaeographina atromaculata A.W. Archer, Phaeographis illitoraticola Lendemer, R.C. Harris & Yahr nom. inval., Phaeographis kalbii Staiger]
source: Lendemer & Knudsen (2008b)
[Creographa brasiliensis A. Massal., Graphis subtigrina Vain., Graphis tigrinella f. subtigrina (Vain.) Vain., Phaeographina brasiliensis (A. Massal.) Zahlbr., Phaeographis subtigrina (Vain.) Zahlbr., Sarcographa tricosa f. subtigrina (Vain.) Zahlbr., Ustalia brasiliensis (A. Massal.) Stizenb.]
source: Archer (2006)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Arthonia sinensigrapha Fée, Graphis dendritica (Ach.) Ach., Graphis dendritica f. dendritica (Ach.) Ach., Graphis dendritica f. obtusa Leight., Graphis dendritica var. dendritica (Ach.) Ach., Graphis dendritica var. obtusa Mudd, Graphis sinensigrapha (Fée) A. Massal., Hymenodecton dendriticum (Ach.) Leight., Opegrapha dendritica Ach., Phaeographis dendritica var. obtusa (Leight.) Müll. Arg., Phaeographis dendritica var. sinensigrapha (Fée) Zahlbr., Platygramma dendritica (Ach.) G. Mey., Platygramma dendriticum (Ach.) G. Mey.]
[Graphina dividens (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Phaeographina dividens (Nyl.) Kr.P. Singh & D.D. Awasthi]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Seavey et al. (2017)
[Graphis erumpens Nyl.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Graphis haematites Fée, Pyrographa haematites (Fée) A. Massal.]
[Graphis intricans Nyl., Sarcographa intricans (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.]
source: Staiger (2002)
[Graphis inusta Ach., Graphis inusta var. emergens Vain. ex Van der Byl, Graphis inusta var. inusta Ach., Opegrapha inusta (Ach.) Tuck.]
[Graphis leiogrammodes Kremp., Phaeographina leiogrammodes (Kremp.) M. Wirth & Hale]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Graphis lobata (Eschw.) Reinke, Lecanactis lobata Eschw., Leiogramma lobatum (Eschw.) Eschw., Pachnolepia lobata (Eschw.) Körb.]
[Lecanactis sericea var. major Kremp., Phaeographis sericea var. major (Kremp.) Zahlbr.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Phaeographis brevinigra Sipman ined.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Lendemer & Harris (2014a)
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Seavey et al. (2017)
[Graphis punctiformis (Eschw.) Nyl., Leiogramma punctiforme Eschw.]
[Graphis quadrifera Nyl., Phaeographina quadrifera (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Seavey et al. (2017)
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Seavey et al. (2017)
[Ectographis scalpturata (Ach.) Trevis., Graphina scalpturata (Ach.) Müll. Arg., Graphis scalpturata Ach., Graphis scalpturata f. scalpturata Ach., Graphis scalpturata var. scalpturata Ach., Leiogramma scalpturatum (Ach.) Eschw., Opegrapha scalpturata (Ach.) Mont., Phaeographina scalpturata (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Phaeographina scalpturata subsp. scalpturata (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Phaeographina scalpturata var. scalpturata (Ach.) Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Graphis dendritica var. smithii Leight., Graphis inusta var. macularis (Leight.) Mudd, Graphis smithii Leight., Graphis smithii var. macularis Leight., Graphis smithii var. smithii Leight., Phaeographis inusta var. macularis (Leight.) A.L. Sm.]
source: Tønsberg (1999a)
[Physcia adiastola Essl.]
[Lichen ciliatus Hoffm., Physcia ciliata (Hoffm.) Du Rietz, Physcia ciliata f. chloantha (Ach.) Nádv., Physcia ciliata f. ciliata (Hoffm.) Du Rietz, Physcia ciliata f. delicatula J.W. Thomson, Physcia ciliata f. erythrocardia (Tuck.) J.W. Thomson, Physcia ciliata f. fibrillosa J.W. Thomson, Physcia ciliata f. squamulosa J.W. Thomson, Physcia ciliata var. ciliata (Hoffm.) Du Rietz, Physcia ciliata var. endophoenicea (Harm.) Zahlbr., Physcia obscura f. ciliata (Hoffm.) Lynge, Physcia obscura f. elongata (Räsänen) Zahlbr., Physcia obscura f. erigens Vain., Physcia obscura f. gibbosa Räsänen, Physcia obscura f. lithotodes Vain., Physcia obscura f. pruinosa Vain., Physcia obscura f. saxicola Vain., Physcia obscura var. adglutinata (Flörke) Nyl., Physcia obscura var. chloantha Rabenh., Physcia obscura var. combinata Kremp., Physcia obscura var. cycloselioides Vain., Physcia obscura var. erythrocardia Tuck., Physcia obscura var. glaucovirens Zahlbr., Physcia obscura var. muscicola Schaer., Physcia obscura var. recurva Vain., Physcia obscura var. sorediifera Nyl.]
[Physcia constipata Norrl. & Nyl., Physcia constipata subsp. constipata (Nyl.) Vain.]
[Physcia decolor Kashiw.]
[Dimelaena endococcina (Körb.) Trevis., Hagenia endococcina (Körb.) Bagl., Hagenia endococcina var. endococcina (Körb.) Bagl., Hagenia endococcina var. venusta Bagl., Parmelia endococcina Körb., Phaeophyscia endococcina var. endococcina (Körb.) Moberg, Physcia endococcina (Körb.) Th. Fr., Physcia endococcina f. albicans (Harm.) H. Olivier, Physcia endococcina f. endococcina (Körb.) Nyl., Physcia endococcina f. lithotodes (Vain.) J.W. Thomson, Physcia endococcina f. ocellata (Erichsen) Lynge, Physcia endococcina f. tenuissima Nádv., Physcia endococcina f. venusta (Bagl.) H. Olivier, Physcia endococcina var. albicans (Harm.) Sántha, Physcia endococcina var. decolor (Kashiw.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Physcia endococcina var. endococcina (Körb.) Nyl., Physcia endococcina var. hypoleuca Nádv., Physcia endococcina var. khumbuensis Poelt, Physcia endococcina var. latiloga H. Magn. ex Awasthi, Physcia lithotodes Nyl., Physcia lithotodes var. endococcina (Körb.) Degel., Physcia sciastra f. endococcina (Körb.) M. Choisy]
[Phaeophyscia endococcina var. endococcinodes (Poelt) Moberg, Physcia endococcinodes Poelt, Physcia endococcinodes var. endococcinodes Poelt]
[Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi (Nádv.) Essl., Physcia cernohorskyi Nádv., Physcia cernohorskyi var. cernohorskyi Nádv., Physcia hirsuta Mereschk., Physcia hirsuta var. hirsuta Mereschk., Physcia labrata Mereschk., Physcia labrata f. labrata Mereschk., Physcia labrata var. labrata Mereschk., Physcia strigosa Poelt & Buschardt]
[Dimelaena setosa (Ach.) Trevis., Parmelia hispidula Ach., Parmelia setosa Ach., Phaeophyscia hispidula subsp. hispidula (Ach.) Essl., Phaeophyscia hispidula var. hispidula (Ach.) Essl., Physcia hispidula (Ach.) Frey, Physcia hispidula subsp. exornatula (Zahlbr.) Poelt, Physcia hispidula subsp. hispidula (Ach.) Frey, Physcia hispidula subsp. primaria Poelt, Physcia setosa (f. virella) B. de Lesd., Physcia setosa f. deminuta Cromb., Physcia setosa f. setosa (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia setosa f. sulphurascens Zahlbr., Physcia setosa f. virella B. de Lesd., Physcia setosa var. albociliata B. de Lesd., Physcia setosa var. exornatula Zahlbr., Physcia setosa var. setosa (Ach.) Nyl.]
[Physcia insignis Mereschk., Physcia ticinensis (Mereschk.) Frey]
[Physcia kairamoi Vain., Physcia nadvornikii Frey & Poelt, Physcia nadvornikii f. nadvornikii Frey & Poelt]
[Physcia leana Tuck.]
[Lecanora nigricans Flörke, Parmelia obscura f. sciastrella Nyl., Parmelia tremulicola (Nyl.) Arnold, Physcia nigricans (Flörke) Stizenb., Physcia nigricans f. fusca (Räsänen) Zahlbr., Physcia nigricans f. nigricans (Flörke) Stizenb., Physcia nigricans f. parvula (Vain.) Nádv., Physcia nigricans f. tremulicola (Nyl.) Maas Geest., Physcia nigricans var. auraënsis (Vain.) Räsänen, Physcia nigricans var. groenlandica Å.E. Dahl, Physcia nigricans var. helvetica (Vain. ex Räsänen) Frey, Physcia nigricans var. nigricans (Flörke) Stizenb., Physcia nigricans var. sciastrella (Nyl.) Lynge, Physcia nigricans var. tremulicola (Nyl.) Lynge, Physcia sciastrella (Nyl.) Harm., Physcia sciastrella var. sciastrella (Nyl.) Harm., Physcia sciastrella var. sublurida Vain., Physcia tremulicola Nyl., Physcia tremulicola f. atra Lynge, Physcia tremulicola f. tremulicola Nyl., Physcia tremulicola subsp. leptothallina Vain., Physcia tremulicola subsp. tremulicola Nyl.]
[Anaptychia obscura (Ehrh.) A. Massal., Anaptychia obscura var. cycloselis (Ach.) A. Massal., Anaptychia obscura var. obscura (Ehrh.) A. Massal., Borrera obscura (Ehrh.) Mudd, Borrera obscura var. obscura (Ehrh.) Mudd, Borrera obscura var. virella (Ach.) Mudd, Dimelaena obscura (Ehrh.) Norman, Hagenia obscura (Ehrh.) De Not., Imbricaria cycloselis (Ach.) DC., Imbricaria obscura (Ehrh.) Kickx, Lecanora virella (Ach.) Ach., Lichen cycloselis Ach., Lichen orbicularis Neck., Lichen virellus Ach., Lobaria obscura (Ehrh.) Gaertn., G. Mey. & Scherb., Lobaria orbicularis (Baumg.) Hoffm., Parmelia cycloselis (Ach.) Ach., Parmelia cycloselis var. cycloselis (Ach.) Ach., Parmelia obscura (Ehrh.) Fr., Parmelia obscura f. cycloselis (Ach.) Körb., Parmelia obscura f. obscura (Ehrh.) Fr., Parmelia obscura f. orbicularis (Baumg.) Arnold, Parmelia obscura f. pseudoplatani Britzelm., Parmelia obscura var. muscicola Schaer., Parmelia obscura var. obscura (Ehrh.) Fr., Parmelia obscura var. saxicola A. Massal., Parmelia virella (Ach.) Ach., Phaeophyscia orbicularis f. virella (Ach.) J. Nowak, Phaeophyscia orbicularis var. hueana (Harm.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Physcia cycloselis (Ach.) Vain. ex Räsänen, Physcia cycloselis f. cycloselis (Ach.) Vain., Physcia cycloselis f. elongata Räsänen, Physcia cycloselis f. sorediifera (Nyl.) Räsänen, Physcia cycloselis var. cycloselis (Ach.) Vain. ex Räsänen, Physcia hueana (Harm.) Klem., Physcia obscura Nyl., Physcia obscura f. hueana Harm., Physcia obscura f. obscura (Ehrh.) Fürnr., Physcia obscura var. cycloselis (Ach.) J.J. Kickx, Physcia obscura var. obscura (Ehrh.) Fürnr., Physcia obscura var. virella (Ach.) Leight., Physcia orbicularis (Necker) Poetsch, Physcia orbicularis f. albida B. de Lesd., Physcia orbicularis f. albociliata (B. de Lesd.) J.W. Thomson, Physcia orbicularis f. bicolor (Britzelm.) Grummann, Physcia orbicularis f. calcicola Nádv., Physcia orbicularis f. cycloselis (Ach.) Szatala, Physcia orbicularis f. elongata (Räsänen) Räsänen, Physcia orbicularis f. insignis (Mereschk.) Frey, Physcia orbicularis f. intermedia Schade, Physcia orbicularis f. orbicularis (Baumg.) Poetsch, Physcia orbicularis f. pallida Räsänen, Physcia orbicularis f. pseudoplatani (Britzelm.) Sántha, Physcia orbicularis f. tristis Räsänen, Physcia orbicularis f. virella (Ach.) Schade, Physcia orbicularis var. ciliata, Physcia orbicularis var. hueana (Harm.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Physcia orbicularis var. labrata (Mereschk.) B. de Lesd., Physcia orbicularis var. orbicularis (Baumg.) Poetsch, Physcia orbicularis var. sorediifera (Nyl.) Räsänen, Physcia orbicularis var. transatlantica Räsänen, Physcia orbicularis var. virella (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Physcia ulothrix var. virella (Ach.) Cromb., Physcia virella (Ach.) Flagey, Physcia virella f. pallidior Mereschk., Physcia virella f. tenuisecta Mereschk., Physcia virella f. ticinensis Mereschk., Physcia virella f. virella (Ach.) Flagey, Physcia virella var. gracilis Mereschk., Physcia virella var. hueana (Harm.) Lindau, Physcia virella var. virella (Ach.) Flagey, Placodium orbiculare (Baumg.) Hoffm., Psora orbicularis Baumg., Rinodina virella (Ach.) Körb., Squamaria obscura (Ehrh.) Beltr., Xanthoria obscura (Ehrh.) Horw., Xanthoria ulothrix var. virella (Ach.) Horw.]
[Physcia pusilloides Zahlbr.]
[Physcia orbicularis f. rubropulchra Degel.]
[Dimelaena obscura var. sciastra (Ach.) Trevis., Hagenia obscura var. sciastra (Ach.) Bagl. & Carestia, Lichen fahlunensis var. sciastrus (Ach.) Wahlenb., Fl. lapp.: 428 (1812), Parmelia fahlunensis var. sciastra (Ach.) Ach., Parmelia sciastra Ach., Physcia lithotea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia lithotea f. arboricola Räsänen, Physcia lithotea f. erigens (Vain.) H. Olivier, Physcia lithotea f. lithotea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia lithotea f. perisidiosa Räsänen, Physcia lithotea var. erigens (Vain.) H. Olivier, Physcia lithotea var. lithotea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia lithotea var. sciastra (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia obscura var. sciastra (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia orbicularis f. sciastra (Ach.) Schade, Physcia sciastra (Ach.) Du Rietz, Physcia sciastra f. albicans (Harm.) M. Choisy, Physcia sciastra f. arboricola Kosk.{?}, Physcia sciastra f. cinerascens Nádv., Physcia sciastra f. depallens Nádv., Physcia sciastra f. erigens (Vain.) Nádv., Physcia sciastra f. muscicola (Schaer.) Szatala, Physcia sciastra f. salina (Erichsen) J.W. Thomson, Physcia sciastra f. sciastra (Ach.) Du Rietz, Physcia sciastra var. arborea Erichsen, Physcia sciastra var. muscicola (Schaer.) Frey, Physcia sciastra var. salina Erichsen, Physcia sciastra var. sciastra (Ach.) Du Rietz]
North American records of Physcia lacinulata belong here., source: Moberg (1995)
[Abrothallus moorei Linds., Bachmanniomyces punctum (A. Massal.) Diederich & Pino-Bodas, Lecidea cetrariicola Linds., Lecidea cladoniaria Nyl., Lecidea punctum (A. Massal.) Jatta, Nesolechia cetrariicola (Linds.) Arnold, Nesolechia cladoniaria (Nyl.) Zopf, Nesolechia punctum A. Massal.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Rambold & Triebel (1990)
[Dimelaena nimbosa (Fr.) Norman, Dimelaena nimbosa f. nimbosa (Fr.) Norman, Dimelaena nimbosa f. nuda Bagl. & Carestia, Diploicia nimbosa (Fr.) A. Massal., Lecanora nimbosa (Fr.) Nyl., Pachysporaria nimbosa (Fr.) M. Choisy, Parmelia nimbosa Fr., Psora nimbosa (Fr.) Hepp, Rinodina nimbosa (Fr.) Th. Fr., Rinodina nimbosa f. nimbosa (Fr.) Th. Fr., Rinodina nimbosa f. nuda (Bagl. & Carestia) H. Magn., Rinodina nimbosa f. pruinosa (Bagl. & Carestia) H. Magn., Rinodina nimbosa f. sareptana Tomin, Rinodina nimbosa var. athallina Lynge, Rinodina nimbosa var. nimbosa (Fr.) Th. Fr., Rinodina nimbosa var. nuda Lynge, Rinodina nimbosa var. pruinosa (Hav.) Lynge, Rinodina nimbosa var. sphaerocarpa Th. Fr., Rinodina phaeocarpa (Sommerf.) Vain., Squamaria nimbosa (Fr.) Boist.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2014)
[Arthopyrenia advenula (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Arthopyrenia advenula var. advenula (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Arthopyrenia advenula var. peregrina (Flot.) H. Olivier, Arthopyrenia advenula var. triphractus (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Endococcus triphractoides Nyl., Leptosphaeria advenula (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Phaeospora triphractoides (Nyl.) Zopf, Pharcidia triphractoides (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Thelidium parasiticum Lönnr., Verrucaria advenula Nyl., Verrucaria triphractoides (Nyl.) Leight.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Arthopyrenia endococcoidea (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Microthelia rimosicola (Leight.) Mudd, Phaeospora endococcoidea (Nyl.) Arnold, Pyrenula endococcoidea (Nyl.) Willey, Pyrenulella endococcoidea (Nyl.) Fink, Sphaerulina endococcoidea (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Tichothecium rimosicola (Leight.) Arnold, Verrucaria endococcoidea Nyl., Verrucaria rimosicola Leight.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Stigmidium parvum (Henssen) Diederich]
Pharcidia parva Henssen should be transferred to Stigmidium.
source: Schultz & Büdel (2005)
[Peccania wrightii (Tuck.) Forssell, Synalissa wrightii (Tuck.) Nyl.]
source: Schultz & Büdel (2005)
[Lecanora agelaea (Ach.) Röhl., Lichen agelaeus Ach., Peltigera agelaea (Ach.) Wallr., Thelotrema agelaeum (Ach.) Gray, Urceolaria agelaea (Ach.) Ach., Variolaria agelaea Turner]
[Lecidea argena (Ach.) Ach., Lepraria argena Ach., Lichen argenus (Ach.) Sm. & Sowerby, Parmelia argena (Ach.) Spreng., Pertusaria reducta Stirt., Pertusaria reducta var. hossei Räsänen, Pertusaria reducta var. reducta Stirt., Phlyctis argena f. erythrosora (Erichsen) Almb., Phlyctis erythrosora Erichsen, Thelotrema argenum (Ach.) Hepp, Urceolaria argena (Ach.) Balb., Variolaria argena (Ach.) Turner]
[Phlyctidia boliviensis (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. nom inval., Phlyctidia ludoviciensis Müll.Arg., Phlyctis ludoviciensis (Müll. Arg.) Lendemer]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21)
source: Harris & Ladd (2005, 2007)
[Diederichomyces caloplacae (D. Hawksw.) Crous & Trakun.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Lawrey et al. (2012)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hawksworth & Cole (2004)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich et al. (2007)
[Abrothallus lobariae (Diederich & Etayo) Diederich & Ertz]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner et al. (2002)
[Catillaria lobariicola (Alstrup) Coppins & Aptroot, Scutula lobariicola Alstrup]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Spribillle et al. (2010)
[Phyllosticta peltigerae P. Karst.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Laursen (2003)
[Xenophoma puncteliae (Diederich & Lawrey) Crous & Trakun.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Collema demangeonii Moug. & Mont., Thyrea demangeonii (Moug. & Mont.) Fink]
source: Carlberg (2016)
[Lecidea breviuscula Nyl., Lecidea breviuscula var. breviuscula Nyl., Lecidea breviuscula var. glaucella Vain., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. breviuscula (Nyl.) Brako, Psora breviuscula (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.]
source: Timdal (2011)
[Lecidea buettneri (Müll.Arg.) Stizenb., Phyllopsora buettneri var. buettneri (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Phyllopsora buettneri var. munda (Malme) Brako, Psora buettneri Müll.Arg.]
source: Timdal (2011)
[Biatora corallina (Eschw.) Hook. & Taylor, Lecidea corallina Eschw., Phyllopsora corallina var. subglaucella G.K. Mishra, Upreti & Nayaka, Phyllopsora parvifolia var. corallina (Tuck.) G. Merr., Psora corallina (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.]
[Lecidea corallina var. corallina Eschw.]
[Lecidea furfuracea Pers., Lecidea furfuracea var. furfuracea Pers., Lecidea sanguineoatra var. furfuracea (Pers.) Nyl.]
source: Timdal (2008)
significant change since checklist version (#21); Seavey et al. (2017) erroneously cite the author as "(Nyl.) Gotth. Schneider" though it was only recently described by Timdal, Lichenologist 40(4): 349 (2008), source: Seavey et al. (2017)
[Biatora halei (Tuck.) S.Y. Kondr., Pannaria halei Tuck., Phyllopsora pannosa Müll.Arg.]
[Parallopsora labriformis (Timdal) Kistenich, Timdal & Bendiksby]
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014a)
[Bacidina lacerata (Timdal) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Lecidea ochroxantha Nyl., Lecidea ochroxantha f. ochroxantha Nyl., Phyllopsora corallina var. ochroxantha (Nyl.) Brako, Psora ochroxantha, Wolseleyidea ochroxantha (Nyl.) S.Y. Kondr., Farkas & Lőkös]
source: Timdal (2008)
[Biatora parvifolia (Pers.) Mont., Lecidea parvifolia Pers., Lecidea parvifolia f. parvifolia Pers., Lecidea parvifolia f. subgranulosa Tuck., Lecidea parvifolia var. granulosa (Müll. Arg.) Shirley, Lecidea parvifolia var. parvifolia Pers., Phyllopsora parvifolia f. parvifolia (Pers.) Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. fibrillifera Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. granulosa (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. parvifolia (Pers.) Müll Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. subgranulosa (Tuck.) Müll.Arg., Psora parvifolia (Pers.) A. Massal., Psora parvifolia var. granulosa Müll.Arg., Zeora parvifolia (Pers.) C. Müll.]
[Biatora parvifolia (Pers.) Mont., Lecidea parvifolia Pers., Lecidea parvifolia f. parvifolia Pers., Lecidea parvifolia f. subgranulosa Tuck., Lecidea parvifolia var. granulosa (Müll. Arg.) Shirley, Lecidea parvifolia var. parvifolia Pers., Phyllopsora parvifolia (Pers.) Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia f. parvifolia (Pers.) Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. fibrillifera Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. granulosa (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. subgranulosa (Tuck.) Müll.Arg., Psora parvifolia (Pers.) A. Massal., Psora parvifolia var. granulosa Müll.Arg., Zeora parvifolia (Pers.) C. Müll.]
[Lecidea parvifoliella Nyl.]
[Phyllopsora buettneri var. glauca (B. de Lesd.) Brako, Phyllopsora parvifolia var. glauca B. de Lesd.]
source: Timdal (2011)
[Lecidea santensis Tuck., Phyllopsora corallina var. santensis (Tuck.) Brako]
source: Timdal (2008)
[Parmelia anthelina Ach., Parmelia stellaris var. adscendens Fr., Physcia aipolia f. anthelina (Ach.) Vain., Physcia ascendens Bitter, Physcia stellaris var. adscendens (Fr.) Rabenh.]
[Imbricaria aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) DC., Lichen aipolius Ehrh. ex Humb., Lobaria aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Hoffm., Parmelia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Ach., Parmelia aipolia var. aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Ach., Parmelia aipolia var. cercidia Ach., Parmelia stellaris var. aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fr., Physcia aipolia var. cercidia (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia stellaris var. aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Tuck., Physcia stellaris var. cercidia (Ach.) Th. Fr., Squamaria aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Frege, Xanthoria aipolia (Ehrh.) Horw., Xanthoria aipolia var. aipolia (Ehrh.) Horw., Xanthoria aipolia var. anthelina (Ach.) Horw., Xanthoria aipolia var. cercidia (Ach.) Horw.]
[Parmelia albinea Ach., Physcia stellaris subsp. albinea (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux]
[Physcia aipolia f. alnophila Vain.]
source: Lohtander et al. (2009)
[Dimelaena biziana (A. Massal.) Trevis., Physcia ragusana var. biziana (A. Massal.) Zahlbr., Squamaria biziana A. Massal.]
[Borrera caesia (Hoffm.) Mudd, Dimelaena caesia (Hoffm.) Norman, Hagenia caesia (Hoffm.) Bagl. & Carestia, Imbricaria caesia (Hoffm.) DC., Lichen caesius Hoffm., Lobaria caesia (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Parmelia caesia (Hoffm.) Ach., Parmelia caesia subsp. caesia (Hoffm.) Ach., Parmelia caesia subsp. dubia (Hoffm.) Röhl., Parmelia caesia var. caesia (Hoffm.) Ach., Physcia caesia var. caesiella (B. de Lesd.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Physcia caesiella (B. de Lesd.) Suza, Physcia caesiella f. albida Nádv., Physcia caesiella f. caesiella (B. de Lesd.) Suza, Physcia caesiella f. dendritica (Anders) Nádv., Physcia subalbinea Nyl., Physcia tribacioides var. caesiella B. de Lesd., Physcia wainioi Räsänen, Placodium caesium (Hoffm.) Frege, Psora caesia (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Squamaria caesia (Hoffm.) Hook., Xanthoria caesia (Hoffm.) Horw., Xanthoria caesia f. caesia (Hoffm.) Horw.]
[Borrera astroidea var. clementei (Sm.) Mudd, Dimelaena astroidea var. clementiana (Ach.) Trevis., Imbricaria clementiana (Ach.) J. Kickx f., Lichen clementei Sm., Lichen diatrypus * clementiana (Ach.) Lam., Lobaria astroidea var. clementiana (Ach.) Hepp, Parmelia astroidea var. clementiana (Ach.) Rabenh., Deutschl. Krypt.-Fl. (Leipzig) 2: 63 (1845), Parmelia clementei Turner, Parmelia clementiana Ach., Parmelia columnaris Taylor, Physcia astroidea sensu auct. brit., Physcia astroidea f. astroidea (Bagl.) Nyl., Physcia astroidea f. hypomela Tuck., Physcia astroidea f. pollinifera Abbayes, Physcia astroidea var. clementiana (Ach.) P. Syd., Physcia clementi (Sm.) Lynge, Physcia clementiana (Ach.) J.J. Kickx, Physcia clementiana f. clementiana (Ach.) J.J. Kickx, Physcia clementiana f. pollinifera (Abbayes) Zahlbr., Physcia clementiana var. clementiana (Ach.) J.J. Kickx, Physcia clementiana var. elegans (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Squamaria clementei (Turner) Hook. f.]
[Dimelaena crispa (Nyl.) Trevis., Physcia stellaris subsp. crispa (Nyl.) Tuck.]
source: Esslinger (2004a)
[Parmelia albinea var. dimidiata (Arnold) Jatta, Parmelia dimidiata (Arnold) Arnold, Parmelia pulverulenta var. dimidiata Arnold, Physcia aipolia var. dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl., Physcia albinea var. dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl., Physcia dimidiata f. dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl., Physcia dimidiata var. dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl., Physcia stellaris f. dimidiata (Arnold) Boistel, Physcia stellaris var. dimidiata (Arnold) Berdau]
[Lobaria dubia Hoffm., Parmelia caesia var. teretiuscula Ach., Parmelia dubia (Hoffm.) Röhl., Parmelia dubia f. dubia (Hoffm.) Röhl., Parmelia dubia var. dubia (Hoffm.) Röhl., Parmelia pulchella var. dubia (Hoffm.) Schaer., Physcia caesia f. teretiuscula (Ach.) Harm., Physcia caesia var. dubia (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Physcia caesia var. teretiuscula (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia dubia var. teretiuscula (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Physcia teretiuscula (Ach.) Lynge, Physcia teretiuscula f. corticola Kosk.{?}, Physcia teretiuscula f. pallidula Nádv., Physcia teretiuscula f. teretiuscula (Ach.) Lynge, Placodium dubium (Hoffm.) Frege, Xanthoria caesia f. teretiuscula (Ach.) Horw.]
source: Moberg (1997)
[Borrera leptalea (Ach.) Röhl., Lichen leptaleus Ach., Parmelia leptalea (Ach.) Ach., Physcia leptalea f. leptaleodes (Nyl.) Harm., Physcia leptaleodes Nyl., Physcia semipinnata (J. F. Gmelin) Moberg]
[Parmelia phaea Tuck.]
source: Esslinger & Egan (1996)
[Physcia integrata f. sorediosa (Vain.) Müll. Arg., Physcia integrata var. sorediosa Vain.]
[Anaptychia stellaris (L.) A. Massal., Borrera stellaris (L.) Mudd, Dimelaena stellaris (L.) Norman, Geissodea stellaris (L.) J. St.-Hil., Hagenia stellaris (L.) De Not., Imbricaria stellaris (L.) DC., Lichen stellaris L., Lobaria stellaris (L.) Hoffm., Parmelia stellaris (L.) Ach., Parmelia stellaris var. pseudoincisa Th. Fr., Parmelia stellaris var. radiata Ach., Parmelia stellaris var. rosulata Ach., Parmelia stellaris var. stellaris (L.) Ach., Physcia retrogressa Stirt., Physcia stellaris f. rosulata (Ach.) Nyl., Squamaria stellaris (L.) Frege, Xanthoria stellaris (L.) Horw., Xanthoria stellaris var. leptalea (Ach.) Horw., Xanthoria stellaris var. stellaris (L.) Horw., Xanthoria stellaris var. subobscura (Nyl.) Horw.]
[Borrera caesia (Hoffm.) Mudd, Dimelaena caesia (Hoffm.) Norman, Hagenia caesia (Hoffm.) Bagl. & Carestia, Imbricaria caesia (Hoffm.) DC., Lichen caesius Hoffm., Lobaria caesia (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Parmelia caesia (Hoffm.) Ach., Parmelia caesia subsp. caesia (Hoffm.) Ach., Parmelia caesia subsp. dubia (Hoffm.) Röhl., Parmelia caesia var. caesia (Hoffm.) Ach., Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Furnr., Physcia caesia var. caesiella (B. de Lesd.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Physcia caesiella (B. de Lesd.) Suza, Physcia caesiella f. albida Nádv., Physcia caesiella f. caesiella (B. de Lesd.) Suza, Physcia caesiella f. dendritica (Anders) Nádv., Physcia tribacioides var. caesiella B. de Lesd., Physcia wainioi Räsänen, Placodium caesium (Hoffm.) Frege, Psora caesia (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Squamaria caesia (Hoffm.) Hook., Xanthoria caesia (Hoffm.) Horw., Xanthoria caesia f. caesia (Hoffm.) Horw.]
source: Lohtander et al. (2009)
[Borrera tenella (Scop.) Ach., Hagenia tenella (Scop.) de Not., Lichen tenellus Scop., Parmelia stellaris f. tenella (Scop.) Hazsl., Physcia hispida auct., Physcia hispida f. subobscura (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Physcia hispida var. leptalea (Ach.) Zahlbr., Physcia hispida var. tenella (Scop.) Walt. Watson]
[Physcia stellaris var. marina A. Nyl., Physcia tenella var. marina (E. Nyl.) D. Hawksw.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Esslinger (2017)
[Borrera caesia var. tribacia (Ach.) Mudd, Dimelaena tribacia (Ach.) Trevis., Lecanora tribacia Ach., Parmelia caesia var. tribacia (Ach.) Torss., Parmelia erosa Borrer nom. illegit., Parmelia stellaris var. tribacia (Ach.) Torss., Parmelia tribacia (Ach.) Sommerf., Parmelia tribacia var. tribacia (Ach.) Sommerf., Physcia albinea var. tribacia (Ach.) Malbr., Physcia caesia f. tribacia (Ach.) H. Olivier, Physcia caesia var. tribacia (Ach.) Tuck., Physcia cernohorskyi var. erosa Nádv., Physcia erosa Zwackh, Physcia stellaris f. tribacia (Ach.) P. Syd., Physcia stellaris subsp. tribacia (Ach.) Vain., Physcia stellaris var. tribacia (Ach.) Tuck., Physcia tribacia var. tenuis Müll.Arg., Psoroma tribacium (Ach.) Gray, Squamaria tribacia (Ach.) Hook., Xanthoria erosa (Borrer) Horw., Xanthoria tribacia (Ach.) Horw.]
source: Harris (1995a)
source: Tucker (2014)
[Parmelia chloantha Ach., Parmelia obscura f. chloantha (Ach.) Flot., Phaeophyscia chloantha (Ach.) Moberg, Physcia chloantha (Ach.) Vain. ex van der Byl, Physcia chloantha var. chloantha (Ach.) Vain., Physcia luganensis Merezhko]
[Phaeophyscia melanchra (Hue) Kashiw., Physcia melanchra Hue]
[Phaeophyscia nepalensis (Poelt) D.D. Awasthi, Physcia nepalensis Poelt]
source: Esslinger (1994)
source: Esslinger (1994)
[Physcia detersa (Nyl.) Nyl., Physcia pulverulenta var. detersa Nyl.]
[Parmelia cycloselis var. lithotea Ach., Parmelia subdetersa (Nyl.) Kernst., Physcia cycloselis var. lithotea (Ach.) Ach., Physcia enteroxantha Nyl., Physcia enteroxanthella (Harm.) H. Olivier, Physcia grisea f. enteroxanthella (Harm.) Erichsen, Physcia grisea var. enteroxanthella (Harm.) Servít, Physcia leucoleiptes f. enteroxanthella (Harm.) Mereschk., Physcia obscura var. lithotea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia pityrea var. enteroxanthella Harm., Physcia subdetersa Nyl., Xanthoria subdetersa (Nyl.) Horw.]
source: Esslinger & Dillman (2010)
source: Esslinger (2000b)
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Esslinger et al. (2017)
[Parmelia pulverulenta var. leucoleiptes Tuck., Physcia leucoleiptes (Tuck.) Lettau]
[Lichen muscigenus (Ach.) Wahlenb., Parmelia muscigena Ach., Parmelia muscigena f. muscigena Ach., Parmelia muscigena f. squarrosa Ach., Parmelia muscigena var. lenta Ach., Parmelia muscigena var. muscigena Ach., Parmelia muscigena var. squarrosa Ach., Physcia muscigena (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia muscigena f. alpina Nádv., Physcia muscigena f. imbricata Nádv., Physcia muscigena f. isidiata (Lynge) J.W. Thomson, Physcia muscigena f. kotiluotensis Räsänen, Physcia muscigena f. lenta (Ach.) Vain., Physcia muscigena f. lobulata Frey, Physcia muscigena f. muscigena (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia muscigena var. bayeri (Nádv.) Poelt, Physcia muscigena var. isidiata Lynge, Physcia muscigena var. muscigena (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia pulverulenta var. muscigena (Ach.) Nyl., Xanthoria muscigena (Ach.) Horw.]
[Physcia leucoleiptes var. perisidiosa (Erichsen) Nádv., Physcia perisidiosa Erichsen]
[Collema amphiurum Nyl., Collema byrsaeum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Ach., Collema hypolasium Stirt., Dichodium amphiurum (Nyl.) Nyl., Dichodium byrsaeum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Nyl., Dichodium byrsinum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Nyl., Gabura byrsaea (Afzel. ex Ach.) Kuntze, Gabura byrsina (Afzel. ex Ach.) Kuntze, Lempholemma hypolasium (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Lichen furvus * byrsaeum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Lam., Parmelia byrsaea Afzel. ex Ach., Physma amphiurum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Physma byrsaeum var. amphiurum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Physma byrsinum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Tuck.]
[Biatorella conspersa (Fée) Vain., Biatorella conspersa f. conspersa (Fée) Vain., Heterothecium conspersum (Fée) Flot., Lecidea conspersa Fée]
source: Hafellner (1995)
[Biatorella nannaria (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Heterothecium nannarium Tuck.]
source: Knudsen & Lendemer (2007)
[Biatorella ochrophora (Nyl.) Arnold, Biatorella ochrophora f. evoluta H. Magn., Biatorella ochrophora f. ochrophora (Nyl.) Arnold, Biatorella ochrophora var. ochrophora (Nyl.) Arnold, Biatorella ochrophora var. planiuscula Vězda, Lecidea ochrophora Nyl., Strangospora ochrophora (Nyl.) R. Anderson]
source: Hafellner (2004d)
[Baeomyces acicularis Ach., Cenomyce acicularis (Ach.) Ach., Cladonia acicularis (Ach.) Fr., Pilophorus aciculare (Ach.) Th. Fr. [orthoigraphic error], Pilophorus cereolus f. acicularis (Ach.) Tuck., Pilophorus cereolus var. acicularis (Ach.) Tuck., Stereocaulon aciculare (Ach.) Tuck.]
[Lichen cereolus Ach., Pilophoron cereolus (Ach.) Th. Fr., Stereocaulon cereolinum var. cereolus (Ach.) Th. Fr., Stereocaulon cereolus (Ach.) anon.]
[Lecidea pallida Th. Fr.]
[Stereocaulon fibula Tuck.]
[Pilophoron robustum Th. Fr.]
[Catapyrenium acarosporoides (Zahlbr.) J.W. Thomson, Dermatocarpon acarosporoides Zahlbr., Dermatocarpon novomexicanum (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr., Endopyrenium bajadanae B. de Lesd., Endopyrenium novomexicanum B. de Lesd., Heteroplacidium acarosporoides (Zahlbr.) Breuss]
source: Breuss & Bratt (2000)
[Catapyrenium tuckermanii (Rav. ex Mont.) J.W. Thomson, Dermatocarpon tuckermanii (Ravenel ex Mont.) Zahlbr., Endocarpon arboreum Schwein. ex E. Michener, Endocarpon tuckermanii Ravenel ex Mont., Endopyrenium tuckermanii (Ravenel ex Mont.) Zahlbr., Placidium tuckermanii (Rav. ex Mont.) Breuss]
source: Lendemer & Yahr (2004)
source: Breuss & Bratt (2000)
[Catapyrenium chilense (Rasanen) Breuss]
source: Breuss (2002d)
source: McCune & Rosentreter (2007)
[Catapyrenium lachneum (Ach.) R. Sant., Catapyrenium lachneum subsp. lachneum (Ach.) R. Sant., Catapyrenium lachneum var. lachneum (Ach.) R. Sant., Dermatocarpon hepaticum var. lachneum (Ach.) Zahlbr., Dermatocarpon lachneum (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Dermatocarpon lachneum f. lachneum (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Dermatocarpon lachneum var. lachneum (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Dermatocarpon lachneum var. rufopallens (Nyl.) Servít, Endocarpon lachneum (Ach.) Ach., Endopyrenium lachneum (Ach.) Hav., Lichen lachneus Ach.]
[Catapyrenium michelii (A. Massal.) R. Sant., Dermatocarpon michelii (A. Massal.) Zwackh, Endocarpon michelii (A. Massal.) Bausch, Endopyrenium michelii (A. Massal.) Körb.]
[Catapyrenium norvegicum Breuss]
[Catapyrenium podolepis Breuss, Heteroplacidium podolepis (Breuss) Breuss]
source: Prieto et al. (2012)
[Catapyrenium lachneum subsp. rufescens (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Catapyrenium rufescens (Ach.) Breuss, Dermatocarpon rufescens (Ach.) Zahlbr., Dermatocarpon rufescens var. pruinatum J. Steiner, Dermatocarpon rufescens var. rufescens (Ach.) Th. Fr., Endocarpon hedwigii var. rufescens (Ach.) Garov., Endocarpon rufescens Ach., Endopyrenium rufescens (Ach.) Körb., Rhodocarpon rufescens (Ach.) Lönnr., Verrucaria rufescens (Ach.) Jatta]
[Catapyrenium squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss, Catapyrenium squamulosum var. squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss, Dermatocarpella squamulosa (Ach.) H. Harada, Endocarpon pusillum var. squamulosum (Ach.) Grognot, Endocarpon squamulosum Ach., Placidium squamulosum var. squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: McCune (2017)
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: Knudsen et al. (2009)
source: Westberg (2004a)
[Lecanora cribellans Nyl.]
source: Galloway (2005)
[Lecanora gelida (L.) Ach., Lecanora gelida f. gelida (L.) Ach., Lecanora gelida f. leprosula Zahlbr., Lecanora gelida f. neglecta Degel., Lecanora gelida f. terricola Cromb., Lecanora gelida var. carnea (Räsänen) Zahlbr., Lecanora gelida var. gelida (L.) Ach., Lecanora gelida var. vitellina Hook. f. & Taylor, Lichen gelidus L., Parmelia gelida (L.) Ach., Patellaria gelida (L.) Trevis., Placodium gelidum (L.) Gray, Psoroma gelidum (L.) Rabenh., Squamaria gelida (L.) Hook., Squamaria gelida f. gelida (L.) Hook.]
[Squamaria gelida f. dispersa Cromb.]
source: Moberg & Carlin (1996), Brodo et al. (2001)
source: Breuss (2009)
[Catapyrenium caeruleopulvinum J.W. Thomson]
source: Breuss (2002e)
[Verrucaria aspiciliicola R. Sant., Verrucaria canella Nyl., Verrucaria glaucina subsp. canella (Nyl.) A.L. Sm.]
source: Navarro-Rosínes et al. (2007)
source: Breuss (2009)
source: Breuss (2009)
[Catapyrenium fuscellum (Turner) Beltr., Endocarpon fuscellum (Turner) Ach., Endocarpon fuscellum var. fuscellum (Turner) Ach., Endopyrenium fuscellum (Turner) Boistel, Lichen fuscellus Turner, Lithoicea fuscella (Turner) A. Massal., Trichothecium fuscellum (Turner) Flot., Verrucaria fuscella (Turner) Winch, Verrucaria fuscella f. fuscella (Turner) Winch, Verrucaria fuscella var. fuscella (Turner) Winch, Verrucaria viridula var. glaucina, Verrucula fuscella (Turner) J. Steiner]
source: Navarro-Rosínes et al. (2007)
[Catapyrenium heppioides (Zahlbr.) J.W. Thomson, Dermatocarpon heppioides Zahlbr.]
source: Breuss (2002e)
[Catapyrenium lecideoides (A. Massal.) Arnold, Catapyrenium lecideoides f. minutum (A. Massal.) Arnold, Catapyrenium lecideoides var. minutum (A. Massal.) Arnold, Dermatocarpon lecideoides (A. Massal.) Zahlbr., Lithoicea fraudulosa (Nyl.) Flagey, Lithoicea lecideoides (A. Massal.) Flagey, Lithoicea lecideoides var. minuta (A. Massal.) Flagey, Thrombium lecideoides A. Massal., Thrombium lecideoides var. lecideoides A. Massal., Thrombium lecideoides var. minutum A. Massal., Verrucaria fraudulosa Nyl., Verrucaria lecideoides (A. Massal.) Trevis., Verrucaria lecideoides f. lecideoides (A. Massal.) Trevis., Verrucaria lecideoides f. minuta (A. Massal.) Körb., Verrucaria lecideoides var. fraudulosa (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Verrucaria lecideoides var. lecideoides (A. Massal.) Trevis., Verrucaria lecideoides var. minuta Hepp, Verrucaria minor Breuss, Verrucaria minuta (A. Massal.) Zschacke nom. illegit., Verrucaria minuta f. minuta (A. Massal.) Zschacke, Verrucula fraudulosa (Nyl.) J. Steiner, Verrucula lecideoides (A. Massal.) J. Steiner, Verrucula lecideoides f. minuta (A. Massal.) J. Steiner, Verruculopsis lecideoides (A. Massal.) Gueidan & Cl. Roux, Verruculopsis lecideoides var. fraudulosa (Nyl.) Gueidan & Cl. Roux, Verruculopsis lecideoides var. minuta (A. Massal.) Cl. Roux nom. inval., Verruculopsis minuta (Hepp) Krzewicka nom. inval.]
source: Navarro-Rosínes et al. (2007)
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: Breuss (1998)
[Catapyrenium zahlbruckneri (Hasse) J. W. Thomson, Dermatocarpon zahlbruckneri Hasse, Placopyrenium zahlbruckneri (Hasse) Breuss, Verrucaria stanfordii Herre]
source: Knudsen & Lendemer (2006)
[Biatora dasaea (Stirt.) Walt. Watson, Lecidea dasaea Stirt., Saccomorpha dasaea (Stirt.) Khodos.]
source: Tønsberg (1997 [1998])
[Lecidea hyporhoda Th. Fr., Lecidea uliginascens Stirt., Lecidea uliginosa f. hyporhoda (Th. Fr.) Hedl., Saccomorpha hyporhoda (Th. Fr.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux]
[Biatora fuliginea (Ach.) Fr., Biatora fuliginea var. fuliginea (Ach.) Fr., Biatora uliginosa var. fuliginea (Ach.) Fr., Epinyctis fuliginea (Ach.) Wallr., Lecidea fuliginea Ach., Lecidea fuliginea f. fuliginea Ach., Lecidea fuliginea f. saxicola Harm., Lecidea fuliginea var. fuliginea Ach., Lecidea fuliginea var. fuscovirens Vain., Lecidea icmalea Ach., Lecidea uliginosa var. fuliginea (Ach.) Link, Pannularia perfurfurea Nyl., Parmeliella corallinoides f. perfurfurea (Nyl.) Gyeln., Parmeliella perfurfurea (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Patellaria fuliginea (Ach.) Spreng., Placynthiella perfurfurea (Nyl.) Gyeln., Saccomorpha icmalea (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux]
source: Lendemer (2004d)
[Lecidea oligotropha J.R. Laundon, Lecidea uliginosa var. verruculosa Hedl., Saccomorpha oligotropha (J.R. Laundon) Clauzade & Cl. Roux]
[Biatora humosa (Hoffm.) Arnold, Biatora humosa f. fuliginea (Ach.) Räsänen, Biatora humosa f. fuscovirens (Vain.) Räsänen, Biatora humosa f. humosa (Hoffm.) Arnold, Biatora humosa f. insequens (Nyl.) Räsänen, Biatora uliginosa (Schrad.) Fr., Biatora uliginosa f. uliginosa (Schrad.) Fr., Biatora uliginosa var. chthonoblastes (A. Braun) Oxner, Biatora uliginosa var. chtonoblastes (A. Braun) Oxner, Biatora uliginosa var. trachylina (Nyl.) M. Choisy, Biatora uliginosa var. uliginosa (Schrad.) Fr., Lecidea humosa (Hoffm.) Leight., Lecidea humosa f. confluens (Schaer.) Erichsen, Lecidea humosa f. humosa (Hoffm.) Röhl., Lecidea humosa f. saxicola (Harm.) Grummann, Lecidea humosa var. chthonoblastes (A. Braun) Erichsen, Lecidea humosa var. humosa (Hoffm.) Röhl., Lecidea humosa var. ochracea (Erichsen) Erichsen, Lecidea uliginosa (Schrad.) Ach., Lecidea uliginosa f. confluens Schaer., Lecidea uliginosa f. separabilis Hedl., Lecidea uliginosa f. uliginosa (Schrad.) Ach., Lecidea uliginosa var. chthonoblastes (A. Braun) Erichsen, Lecidea uliginosa var. fuscovirens (Vain.) Zahlbr., Lecidea uliginosa var. ochracea Erichsen, Lecidea uliginosa var. trachylina (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Lecidea uliginosa var. uliginosa (Schrad.) Ach., Lichen uliginosus Schrad., Patellaria humosa (Hoffm.) Wallr., Patellaria uliginosa (Schrad.) DC., Saccomorpha uliginosa (Schrad.) Hafellner, Spiloma humosum (Hoffm.) Ach., Verrucaria humosa Hoffm., Verrucaria uliginosa (Schrad.) Hoffm.]
[Collema asperellum Ach., Lecothecium asperellum (Ach.) Th. Fr., Lichen asperellus (Ach.) Wahlenb., Pannaria asperella (Ach.) Nyl., Parmelia aspratilis Ach., Patellaria asperella (Ach.) Spreng., Placynthium aspratile (Ach.) Henssen, Pterygium asperellum (Ach.) Nyl., Toninia asperella (Ach.) A. Massal.]
[Anziella adglutinata (Anzi) Gyeln., Lecothecium adglutinatum Anzi, Pannaria flabellosa Tuck., Placynthium adglutinatum (Anzi) Trevis., Pterygium adglutinatum (Anzi) Nyl.]
[Biatora corallinoides var. fuscum Hepp, Biatora fuliginosa var. psotina Fr., Collema nigrum (Huds.) Hoffm., Collema trachyopum Taylor, Lecidea microphylla var. corallinoides Schaer., Lecidea nigra (Huds.) Ach., Lecothecium nigrum (Huds.) A. Massal., Lecothecium nigrum f. fuscum (Hepp) Mudd, Lecothecium nigrum f. nigrum (Huds.) A. Massal., Lichen niger Huds., Pannaria nigra (Huds.) Nyl., Pannaria nigra subsp. nigra (Huds.) Nyl., Pannaria nigra subsp. psotina (Nyl.) Cromb., Pannaria nigra subsp. triseptata (Nyl.) Nyl. ex Cromb., Pannaria nigra var. caespititia Wedd., Pannaria nigra var. nigra (Huds.) Nyl., Pannaria nigra var. psotina Nyl., Pannaria nigra var. triseptata Nyl., Pannaria psotina (Nyl.) Leight., Pannaria triseptata (Nyl.) A. Rich., Pannularia nigra (Huds.) Nyl., Pannularia nigra f. densata Harm., Pannularia nigra f. nigra (Huds.) Nyl., Pannularia nigra subsp. nigra (Huds.) Nyl., Pannularia nigra subsp. psotina (Nyl.) Cromb., Pannularia psotina (Nyl.) Nyl., Pannularia triseptata (Nyl.) Cromb., Parmelia nigra (Huds.) Mart., Parmeliella nigra (Huds.) Müll. Arg., Patellaria nigra (Huds.) Spreng., Placynthium dolichoterum f. triseptatum (Nyl.) Gyeln., Placynthium nigrum f. agglomeratum Walt. Watson, Placynthium nigrum f. caespiticium (Wedd.) Walt. Watson, Placynthium nigrum f. corallinodes (Schaer.) Walt. Watson, Placynthium nigrum f. crustaceum (Hepp) Walt. Watson, Placynthium nigrum f. nigrum (Huds.) Gray, Placynthium nigrum f. psotinum (Nyl.) Walt. Watson, Placynthium nigrum f. triseptatum (Nyl.) Walt. Watson, Placynthium nigrum var. crustaceum Hepp, Placynthium nigrum var. fuscum (Hepp) Trevis., Placynthium nigrum var. nigrum (Huds.) Gray, Placynthium nigrum var. psotina (Nyl.) Trevis., Placynthium nigrum var. triseptatum (Nyl.) Hue, Placynthium psotinum (Nyl.) Harm., Placynthium tremniacum f. fuscum (Hepp) Gyeln., Placynthium triseptatum (Nyl.) Vain., Psora nigra (Huds.) L. Marchand]
[Lecothecium pannariellum (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell, Placynthium pannariellum f. pannariellum (Nyl.) H. Magn., Placynthium pannariellum var. pannariellum (Nyl.) H. Magn., Pterygium pannariellum Nyl.]
source: Spribillle et al. (2010)
[Pannaria petersii (Nyl.) Tuck., Pterygium petersii Nyl.]
[Pannaria stenophylla Tuck., Parmeliella stenophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.]
[Collolechia subradiata (Nyl.) Szatala, Lecothecium subradiatum (Nyl.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Pannaria subradiata Nyl., Pterygium subradiatum (Nyl.) Nyl.]
[Biatora corallinoides var. tantaleum Hepp, Placynthium nigrum var. tantaleum (Hepp) Arnold, Racoblenna tantalea (Hepp) Trevis.]
[Cetraria commixta f. tenuisecta Th. Fr., Cetraria fallax (Weber) Anders, Cetraria glauca (L.) Ach., Cetraria glauca f. ampullacea (L.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Cetraria glauca f. coralloidea Körb., Cetraria glauca f. divaricata Rass., Cetraria glauca f. episorediosa Gyeln., Cetraria glauca f. excoralloidea Rass., Cetraria glauca f. fallax (Weber) Stein, Cetraria glauca f. fusca Flot., Cetraria glauca f. glauca (L.) Ach., Cetraria glauca f. laceratoides Gyeln., Cetraria glauca f. melanoplaca (Wallr.) Maas Geest., Cetraria glauca f. reticulata Rass., Cetraria glauca f. sorediosa (Leight.) Anders, Cetraria glauca f. ulophylla (Wallr.) Körb., Cetraria glauca var. chilensis Räsänen, Cetraria glauca var. fallax (Weber) Rass., Cetraria glauca var. glauca (L.) Ach., Cetraria glauca var. stenophylla Tuck., Cetraria glauca var. tenuisecta (Th. Fr.) A.L. Sm., Lichen fallax Weber, Lichen glaucus L., Lobaria fallax (Weber) Hoffm., Lobaria glauca (L.) Hoffm., Parmelia glauca (L.) Hepp, Parmelia glauca f. glauca (L.) Hepp, Parmelia glauca f. ulophylla Wallr., Parmelia glauca var. glauca (L.) Hepp, Parmelia glauca var. melanoplaca Wallr., Physcia fallax (Weber) DC., Physcia glauca (L.) DC., Platismatia glauca f. fallax (Weber) Oxner & S.Y. Kondr., Platismatia glauca f. fusca (Flot.) Oxner & S.Y. Kondr., Platismatia glauca f. ulophylla (Wallr.) Oxner & S.Y. Kondr., Platysma fallax (Weber) Hoffm., Platysma glaucum (L.) Frege, Platysma glaucum f. coralloideum (Wallr.) Leight., Platysma glaucum f. glaucum (L.) Frege, Platysma glaucum var. fallax (Weber) Nyl., Platysma glaucum var. glaucum (L.) Frege]
[Cetraria herrei Imshaug]
[Cetraria lacunosa Ach., Cetraria lacunosa f. cavernosa (Menzies) G. Merr., Cetraria lacunosa f. lacunosa Ach., Cetraria lacunosa var. lacunosa Ach.]
[Cetraria lacunosa f. norvegica Lynge, Cetraria norvegica (Lynge) Du Rietz, Cetraria norvegica f. norvegica (Lynge) Du Rietz, Cetraria norvegica f. sorediata Degel., Platysma norvegicum (Lynge) Å.E. Dahl]
[Cetraria stenophylla (Tuck.) G. Merr.]
[Cetraria atlantica (Tuck.) Du Rietz, Cetraria lacunosa var. atlantica Tuck., Cetraria tuckermanii Oakes, Cetraria tuckermanii var. sorediata (Degel.) Räsänen, Cetraria tuckermanii var. tuckermanii Oakes]
source: Lumbsch et al. (2011)
[Arthonia caesiopruinosa Fée, Arthothelium caesiopruinosum (Fée) A. Massal., Graphis caesiopruinosa (Fée) Kremp., Graphis scalpturata var. plurifera Nyl., Hemithecium caesiopruinosum (Fée) Trevis., Phaeographina caesiopruinosa (Fée) Müll.Arg., Phaeographina plurifera (Nyl.) Fink, Phaeographina scalpturata var. plurifera (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.]
source: Staiger (2002)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014a)
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Tripp & Lendemer (2010), Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Tripp & Lendemer (2010), Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Graphis interrupta Fée, Platygrapha interrupta (Fée) Nyl., Stigmatidium interruptum (Fée) Nyl.]
[Fissurina colliculosa (Mont.) A. Massal., Graphina colliculosa (Mont.) Hale, Sclerophyton colliculosum Mont.]
source: Tripp et al. (2010)
[Graphina floridana (Tuck.) R.C. Harris, Graphis floridana Tuck.]
source: Lendemer & Knudsen (2008)
[Diorygma grammitis Eschw., Fissurina grammitis Mont., Graphis grammatis Fée, Graphis grammitis Fée, Graphis grammitis f. grammitis Fée, Opegrapha grammitis (Mont.) Bél., Ustalia grammitis (Mont.) Stizenb.]
source: Staiger (2002)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2005)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2005)
[Arthonia stictarum (De Not.) Jatta, Celidium stictarum (De Not.) Tul., Celidium stictarum var. nephromeum Norman, Celidium stictarum var. stictarum (De Not.) Tul., Dothidea lichenum Sommerf., Lichenomyces lichenum (Sommerf.) R. Sant., Sphaeria stictarum De Not.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Mixtoconidium nashii (Hafellner) Etayo & van den Boom]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: Hafellner et al. (2002)
[Celidium lichenum var. nephromea Norman]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Goward et al. (1996)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2003)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2005)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2005)
[Acarospora chlorophana (Wg.) Ach., Acarospora chlorophana f. chlorophana (Wahlenb.) A. Massal., Acarospora chlorophana var. biatoroidea Räsänen, Acarospora chlorophana var. chlorophana (Wahlenb.) A. Massal., Acarospora chlorophana var. lecanoroidea Räsänen, Acarospora texana H. Magn., Acarospora weldensis H. Magn., Acarosporomyces chlorophanus (Wahlenb.) Cif. & Tomas., Gussonea chlorophana (Wahlenb.) Tournab., Lecanora chlorophana (Wahlenb.) Ach., Lichen chlorophanus (Wahlenb.) Wahlenb., Myriospora chlorophana (Wahlenb.) Hepp, Parmelia chlorophana Wahlenb., Placodium chlorophanum (Wahlenb.) Flot., Teloschistes chlorophanus (Wahlenb.) Norman]
[Acarospora flava (Bellardi) Trevis., Acarospora oxytona (Ach.) A. Massal., Acarospora stenospora (Stizenb.) Zahlbr., Pleopsidium oxytonum (Ach.) Rabenh., Pleopsidium stenosporum (Stizenb. ex Hasse) K. Knudsen]
[Buellia cerebrina (DC.) Th. Fr., Encephalographa cerebrina (DC.) A. Massal., Encephalographa cerebrina subsp. cacuminum Asta, Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Encephalographa cerebrina subsp. cerebrina (DC.) A. Massal., Encephalographa cerebrina subsp. parvocalcicola Asta & Cl. Roux, Lecidea cerebrina (DC.) Schaer., Lithographa cerebrina (DC.) Leight., Melanospora cerebrina (DC.) Mudd, Opegrapha cerebrina DC., Patellaria cerebrina (DC.) Duby]
[Amphoroblastia amota (Arnold) Servít, Amphoroblastia amota var. amota (Arnold) Servít, Amphoroblastia amota var. subattenuata (Zschacke) Grummann, Polyblastia amota Arnold, Polyblastia amota var. amota Arnold, Polyblastia amota var. subalbida Zschacke, Polyblastia amota var. subattenuata Zschacke, Verrucaria albida (Arnold) Nyl., Verrucaria amota (Arnold) Stizenb.]
source: Thomson (1997)
[Amphoroblastia amota (Arnold) Servít, Amphoroblastia amota var. amota (Arnold) Servít, Amphoroblastia amota var. subattenuata (Zschacke) Grummann, Polyblastia albida Arnold, Polyblastia amota var. amota Arnold, Polyblastia amota var. subalbida Zschacke, Polyblastia amota var. subattenuata Zschacke, Verrucaria albida (Arnold) Nyl., Verrucaria amota (Arnold) Stizenb.]
source: McCune et al. (2014b)
[Polyblastia fuscoargillacea Anzi, Polyblastia fuscoargillacea f. fuscoargillacea Anzi, Polyblastia fuscoargillacea f. obscurata (Vain.) Dombr., Polyblastia intercedens Zschacke, Polyblastia intercedens f. integrascens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Polyblastia intercedens f. intercedens (Nyl.) Lönnr., Polyblastia intercedens var. intercedens (Nyl.) Lönnr., Polyblastia intercedens var. velata Th. Fr., Sporodictyon cupulare (A. Massal.) Trevis., Verrucaria fuscoargillacea (Anzi) Leight., Verrucaria fuscoargillacea f. fuscoargillacea (Anzi) Leight., Verrucaria fuscoargillacea f. obscurata Vain., Verrucaria intercedens Nyl., Verrucaria intercedens f. integrascens Nyl., Verrucaria intercedens f. intercedens Nyl.]
source: Dillman et al. (2012)
[Amphoroblastia gothica (Th. Fr.) Servít, Verrucaria gothica (Th. Fr.) Leight.]
source: Spribille et al. (2010)
[Sphaeromphale sendtneri (Kremp.) Körb., Thelotrema sendtneri (Kremp.) Anzi, Verrucaria sendtneri (Kremp.) Nyl.]
[Xanthoria ascendens S.Y. Kondr.]
[Caloplaca bolacina (Tuck.) H. Magn., Placodium bolacinum Tuck.]
[Caloplaca brattiae W.A. Weber, Caloplaca etesiae (Nyl.) Du Rietz, Gasparrinia etesiae (Nyl.) Oxner, Lecanora etesiae Nyl.]
[Borrera candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Kickx, Callopisma candelarium (L.) Trevis., Courtoisia candelaris (L.) L. Marchand, Diblastia candelaria (L.) Trevis., Imbricaria candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Chevall., Lecanora candelaria (L.) Ach., Lecanora candelaria var. candelaria (L.) Ach., Lepropinacia candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) A. St.-Hil., Lichen candelarius L., Lobaria candelaria (L.) Hoffm., Massjukiella candelaria (L.) S.Y. Kondr., Fedorenko, S. Stenroos, Kärnefelt, Elix, Hur & A. Thell, Parmelia candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Ach., Parmelia candelaria var. candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Ach., Parmelia candelaria var. lychnea Ach., Parmelia parietina f. candelaris (L.) Körb., Parmelia parietina var. lychnea (Ach.) Fr., Parmelia parietina var. pygmaea Bory, Parmocarpus pygmaeus (Fr.) Trevis., Patellaria candelaris (L.) DC., Physcia candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Anzi, Physcia candelaria var. candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Anzi, Physcia controversa var. lychnea (Ach.) Rabenh., Physcia lychnea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia lychnea f. lychnea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia lychnea var. lychnea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia parietina subsp. lychnea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia parietina var. lychnea (Ach.) A. Massal., Physcia polycarpa var. lychnea (Ach.) Vain., Placodium candelarium Weber ex F.H. Wigg., Placodium candelarium f. candelarium (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg., Placodium candelarium var. candelarium (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg., Psora candelaria (L.) Baumg., Psoroma candelarium (L.) Gray, Pyrenodesmia candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Trevis., Squamaria candelaria (L.) Howitt, Squamaria candelaria var. candelaria (L.) Howitt, Teloschistes candelarius (L.) Fink, Teloschistes candelarius var. candelarius (L.) Fink, Teloschistes candelarius var. pygmaeus (Bory) Fink, Teloschistes controversus var. lychneus (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Teloschistes lychneus (Ach.) Tuck., Teloschistes parietinus var. lychneus (Ach.) F. Wilson, Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria candelaria f. candelaria (L.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria candelaria var. candelaria (L.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria controversa var. lychnea (Ach.) Rabenh., Xanthoria lychnea (Ach.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria lychnea f. lychnea (Ach.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria lychnea var. lychnea (Ach.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria lychnea var. pygmaea (Borrer) Th. Fr., Xanthoria nowakii S.Y. Kondr. & Bielczyk]
[Caloplaca coralloides (Tuck.) Hulting, Placodium coralloides Tuck., Thamnolia coralloides (Tuck.) Gyeln., Thamnonoma coralloides (Tuck.) Gyeln.]
[Caloplaca flavogranulosa Arup]
[Caloplaca ignea Arup, Igneoplaca ignea (Arup) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell, Jung Kim, M.H. Jeong, N.N. Yu, A.S. Kondr. & Hur]
[Caloplaca impolita Arup]
[Caloplaca inconspecta Arup]
[Caloplaca ludificans Arup]
[Blastenia luteominia (Tuck.) Hasse, Caloplaca laeta H. Magn., Caloplaca luteominia (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Lecidea luteominia (Tuck.) Hue]
[Caloplaca bolanderi (Tuck.) H. Magn., Caloplaca ferruginea f. bolanderi (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Caloplaca luteominia var. bolanderi (Tuck.) Arup, Placodium ferrugineum f. bolanderi Tuck.]
[Caloplaca nashii Nav.-Ros., Gaya & Hladún]
[Blastenia phlogina (Ach.) B. de Lesd., Callopisma phloginum (Ach.) Arnold, Caloplaca citrina f. phlogina (Ach.) D. Hawksw., Caloplaca phlogina (Ach.) Flagey, Caloplaca phlogina f. phlogina (Ach.) Flagey, Lecanora phlogina (Ach.) Nyl., Lecidea phlogina (Ach.) Hue, Parmelia citrina var. phlogina Ach., Placodium phloginum (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Scythioria phlogina (Ach.) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell & Hur, Xanthoria phlogina (Ach.) Arnold]
[Xanthoria pollinarioides L. Lindblom & D. M. Wright]
[Lecanora candelaria var. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Ach., Lichen polycarpus (Hoffm.) Ehrh., Lobaria polycarpa Hoffm., Massjukiella polycarpa (Hoffm.) S.Y. Kondr., Fedorenko, S. Stenroos, Kärnefelt, Elix, Hur & A. Thell, Physcia parietina var. polycarpa (Hoffm.) A. Massal., Physcia parietina var. ramulosa Tuck., Physcia polycarpa (Hoffm.) Linds., Physcia polycarpa f. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Linds., Physcia polycarpa var. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Linds., Psoroma polycarpum (Hoffm.) Gray, Squamaria candelaria var. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Hook., Teloschistes polycarpus (Ehrh.) Tuck., Teloschistes ramulosus Tuck., Xanthoria alaskana J.W. Thomson, Xanthoria lychnea var. polycarpa (Ehrh.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria polycarpa (Hoffm.) Rieber, Xanthoria polycarpa f. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Rieber, Xanthoria polycarpa var. maritima I.M. Lamb, Xanthoria polycarpa var. polycarpa (Hoffm.) Rieber, Xanthoria ramulosa (Tuck.) Herre]
[Caloplaca rosei Hasse]
[Caloplaca stellata Wetmore & Kaerneflt, Massjukiella stellata (Wetmore & Kärnefelt) S.Y. Kondr.]
[Xanthoria tenax L. Lindblom]
[Xanthoria tenuiloba L. Lindblom]
[Caloplaca verruculifera (Vain.) Zahlbr., Gasparrinia verruculifera (Vain.) Dombr., Placodium verruculiferum Vain., Verrucoplaca verruculifera (Vain.) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell, Jung Kim, M.H. Jeong, N.N. Yu, A.S. Kondr. & Hur]
[Collema muscicola (Sw.) Ach., Cornicularia muscicola (Sw.) DC., Garovaglia muscicola (Sw.) Trevis., Homodium muscicola (Sw.) Nyl., Leptogium muscicola (Sw.) Fr., Lichen muscicola Sw., Parmelia muscicola (Sw.) Ach., Patellaria muscicola (Sw.) Wallr., Polychidium muscicolum (Sw.) Gray]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner et al. (2002)
[Dothidea hymeniicola Berk. & Broome, Endococcus hymeniicola (Berk. & Broome) D. Hawksw.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Spribille et al. (2010), Zhurbenko & Dillman (2010)
[Didymosphaeria kerneri (Stein) Vouaux]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner et al. (2002)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Alstrup (2004)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Zhurbenko & Pino-Bodas (2017)
[Didymosphaeria microstictica (Leight.) G. Winter, Didymosphaeria microstictica var. microstictica (Leight.) G. Winter, Endocarpon microsticticum Arnold, Microthelia microstictica (Leight.) Kuntze, Verrucaria microstictica Leight.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Endococcus opulentus Th. Fr. & Almq.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner et al. (2002)
[Didymosphaeria peltigerae Fuckel, Microthelia peltigerae (Fuckel) Kuntze]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Alstrup (2004)
[Polycoccum galligenum Vězda, Tichothecium pulvinatum Eitner]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Didymosphaeria sporastatiae (Anzi) G. Winter, Didymosphaeria sporastatiae f. incongruae (Arnaud) Sacc., Didymosphaeria sporastatiae f. sporastatiae (Anzi) G. Winter, Endococcus sporastatiae (Anzi) H. Olivier, Microthelia sporastatiae (Anzi) Kuntze, Mycoporum sporastatiae (Anzi) Jatta, Polycoccum sporastatiae f. sporastatiae (Anzi) Arnold, Tichothecium sporastatiae Anzi]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Didymosphaeria squamarioides (Mudd) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Sphaeria squamarioides Mudd, Tichothecium squamarioides (Mudd) G. Winter]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Diatrype trypethelioides Th. Fr.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Endococcus vermicularis (Linds.) D. Hawksw., Endococcus vermicularius (Linds.) D. Hawksw., Karschia vermicularis (Linds.) Rehm & Arnold, Lecidea vermicularia Linds., Tichothecium vermiculariae (Linds.) Jacz.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Esslinger & Egan (1995)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Spribille et al. (2010)
[Arthopyrenia albida Müll.Arg.]
[Arthopyrenia albocinerea (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Pseudopyrenula pentameria, Verrucaria albocinerea Kremp.]
[Arthopyrenia catapasta (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Arthopyrenia tumida Müll.Arg., Verrucaria catapasta Nyl.]
[Arthopyrenia atroalba Vain., Arthopyrenia contendens (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Verrucaria contendens Nyl.]
[Amphoroblastia quinqueseptata (Hepp) Servít, Arthopyrenia quinqueseptata (Nyl.) Fink, Polyblastia quinqueseptata (Hepp) Zschacke, Pyrenula quinqueseptata (Nyl.) Tuck., Spermatodium quinqueseptatum (Nyl.) Trevis., Thelidium quinqueseptatum (Nyl.) Arnold, Thelotrema quinqueseptatum Hepp, Verrucaria quinqueseptata Nyl.]
[Arthopyrenia subimitans Müll.Arg., Porina subcinerea (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Pseudopyrenula follmannii C.W. Dodge, Pyrenula subcinerea (Nyl.) Tuck., Verrucaria subcinerea Nyl.]
[Acarospora arenacea H. Magn.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2008a)
[Acarospora cyclocarpa (Anzi) Jatta, Biatorella cyclocarpa (Anzi) Lindau, Lecanora cyclocarpa (Anzi) J. Steiner, Lithographa cyclocarpa Anzi, Sarcogyne cyclocarpa (Anzi) J. Steiner]
source: Knudsen et al. (2011b)
[Acarospora gyrocarpa (H. Magn.) K. Knudsen & M. Westb., Sarcogyne gyrocarpa H. Magn.]
source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2009c)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2008a)
[Acarospora cervina var. privigna (Ach.) Mudd, Acarospora cervina var. simplex (Taylor) Mudd, Acarospora privigna (Ach.) Gotth. Schneid., Acarospora simplex (Taylor) Jatta nom. illegit., Acarospora simplex var. decipiens (A. Massal.) Jatta, Biatora privigna (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Biatorella privigna (Ach.) Sandst., Biatorella privigna f. privigna (Ach.) Sandst., Biatorella privigna var. privigna (Ach.) Sandst., Biatorella pruinosa var. decipiens Th. Fr. nom. illegit., Biatorella revertens (Tuck.) Herre, Biatorella simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostr., Biatorella simplex f. complicata (Cromb.) Sandst., Biatorella simplex f. goniophila (Flörke) Zahlbr., Biatorella simplex f. incrassata (Arnold) Zahlbr., Biatorella simplex f. simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostr., Biatorella simplex var. angusta (H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Biatorella simplex var. calcifraga (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Biatorella simplex var. chlorocinella (Wedd.) H. Olivier, Biatorella simplex var. crustosa (H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Biatorella simplex var. herpes Norman, Biatorella simplex var. hymenogonia (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr., Biatorella simplex var. incrassata (Arnold) Zahlbr., Biatorella simplex var. major (H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Biatorella simplex var. simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostr., Biatorella simplex var. strepsodina (Ach.) H. Olivier, Lecanora privigna (Ach.) Nyl., Lecanora privigna var. privigna (Ach.) Nyl., Lecanora privigna var. revertens Tuck. [synonymy unresolved], Lecanora simplex (Taylor) Nyl., Lecanora simplex f. complicata Cromb., Lecanora simplex f. simplex (Davies) Nyl., Lecidea privigna Ach., Lecidea simplex Taylor, Lecidea simplex var. calcifraga Müll.Arg., Lecidea simplex var. chlorocinella Wedd., Lecidea simplex var. simplex (Davies) Taylor, Polysporina simplex f. simplex (Davies) Vezda, Polysporina simplex var. crustosa (H. Magn.) N.S. Golubk., Polysporina simplex var. simplex (Davies) Vezda, Psora privigna (Ach.) Flot., Rinodina privigna (Ach.) Gray, Sarcogyne privigna (Ach.) A. Massal., Sarcogyne privigna f. privigna (Ach.) A. Massal., Sarcogyne simplex (Davies) Nyl., Sarcogyne simplex f. complicata (Cromb.) H. Magn., Sarcogyne simplex f. goniophila Flörke, Sarcogyne simplex f. incrassata Arnold, Sarcogyne simplex f. lignicola B. de Lesd. ex Meyl., Sarcogyne simplex f. simplex (Davies) Nyl., Sarcogyne simplex subsp. incrassata (Arnold) H. Magn., Sarcogyne simplex subsp. simplex (Davies) Nyl., Sarcogyne simplex var. angusta H. Magn., Sarcogyne simplex var. crustosa H. Magn., Sarcogyne simplex var. hymenogonia (Zahlbr.) H. Magn., Sarcogyne simplex var. major H. Magn., Sarcogyne simplex var. simplex (Davies) Nyl.]
[Acarospora subfuscescens (Nyl.) H. Magn., Acarospora subfuscescens var. subfuscescens (Nyl.) H. Magn., Biatorella subfuscescens (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Lecanora subfuscescens Nyl., Sarcogyne subfuscescens (Nyl.) Boistel]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2008a)
[Porina nucula var. heterospora Fink ex J. Hedrick]
[Arthopyrenia linearis (Leight.) Mudd, Porina chlorotica var. linearis (Leight.) A.L. Sm., Porina chlorotica var. persicina (Körb.) A.L. Sm., Porina persicina (Körb.) Zahlbr., Pseudosagedia linearis (Leighton) Hafellner, Sagedia linearis (Leight.) Arnold, Sagedia persicina Körb., Sagedia persicina var. persicina Körb., Sagedia persicina var. plumbea Bagl., Spermatodium lineare (Leight.) Trevis., Trichothelium lineare (Leighton) R. C. Harris, Verrucaria linearis Leight.]
source: Nash (2002)
source: Fryday (2010)
[Porina endochrysa Mont., Porina mastoidea var. rudis Müll.Arg., Porina nucula var. endochrysa (Mont.) Zahlbr., Porina pallida Müll.Arg., Porina rudis (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Porophora nucula (Ach.) Spreng., Segestria nucula (Ach.) Hellb., Sphaeromphale nucula (Ach.) Trevis., Verrucaria endochrysa (Mont.) Nyl.]
[Clathroporina confinis Müll.Arg., Clathroporina nuculastrum Müll.Arg., Polyblastiopsis floridana Fink ex J. Hedrick, Verrucaria nuculastrum (Müll.Arg.) Stizenb.]
source: Brodo (2004)
source: Aptroot (2002e)
source: McCarthy & Tønsberg (1998)
source: Harris (1995a)
[Collema furfurellum Nyl., Collemopsis furfurella (Nyl.) Nyl., Collemopsis lecanopsoides (Nyl.) Cromb., Porocyphus areolatus Flot. ex Körb., Porocyphus areolatus var. areolatus (Flot.) Körb., Porocyphus areolatus var. marginatus (Maheu & Werner) Zahlbr., Porocyphus furfurellus (Nyl.) Forssell, Psorotichia coccodes (Flot. ex Körb.) Arnold, Psorotichia furfurella (Nyl.) Boistel, Psorotichia lecanopsoides (Nyl.) Boistel, Pyrenopsis lecanopsoides Nyl., Pyrenopsis lecanopsoides var. lecanopsoides Nyl., Pyrenopsis lecanopsoides var. marginata Maheu & Werner]
[Lichiniza kenmorensis H.B. Holl ex Nyl., Pterygium kenmorense (H.B. Holl ex Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Synalissa kenmorensis F.C. Holl ex Nyl.]
[Huilia albocaerulescens var. albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel, Huilia albocaerulescens var. polycarpiza (Vain.) Hertel, Lecidea albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Ach., Lecidea albocaerulescens f. albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Ach., Lecidea albocaerulescens f. albuginosa (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecidea albocaerulescens f. lividoatra (Vain.) Vain., Lecidea albocaerulescens f. phacenterodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecidea albocaerulescens f. phaeenterodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecidea albocaerulescens f. prolificans Vain., Lecidea albocaerulescens var. albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Ach., Lecidea albocaerulescens var. alpina Schaer., Lecidea albocaerulescens var. soralifera Vain., Lecidea albocaerulescens var. soredizodes (Anzi) Zahlbr., Lecidea albocaerulescens var. subacrustacea Desm., Lecidea albocaerulescens var. vulgaris Schaer., Lecidea hebescens Nyl., Lecidea pruinosa Ach. 1803,]
source: Rambold (1989)
[Haplocarpon cinereoatrum (Ach.) M. Choisy, Haplocarpon musivum (Körb.) Vězda, Haplocarpon musivum var. musivum (Körb.) Vězda, Haplocarpon musivum var. subsquamescens Vězda, Huilia cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel, Huilia musiva (Körb.) Vězda, Huilia musiva var. musiva (Körb.) Vězda, Huilia musiva var. subsquamescens (Vězda) Vězda, Lecidea cinereoatra Ach., Lecidea cinereoatra f. cinereoatra Ach., Lecidea cinereoatra f. extenuata (Vain.) A. Zahlbr., Lecidea cinereoatra f. placodina J. Steiner, Lecidea cinereoatra f. subinnata (Vain.) Vain., Lecidea cinereoatra var. cinereoatra Ach., Lecidea musiva Körb., Porpidia musiva (Körb.) Hertel & Knoph]
[Lecidea contraponenda Arnold, Porpidia diversa (Lowe) Gowan]
[Biatora crustulata (Ach.) Hepp, Haplocarpon crustulatum (Ach.) M. Choisy, Haplocarpon meiosporum (Nyl.) M. Choisy, Huilia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel, Lecidea crustulata (Ach.) Spreng., Lecidea crustulata f. athallina O. Behr, Lecidea crustulata f. convexella (Vain.) Vain., Lecidea crustulata f. crustulata (Ach.) Spreng., Lecidea crustulata f. fuscella Mudd, Lecidea crustulata f. itatiaiae Redinger, Lecidea crustulata f. minutissima (Vain.) Vain., Lecidea crustulata f. subminutissima (Vain.) Vain., Lecidea crustulata subsp. crustulata (Ach.) Spreng., Lecidea crustulata var. crustulata (Ach.) Spreng., Lecidea crustulata var. meiospora (Ach.) Flagey, Lecidea crustulata var. soredizodes Lamy ex Nyl., Lecidea crustulata var. viologranulata Walt. Watson, Lecidea macrocarpa subsp. crustulata (Ach.) Vain., Lecidea punctata var. crustulata (Ach.) Schaer., Lecidea scutellata Walt. Watson]
[Biatora flavocoerulescens (Hornem.) Hepp, Haplocarpon contiguum var. flavicundum (Ach.) M. Choisy, Haplocarpon flavocaerulescens (Hornem.) V. Wirth ex Hertel, Huilia flavicunda (Ach.) Mas. Inoue, Lecidea albocaerulescens f. oxydata Schaer., Lecidea albocaerulescens var. flavocoerulescens (Hornem.) Schaer., Lecidea contigua var. flavicunda (Ach.) Nyl., Lecidea flavicunda Ach., Lecidea flavocoerulescens Hornem., Lecidea flavocoerulescens f. flavocoerulescens Hornem., Lecidea flavocoerulescens f. oxydata (Fr.) Szatala, Lecidea macrocarpa f. flavicunda (Ach.) Zahlbr., Lecidea steriza f. flavicunda (Ach.) Szatala, Porpidia flavocoerulescens (Hornem.) Hertel & A.J. Schwab]
source: Fryday (2005)
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