Consortium of Lichen Herbaria
- building a Global Consortium of Bryophytes and Lichens as keystones of cryptobiotic communities -
Lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental US & Canada (Version 23)
Taxa explicitly excluded: Erroneous reports of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi from North America (version #23)
Citation: This version (Version #23, 19 September 2019) of the checklist is being simultaneously published online by North Dakota State University, and in Opuscula Philolichenum 18: 102-378.
Locality: Continental United States of America and Canada
Abstract:
Version 23 of the checklist of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi occurring in North America north of Mexico is presented. It includes a total of 5,618 species in 766 genera, with an additional 44 subspecies, 45 varieties, and 3 forms. The total species number includes 631 lichenicolous fungi, 107 saprophytic fungi related to lichens or to lichenicolous fungi, and another 63 species of varying and/or uncertain biological status.
Please click here to download the Reference List as a PDF.
Notes: The original checklist and its previous versions is available online at this website of North Dakota State University.
Families: 174
Genera: 768
Species: 5621
Total Taxa: 5661
[Sticta hallii Tuck.]
[Sticta linita Ach.]
[Sticta oregana Tuck.]
[Dermatodea pulmonaria (L.) A. St.-Hil., Lichen pulmonarius L., Lobaria pulmonacea (Ach.) Shirley, Lobaria pulmonaria f. hypomela (Delise) Cromb., Parmelia pulmonacea Ach., Parmelia pulmonaria (L.) Spreng., Platysma pulmonarium (L.) Frege, Pulmonaria reticulata Hoffm., Sticta pulmonacea (Ach.) Ach., Sticta pulmonacea var. hypomela Delise, Sticta pulmonacea var. papillaris Delise, Sticta pulmonacea var. pleurocarpa Ach., Sticta pulmonacea var. pulmonacea (Ach.) Ach., Sticta pulmonaria (L.) Biroli, Sticta pulmonaria f. pulmonaria (L.) Biroli, Sticta pulmonaria var. hypomela (Delise) Duby]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Sticta pulmonaria var. linita
[Lobaria quercizans f. quercizans Michx., Lobaria quercizans var. quercizans Michx., Ricasolia quercizans (Michx.) Stizenb., Sticta quercizans (Michx.) Ach., Stictina quercizans Nyl., Stictina quercizans var. ornata Müll. Arg.]
[Emmanuelia ravenelii (Tuck.) Ant. Simon & Goffinet, Sticta ravenelii Tuck.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Sticta ravenelii
[Lichen scrobiculatus Scop., Lichen verrucosus L., Lobaria verrucosa (Huds.) Hoffm., Lobaria verrucosa var. burcica Gyeln., Lobaria verrucosa var. verrucosa (Huds.) Hoffm., Lobarina scrobiculata (Scop.) Nyl., Lobarina verrucosa (Huds.) Gyeln. ex Räsänen, Parmelia scrobiculata (Scop.) Ach., Platysma verrucosum (Baumg.) Frege, Pseudocyphellaria scrobiculata (Scop.) J. Blum, Pulmonaria verrucosa (Baumg.) Hoffm., Sticta scrobiculata (Scop.) Ach., Sticta verrucosa (Huds.) Fink, Stictina scrobiculata (Scop.) Nyl., Stictina verrucosa (Huds.) Szatala]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Sticta scrobiculata
[Nephroma silvae-veteris Goward & Goffinet]
source: Goffinet & Goward (1998)
[Emmanuelia tenuis (Vain.) Lücking, Moncada & Gumboski]
[Aspicilia alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Poelt & Leuckert, Lecanora alphoplaca (Wg.) Ach., Lecanora alphoplaca f. alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Ach., Lecanora alphoplaca f. muscicola Tomin, Lecanora alphoplaca var. alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Ach., Lecanora alphoplaca var. inflata Ach., Lecanora thamnoplaca Tuck., Parmelia alphoplaca Wahlenb.]
[Aspicilia melanaspis (Ach.) Poelt & Leuckert, Lecanora melanaspis (Ach.) Ach., Lecanora melanaspis f. melanaspis (Ach.) Ach., Lecanora melanaspis f. tenebrica H. Magn., Lecanora melanaspis var. melanaspis (Ach.) Ach., Lichen melanaspis (Ach.) Wahlenb., Parmelia melanaspis Ach., Parmularia melanaspis (Ach.) Räsänen, Parmularia melanaspis f. intestiniformis Räsänen, Parmularia melanaspis f. melanaspis (Ach.) Räsänen, Placodium melanaspis (Ach.) Link, Placodium melanaspis var. melanaspis (Ach.) Ach., Placolecanora melanaspis (Ach.) Räsänen, Squamaria melanaspis (Ach.) Elenkin]
[Aspicilia praeradiosa (Nyl.) Poelt & Leuckert, Lecanora bogdoënsis Tomin, Lecanora praeradiosa Nyl., Lecanora praeradiosa f. csikensis (Gyeln.) Zahlbr., Lecanora praeradiosa f. melanocarpa Gyeln., Lecanora praeradiosa f. praeradiosa Nyl., Lecanora praeradiosa var. budensis Gyeln., Lecanora praeradiosa var. praeradiosa Nyl., Placodium praeradiosum (Nyl.) Szatala, Placolecanora bogdoënsis (Tomin) Kopach., Placolecanora praeradiosa (Nyl.) Sedeln., Squamaria praeradiosa (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Squamaria praeradiosa f. csikensis Gyeln., Squamaria praeradiosa f. farkasvolgyensis Gyeln., Squamaria praeradiosa f. matyashegyensis Gyeln., Squamaria praeradiosa f. nyekensis Gyeln., Squamaria praeradiosa f. praeradiosa (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Squamaria praeradiosa f. sashegyensis Gyeln.]
[Aspicilia radiosa (Hoffm.) Poelt & Leuckert, Aspicilia radiosa f. radiosa (Hoffm.) Poelt & Leuckert, Aspicilia radiosa var. radiosa (Hoffm.) Poelt & Leuckert, Aspicilia subcircinata (Nyl.) Coppins, Circinaria subcircinata (Nyl.) M. Choisy, Circinaria subcircinata f. subcircinata (Nyl.) M. Choisy, Circinaria subcircinata f. subfarinosa (Nyl.) M. Choisy, Circinaria subcircinata var. myrrhina (Ach.) M. Choisy, Circinaria subcircinata var. subcircinata (Nyl.) M. Choisy, Lecanora circinata (Pers.) Ach., Lecanora circinata var. circinata (Pers.) Ach., Lecanora circinata var. rauca J. Steiner, Lecanora circinatula Nyl., Lecanora radiosa (Hoffm.) Schaer., Lecanora radiosa f. centrifuga (Servít) Zahlbr., Lecanora radiosa f. coerulescens (H. Olivier) Zahlbr., Lecanora radiosa f. ocellata (Bagl. & Carestia) Zahlbr., Lecanora radiosa f. pinacion (Ach.) Zahlbr., Lecanora radiosa f. radiosa (Hoffm.) Schaer., Lecanora radiosa f. subfarinosa (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecanora radiosa subsp. circinata (Pers.) Kuan, Lecanora radiosa subsp. radiosa (Hoffm.) Schaer., Lecanora radiosa subsp. subcircinata (Nyl.) Kuan, Lecanora radiosa var. albopulverulenta (Bagl. & Carestia) Zahlbr., Lecanora radiosa var. carbonatica (Gyeln.) Cretz., Lecanora radiosa var. incanescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecanora radiosa var. likana Servít, Lecanora radiosa var. myrrhina (Ach.) Schaer., Lecanora radiosa var. psoralis Schaer., Lecanora radiosa var. radiosa (Hoffm.) Schaer., Lecanora radiosa var. rauca (J. Steiner) Zahlbr., Lecanora radiosa var. subcircinata (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecanora subcircinata Nyl., Lecanora subcircinata f. centrifuga Servít, Lecanora subcircinata f. subcircinata Nyl., Lecanora subcircinata var. subcircinata Nyl., Lecanora subcircinata var. subfarinosa Nyl., Lecanora subimbricata A.L. Sm., Lecanora subimbricata var. circinatula (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Lecanora subimbricata var. subimbricata A.L. Sm., Lichen circinatus Pers., Lichen radiosus Hoffm., Lobaria radiosa (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Parmelia circinata (Pers.) Ach., Parmelia radiosa (Hoffm.) Schaer., Parmelia radiosa var. circinata (Pers.) Schaer., Parmularia radiosa (Hoffm.) B. de Lesd., Parmularia radiosa var. radiosa (Hoffm.) B. de Lesd., Parmularia radiosa var. subcircinata (Nyl.) B. de Lesd., Patellaria circinata (Pers.) Wallr., Patellaria radiosa (Hoffm.) Trevis., Placodium circinatum (Pers.) Gray, Placodium circinatum f. circinatum (Pers.) Gray, Placodium circinatum f. ocellata Bagl. & Carestia, Placodium circinatum var. circinatum (Pers.) Gray, Placodium circinatum var. urbanum B. de Lesd., Placodium radiosum (Hoffm.) Ach., Placodium radiosum f. radiosum (Hoffm.) Ach., Placodium radiosum f. subcircinatum (Nyl.) Oxner, Placodium radiosum var. albopulverulenta Bagl. & Carestia, Placodium radiosum var. likanum (Servít) Szatala, Placodium radiosum var. radiosum (Hoffm.) Ach., Placodium subcircinatum (Nyl.) Arnold, Placolecanora circinata (Pers.) B. de Lesd., Placolecanora circinata var. circinata (Pers.) B. de Lesd., Placolecanora circinata var. urbana B. de Lesd., Placolecanora radiosa (Hoffm.) Räsänen, Placolecanora radiosa f. radiosa (Hoffm.) Räsänen, Placolecanora radiosa f. subcircinata (Nyl.) Kopach., Placolecanora radiosa var. farinosa (Anzi) Räsänen, Placolecanora radiosa var. radiosa (Hoffm.) Räsänen, Placolecanora radiosa var. subcircinata (Nyl.) B. de Lesd., Psora radiosa (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Psoroma circinatum (Pers.) Rabenh., Psoroma radiosum (Hoffm.) Flagey, Psoroma subcircinatum (Nyl.) Flagey, Squamaria circinata (Pers.) Hook., Squamaria circinata var. circinata (Pers.) Hook., Squamaria circinata var. farinosa Anzi, Squamaria circinatula (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Squamaria radiosa (Hoffm.) Poetsch, Squamaria radiosa f. balcanica Gyeln., Squamaria radiosa f. centrifuga (Servít) Gyeln., Squamaria radiosa f. communissima Gyeln., Squamaria radiosa f. crenulata Gyeln., Squamaria radiosa f. krasznahorkae Gyeln., Squamaria radiosa f. mediterranea Gyeln., Squamaria radiosa f. monalovacensis Gyeln., Squamaria radiosa f. nigromarginata Szatala, Squamaria radiosa f. radiosa (Hoffm.) Schaer., Squamaria radiosa f. subfarinosa (Nyl.) Szatala, Squamaria radiosa f. subintegra Gyeln., Squamaria radiosa var. albopulverulenta (Bagl. & Carestia) Szatala, Squamaria radiosa var. ocellata (Bagl. & Carestia) Szatala, Squamaria radiosa var. radiosa (Hoffm.) Schaer., Squamaria riparia var. subcircinata (Nyl.) Szatala, Squamaria subcircinata (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Squamaria subcircinata f. coerulescens H. Olivier, Squamaria subcircinata f. nigromarginata Szatala, Squamaria subcircinata f. subcircinata (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Squamaria subcircinata var. myrrhina (Ach.) Szatala, Squamaria subcircinata var. subcircinata (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Zeora circinata (Pers.) Flot.]
[Lecidea coralloidea (Nyl.) Vain., Lecidea pezizoidea var. coralloidea Nyl., Lopadium pezizoideum var. coralloideum (Nyl.) Th. Fr., Sporopodium coralloideum (Nyl.) Vain., Sporopodium pezizoideum var. coralloideum (Nyl.) Vain.]
[Heterothecium pezizoideum var. disciforme Flot., Lopadium pezizoideum var. disciforme (Flot.) Körb., Sporopodium pezizoideum var. disciforme (Flot.) Vain.]
[Biatora muscicola (Sommerf.) Hepp, Diplotomma pezizoideum (Ach.) Jatta, Heterothecium muscicola (Sommerf.) Rabenh., Heterothecium pezizoideum (Ach.) Stizenb., Heterothecium pezizoideum var. pezizoideum (Ach.) Stizenb., Lecidea muscicola Sommerf., Lecidea pezizoidea Ach., Lecidea pezizoidea var. pezizoidea Ach., Lopadium muscicola (Sommerf.) Körb., Lopadium pezizoideum var. muscicola (Sommerf.) Th. Fr., Sporopodium pezizoideum (Ach.) Vain., Sporopodium pezizoideum var. muscicola (Sommerf.) Vain., Sporopodium pezizoideum var. pezizoideum (Ach.) Vain.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Heterothecium pezizoideum
[Chicitaea assateaguensis (Lendemer) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer]
source: Lendemer (2013c)
[Haematomma cismonicum Beltr., Lecanora cismonica (Beltr.) Nyl., Patellaria cismonica (Beltr.) Hepp]
[Chicitaea confusa (Lendemer) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer]
source: Lendemer (2013c)
[Haematomma elatinum (Ach.) A. Massal., Lecania elatina (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Lecanora elatina Ach., Lichen elatinus Ach., Parmelia elatina (Ach.) Fr., Patellaria elatina (Ach.) Hepp, Pseudographis elatina (Ach.) Nyl., Pseudographis elatina var. elatina (Ach.) Nyl., Pseudographis elatina var. polyseptata Magnes, Zeora elatina (Ach.) Flot.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Lecanora elatina
[Biatora ochrophaea Tuck. 1848, Haematomma ochrophaeum (Tuck.) A. Massal., Lecania ochrophaea (Tuck.) Müll.Arg., Lecanora elatina var. ochrophaea (Tuck.) Tuck., Lecanora ochrophaea (Tuck.) Nyl.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Lecanora elatina var. ochrophaea
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
[Lecidea polycampia Tuck., Malcolmiella flavopustulosa Cáceres & Lücking, Malmidea polycampia (Tuck.) Kalb & Lücking]
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014a)
source: Cáceres et al. (2017)
[Biatora furfurosa (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Tuck., Malcolmiella furfurosa (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Cáceres & Lücking]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Biatora furfurosa, source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Lecidea fuscella Müll.Arg., Malcolmiella fuscella (Müll. Arg.) Cáceres & Lücking]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Huilia granifera (Ach.) Kr.P. Singh, Lecanora granifera Ach., Lecidea granifera (Ach.) Vain., Lecidea granifera var. granifera (Ach.) Vain., Malcolmiella granifera (Ach.) Kalb & Lücking]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Biatora leptoloma (Müll. Arg.) Hellb., Lecidea leptoloma Müll.Arg., Malcolmiella leptoloma (Müll. Arg.) Cáceres & Lücking]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Biatora piperis (Spreng.) Räsänen, Biatora piperis f. piperis (Spreng.) Räsänen, Lecanora piperis Spreng., Lecidea piperis (Spreng.) Nyl., Lecidea piperis f. piperis (Spreng.) Nyl., Lecidea piperis var. piperis (Spreng.) Nyl., Malcolmiella piperis (Spreng.) Kalb & Lücking]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Biatora rhodopis Tuck., Biatora rhodopsis Tuck., Malcolmiella rhodopsis (Tuck.) Kalb & Lücking, Malmidea rhodopis (Tuck.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Lecidea vinosa Eschw., Malcolmiella vinosa (Eschw.) Kalb & Lücking]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Laetisaria buckii (Diederich & Lawrey) Diederich, Lawrey & Ghobad-Nejhad]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich & Lawrey (2007)
[Aegerita physciae Vouaux, Illosporium corallinum Roberge]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: DePriest et al. (2005)
[Acarospora constans (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Lecanora constans Nyl., Maronea carolinae H. Magn., Maroneomyces constantis Cif. & Tomas., Rinodina constans (Nyl.) Tuck.]
Questionable for North America (Harris 2006b).
[Cetraria inermis (Nyl.) Krog, Tuckermannopsis inermis (Nyl.) Karnefelt]
source: Nelsen et al. (2013)
[Cetraria richardsonii Hook., Cornicularia richardsonii (Hook.) Trevis., Evernia richardsonii (Hook.) Nyl., Parmelia richardsonii (Hook.) Nyl., Platysma richardsonii (Hook.) Nyl.]
[Biatora carnosa (Dicks.) Rabenh., Lecanora carnosa (Dicks.) Hook. f., Lecanora muscorum Ach., Lecidea carnosa (Dicks.) Sommerf., Lecidea carnosa var. carnosa (Dicks.) Sommerf., Lecidea carnosa var. lepidota Sommerf., Lichen carnosus Dicks., Massalongia carnosa f. muscorum (Ach.) Gyeln., Massalongia carnosa var. determinata (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Pannaria carnosa (Dicks.) Rabenh., Pannaria muscorum (Ach.) Delise, Pannaria muscorum f. meizospora Harm., Pannaria muscorum f. muscorum (Ach.) Delise, Pannaria muscorum var. determinata Nyl., Pannaria muscorum var. muscorum (Ach.) Delise, Pannularia carnosa (Dicks.) Cromb., Pannularia muscorum (Ach.) Stizenb., Parmelia carnosa (Dicks.) Schaer., Parmelia muscorum (Ach.) Fr., Parmeliella muscorum (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Psora carnosa (Dicks.) Hoffm., Psoroma muscorum (Ach.) Gray, Racoblenna carnosa (Dicks.) Trevis., Squamaria muscorum (Ach.) Hook., Zeora muscorum (Ach.) Flot.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Pannaria carnosa
[Placynthium dubium Herre, Placynthium microphyllizum (Nyl.) Hasse]
[Kohlmeyera complicatula (Nyl.) Schatz, Leptogiopsis complicatula Nyl., Mastodia complicatula (Nyl.) C.W. Dodge, Mastodia macquariensis C.W. Dodge, Mastodia tesselata (Hook. f. & Harv.) Hook. f. & Harv., Turgidosculum complicatulum (Nyl.) Kohlm. & E. Kohlm.]
source: Kohlmeyer et al. (2004)
[Enterographa carnea (Eckfeldt) R.C. Harris, Ocellularia carnea (Eckfeldt) Zahlbr., Thelotrema carneum Eckfeldt]
source: Aptroot et al. (2014)
[Dirina viridescens (Fée) Müll.Arg., Gomphospora viridescens (Fée) A. Massal., Mazosia ocellata (Nyl.) R. C Harris, Platygrapha ocellata Nyl., Platygrapha viridescens (Fée) Müll. Arg., Schismatomma ocellatum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Schismatomma viridescens (Fée) Zahlbr., Urceolaria viridescens Fée]
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
[Graphina nitida Eschw., Graphis nitida Nyl.]
[Graphina agminalis (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Graphis agminalis Nyl., Jocatoa agminalis (Nyl.) Lucking, Herrera-Camp. & R.Miranda]
[Catillaria albocincta Degel., Catillochroma albocinctum (Degel.) Kalb, Catinaria albocincta Degel.]
source: Fryday & Lendemer (2010)
[Catillochroma alleniae (McMullin & Lendemer) Kalb]
source: McMullin & Lendemer (2016)
[Catillochroma alligatorense (Lendemer) Kalb]
source: Lendemer et al. (2016c)
source: Ekman & Tønsberg (1996)
[Catillaria columbiana (G. Merr.) W.J. Noble]
source: Ekman & Tønsberg (1996)
[Biatora grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) G. Merr., Biatorina grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Mudd, Bilimbia grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Branth & Rostr., Catillaria grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Körb., Catillaria leucoplaca (DC.) A. Massal., Catinaria grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Vain., Catinaria leucoplaca (DC.) Zahlbr., Heterothecium grossum (Pers. ex Nyl.) Tuck., Lecidea grossa Pers. ex Nyl., Megalospora grossa (Nyl.) Vězda, Patellaria grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Müll. Arg.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Heterothecium grossum
[Catillaria jemtlandica Th. Fr. & Almq., Catocarpus jemtlandicus (Th. Fr. & Almq.) Hav., Lecidea jemtlandica (Th. Fr. & Almq.) Nyl., Lecidea sublimosa Nyl.]
source: Fryday (2004a)
[Biatora intermixta sensu auct. brit., Biatorina laureri (Hepp ex Th. Fr.) Fink, Biatorina subsphaeroides (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Bilimbia subsphaeroides (Nyl.) Galløe, Catillaria laureri Hepp ex Th. Fr., Catillaria laureri f. laureri Hepp ex Th. Fr., Catillaria subsphaeroides (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Catinaria laureri (Hepp ex Th. Fr.) Degel., Catinaria laureri f. laureri (Hepp ex Th. Fr.) Degel., Catinaria laureri subsp. laureri (Hepp ex Th. Fr.) Degel., Catinaria laureri subsp. subsphaeroides (Nyl.) P. James, Catinaria subsphaeroides (Nyl.) P. James, Gyalecta livida (Mudd) Zahlbr., Lecidea laureri (Hepp) Anzi, Lecidea subsphaeroides Nyl., Phialopsis livida Mudd]
source: Ekman & Tønsberg (1996)
[Catillaria leptocheila (Tuck.) Riddle, Catillaria leptocheila var. leptocheila (Tuck.) Riddle, Catillochroma leptocheilum (Tuck.) Kalb, Heterothecium leptocheilum (Tuck.) Riddle]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Heterothecium leptocheilum, source: Fryday & Lendemer (2010)
source: Fryday & Lendemer (2010)
[Biatorina pulverea (Borrer) Mudd, Catillaria pulverea (Borrer) Lettau, Catillochroma pulverea (Borrer) Kalb, Catinaria pulverea (Borrer) Vězda & Poelt, Lecidea pulverea Borrer, Patellaria pulverea (Borrer) Müll. Arg.]
[Bacidia versicolor (Nyl.) Trevis., Biatora versicolor (Nyl.) Mont. & Van den Bosch, Biatorina versicolor (Nyl.) Hellb., Catinaria versicolor (Fée) Sipman, Heterothecium versicolor (Nyl.) Flot., Lopezaria versicolor (Fée) Kalb & Hafellner, Megalospora versicolor (Fée) Zahlbr., Megalospora versicolor var. argyrodes (Vain.) Zahlbr., Megalospora versicolor var. incondita (Kremp.) Vain., Megalospora versicolor var. microcarpa Zahlbr., Megalospora versicolor var. versicolor (Fée) Zahlbr., Patellaria versicolor (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Heterothecium versicolor?; Index Fungorum lists current name as Lopezaria versicolor , source: Fryday & Lendemer (2010)
[Bombyliospora pachycheila (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Heterothecium pachycheilum (Tuck.) Tuck.]
[Biatora porphyritis Tuck., Bombyliospora porphyritis (Tuck.) A. Massal.]
[Bacidia pachycarpa (Delise ex Duby) Trevis., Bacidia tuberculosa (Fée) Trevis., Biatora pachycarpa (Delise ex Duby) Fr., Biatora tuberculosa (Fée) Mont., Bilimbia pachycarpa (Delise ex Duby) Boistel, Bombyliospora incana A.L. Sm., Bombyliospora pachycarpa (Delise ex Duby) A. Massal., Bombyliospora tuberculosa (Fée) A. Massal., Bombyliospora tuberculosa f. geotropa (Stizenb.) Zahlbr., Bombyliospora tuberculosa f. tuberculosa (Fée) A. Massal., Bombyliospora tuberculosa var. australica Räsänen, Bombyliospora tuberculosa var. tuberculosa (Fée) A. Massal., Heterothecium tuberculosum (Fée) Flot., Heterothecium tuberculosum var. amplficans (Nyl.) Tuck., Heterothecium tuberculosum var. tuberculosum (Fée) Flot., Lecidea pachycarpa Fr., Lecidea tuberculosa Fée, Lecidea tuberculosa f. geotropa Stizenb., Lecidea tuberculosa f. tuberculosa Fée, Lichen incanus (Hook.) Sm. & Sowerby, Megalospora pachycarpa H. Olivier, Megaspora pachycarpa (Delise ex Duby) H. Olivier, Patellaria pachycarpa Delise ex Duby, Patellaria tuberculosa (Fée) Spreng.]
[Amygdalaria verrucosa (Ach.) Körb., Aspicilia mutabilis (Ach.) Körb., Aspicilia mutabilis f. corticola Norman, Aspicilia mutabilis f. mutabilis (Ach.) Körb., Aspicilia verrucosa (Ach.) Körb., Aspicilia verrucosa f. corticola-asiatica Gintovt, Aspicilia verrucosa f. rugulosa Norman, Aspicilia verrucosa f. verrucosa (Ach.) Körb., Aspicilia verrucosa subsp. mutabilis (Ach.) Cl. Roux, Aspicilia verrucosa subsp. verrucosa (Ach.) Körb., Gussonea verrucosa (Ach.) Trevis., Lecanora urceolata (Anzi) Nyl., Lecanora verrucosa (Ach.) Laurer, Lecanora verrucosa f. rugulosa Norman, Lecanora verrucosa f. verrucosa Ach., Megaspora verrucosa (Ach.) Hafellner & V. Wirth Nom. rejic., Megaspora verrucosa var. mutabilis (Ach.) Nimis & Cl. Roux, Megaspora verrucosa var. verrucosa (Ach.) Hafellner & V. Wirth, Pachyospora mutabilis (Ach.) A. Massal., Pachyospora verrucosa (Ach.) Massal., Parmelia verrucosa (Ach.) Spreng., Pertusaria freyi Erichsen, Pertusaria freyi subsp. freyi Erichsen, Pertusaria freyi subsp. monosticha Erichsen, Pertusaria freyi var. freyi Erichsen, Pertusaria freyi var. monosticha (Erichsen) Erichsen, Urceolaria mutabilis Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. verrucosa (Ach.) Schaer., Urceolaria verrucosa Ach.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): update from L. Arcadia & A. Nordin
[Cetraria agnata (Nyl.) Kristinsson]
[Cetraria culbersonii Hale, Nephromopsis culbersonii (Hale) Divakar, A. Crespo & Lumbsch]
[Cetraria fahlunensis var. polyschiza (Nyl.) Th. Fr., Cetraria hepatizon (Ach.) Vain., Cetraria hepatizon f. arboricola Kosk.{?}, Cetraria hepatizon f. hepatizon (Ach.) Vain., Cetraria hepatizon f. insolita (Nyl.) Rass., Cetraria hepatizon f. muscicola Räsänen, Cetraria hepatizon var. foveolata Hillmann, Cetraria hepatizon var. frostii (Tuck.) Räsänen, Cetraria hepatizon var. hepatizon (Ach.) Vain., Cetraria hepatizon var. minor (Schaer.) Hillmann, Cetraria hepatizon var. muscicola (Räsänen) Räsänen, Cetraria hepatizon var. polyschiza (Nyl.) H. Magn., Cetraria polyschiza (Nyl.) Jatta, Lichen hepatizon Ach., Platysma hepatizon (Ach.) Vain., Platysma polyschizum Nyl., Platysma polyschizum var. platyna (Ach.) Ach., Platysma polyschizum var. polyschizum Nyl.]
[Cetraria stygia (L.) Schaer., Cornicularia stygia (L.) Nyl., Imbricaria stygia (L.) DC., Imbricaria stygia f. conturbata Arnold, Imbricaria stygia f. stygia (L.) DC., Lichen stygius L., Lobaria stygia (L.) Hoffm., Parmelia stygia (L.) Ach., Parmelia stygia f. lignicola Kosk.{?}, Parmelia stygia f. stygia (L.) Ach., Parmelia stygia var. elveloidea Schaer., Parmelia stygia var. orbicularis Schaer., Parmelia stygia var. pulvinata Schaer., Parmelia stygia var. reagens Servít, Parmelia stygia var. septentrionalis Lynge, Parmelia stygia var. stygia (L.) Ach., Squamaria stygia (L.) Hoffm.]
source: Leavitt et al. (2016)
[Melanelia albertana (Ahti) Essl., Parmelia albertana Ahti]
source: Divakar et al. (2010)
[Imbricaria glabratula (Lamy) Zahlbr. nom. inval., Melanelia glabratula (Lamy) Essl., Parmelia glabratula (Lamy) Nyl., Parmelia glabratula f. glabratula (Lamy) Nyl., Parmelia glabratula subsp. glabratula (Lamy) Nyl., Parmelia glabratula var. glabratula (Lamy) Nyl.]
[Melanelia glabroides (Essl.) Essl., Parmelia glabroides Essl.]
source: Leavitt et al. (2016)
[Melanelia subargentifera (Nyl.) Essl., Parmelia conspurcata (Schaer.) Vain., Parmelia subargentifera Nyl., Parmelia subargentifera f. conspurcata (Schaer.) Grummann, Parmelia subargentifera f. pernites (Lettau) Grummann, Parmelia subargentifera f. subargentifera Nyl., Parmelia subargentifera var. leucocheila (A. Massal.) Grummann, Parmelia subargentifera var. subargentifera Nyl.]
[Imbricaria subaurifera (Nyl.) Arnold, Melanelia subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl., Parmelia subaurifera Nyl., Parmelia subaurifera f. fuliginoides B. de Lesd., Parmelia subaurifera f. isidioidea H. Olivier, Parmelia subaurifera f. laciniata Maas Geest., Parmelia subaurifera f. minuta (Erichsen) Rass., Parmelia subaurifera f. subaurifera Nyl., Parmelia subaurifera var. fuliginoides (B. de Lesd.) Frey, Parmelia subaurifera var. minuta Erichsen, Parmelia subaurifera var. subaurifera Nyl.]
[Melanelia villosella (Essl.) Essl., Parmelia villosella Essl.]
[Encephalographa anthracothecii Diederich, Melaspilea tribulodes (Tuck.) Müll.Arg., Opegrapha tribulodes Tuck.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz & Diederich (2015)
source: Leavitt et al. (2016)
source: Leavitt et al. (2016)
[Collema exasperatum Ach., Imbricaria exasperata (Ach.) Rabenh., Melanelia elegantula (Zahlbr.) Essl., Melanelia elegantula var. elegantula (Zahlbr.) Essl., Melanelia elegantula var. isidioidea (H. Olivier) S.Y. Kondr., Melanelia incolorata (Parrique) Essl., Parmelia aspidota var. elegantula Zahlbr., Parmelia elegantula (Zahlbr.) Szatala, Parmelia elegantula subsp. elegantula (Zahlbr.) Szatala, Parmelia elegantula var. americana Räsänen, Parmelia elegantula var. elegantula (Zahlbr.) Szatala, Parmelia elegantula var. isidioidea (H. Olivier) Hillmann, Parmelia exasperatula var. elegantula (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr.]
[Imbricaria aspera (A. Massal.) Körb., Imbricaria aspidota (Ach.) Rehm, Melanelia exasperata (De Not.) Essl., Melanelia exasperata f. exasperata (De Not.) Essl., Melanelia exasperata f. pruinosa (Parrique) S.Y. Kondr., Parmelia aspera A. Massal., Parmelia aspera f. aspera A. Massal., Parmelia aspera f. aspidota (Ach.) Maas Geest., Parmelia aspera f. exasperans (Nyl.) Grummann, Parmelia aspidota (Ach.) Röhl., Parmelia aspidota f. aspidota (Ach.) Röhl., Parmelia aspidota f. corallizans (Harm.) Hillmann, Parmelia aspidota f. exasperans (Nyl.) Hillmann, Parmelia aspidota f. lobulicola Gyeln., Parmelia aspidota f. pruinosa (Parrique) Hillmann, Parmelia aspidota var. aspidota (Ach.) Röhl., Parmelia aspidota var. exasperans (Nyl.) Szatala, Parmelia exasperata De Not., Parmelia exasperata f. corallizans Harm., Parmelia exasperata f. exasperata De Not., Parmelia exasperata f. pruinosa Parrique, Parmelia exasperata var. exasperans (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Parmelia exasperata var. exasperata De Not., Parmelia olivacea f. aspidota (Ach.) Th. Fr., Parmelia olivacea var. aspera (A. Massal.) anon.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Parmelia olivacea f. aspidota
[Imbricaria exasperatula (Nyl.) Arnold, Melanelia exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl., Melanelia exasperatula f. exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl., Melanelia exasperatula f. sublaciniatula (Erichsen) S.Y. Kondr., Melanelia exasperatula f. subrasa (Harm.) S.Y. Kondr., Parmelia exasperatula Nyl., Parmelia exasperatula f. congesta Hillmann, Parmelia exasperatula f. exasperatula Nyl., Parmelia exasperatula f. laevigatula Nyl., Parmelia exasperatula f. sublaciniatula Erichsen, Parmelia exasperatula f. subrasa (Harm.) Maas Geest., Parmelia exasperatula var. exasperatula Nyl., Parmelia exasperatula var. laciniatula Flagey ex H. Olivier, Parmelia exasperatula var. subrasa Harm.]
[Melanelia halei (Ahti) Essl., Parmelia halei Ahti]
[Imbricaria infumata (Nyl.) Arnold, Melanelia infumata (Nyl.) Essl., Parmelia elegantula subsp. infumata (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Parmelia infumata Nyl., Parmelia infumata f. borealis Gyeln., Parmelia infumata f. infumata Nyl., Parmelia infumata var. bakonyensis Gyeln., Parmelia infumata var. dovrensis Gyeln., Parmelia infumata var. infumata Nyl.]
[Melanelia multispora (A. Schneider) Essl., Parmelia multispora A. Schneid.]
[Imbricaria olivacea (L.) DC., Imbricaria olivacea f. olivacea (L.) DC., Imbricaria olivacea f. papulosa Anzi, Imbricaria olivacea var. imbricata A. Massal., Imbricaria olivacea var. olivacea (L.) DC., Lichen olivaceus L., Melanelia olivacea (L.) Eassl., Melanelia olivacea f. albopunctata (Asahina) S.Y. Kondr., Melanelia olivacea f. caesiopruinosa (Lynge) S.Y. Kondr., Melanelia olivacea f. olivacea (L.) Essl., Parmelia olivacea L. (Ach.), Parmelia olivacea f. albopunctata Asahina, Parmelia olivacea f. caesiopruinosa Lynge, Parmelia olivacea f. olivacea (L.) Ach., Parmelia olivacea var. abortiva Schaer., Parmelia olivacea var. albopunctata (Asahina) Ahti, Parmelia olivacea var. arenisaxicola Gyeln., Parmelia olivacea var. corticola Th. Fr., Parmelia olivacea var. delisei Duby, Parmelia olivacea var. elegantula Zahlbr., Parmelia olivacea var. furfuracea, Parmelia olivacea var. leucocheila A. Massal., Parmelia olivacea var. olivacea (L.) Ach., Parmelia olivacea var. polyspora Herre, Platysma olivaceum (L.) Frege]
[Melanelia olivaceoides (Krog) Essl., Parmelia olivaceoides Krog]
[Melanelia septentrionalis (Lynge) Essl., Parmelia olivacea var. septentrionalis Lynge, Parmelia septentrionalis (Lynge) Ahti]
[Melanelia subelegantula (Essl.) Essl., Parmelia subelegantula Essl.]
[Melanelia subolivacea (Nyl.) Essl., Parmelia subolivacea Nyl.]
source: Leavitt et al. (2016)
[Melanelia trabeculata (Ahti) Essl., Parmelia trabeculata Ahti]
[Lecidea transitoria Arnold, Lecidea transitoria var. subcaerulescens (Arnold) Arnold, Lecidea transitoria var. transitoria Arnold, Tremolecia transitoria (Arnold) Hertel]
[Microthelia oxyspora Zahlbr.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Topeliopsis toensbergii Kantvilas & Vězda]
source: Mangold et al. (2008)
[Ocellularia meiosperma (Nyl.) Hale, Phaeotrema meiospermum (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Thelotrema meiospermum Nyl.]
source: Frisch (2006)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014a)
[Opegrapha cinerascens Willey]
[Opegrapha constrictella Stirt.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Opegrapha demissa Tuck.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Esslinger & Egan (1995)
[Graphis scaphella var. gemella Eschw.]
source: Esslinger & Tucker (2009)
source: Villella et al. (2013)
[Glyphis maculosa Fr.]
[Buellia arthonioides (Fée) Arnold, Catillaria arthonioides (Fée) A. Massal., Melaspilea arthonioides (Fée) Nyl., Poetschia arthonioides (Fée) Stein]
source: Ertz & Diederich (2015)
[Arthonia proximella Nyl., Banhegyia setispora L. Zeller & Tóth., Banhegyia uralensis (Naumov) Kohlm., Buellia proximella (Nyl.) Rabenh., Catillaria proximella (Nyl.) Th. Fr., Celidium proximellum (Nyl.) P. Karst., Celidium proximellum var. proximellum (Nyl.) P. Karst., Celidium proximellum var. uralense Naumov, Coniangium proximellum (Nyl.) Hellb., Melaspilea proximella (Nyl.) Nyl. ex Norrlin]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Ertz & Diederich (2015)
[Hypogymnia pertusa (Schaer.) Nyl., Imbricaria diatrypa (Ach.) DC., Imbricaria pertusa (Schaer.) Arnold, Imbricaria terebrata (Hoffm.) Körb., Lichen diatrypus Ach., Lichen pertusus L., Lobaria terebrata Hoffm., Menegazzia diatrypa (Ach.) A. Massal., Menegazzia pertusa (Schaer.) Stein, Menegazzia pertusa f. pertusa (Schaer.) J. Stein, Menegazzia pertusa var. pertusa (Schaer.) J. Stein, Parmelia diatrypea (Ach.) Ach., Parmelia pertusa Schaer., Parmelia pertusa f. excelsicola Gyeln., Parmelia pertusa f. pertusa Schaer., Parmelia pertusa f. subimpertusa Nyl., Parmelia pertusa f. ventricosa Hue, Parmelia pertusa var. coskinodes F. Wilson, Parmelia pertusa var. epifusca Gyeln., Parmelia pertusa var. montana F. Wilson, Parmelia pertusa var. nigrilimbata Hillmann, Parmelia pertusa var. pertusa Schaer., Parmelia physodes var. terebrata (Hoffm.) Torss., Parmelia sipeana Gyeln., Physcia diatrypa (Ach.) Gray]
[Endococcus coccisporus Norman, Leptosphaerulina coccispora (Norman) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Polyblastia coccispora (Norman) Arnold]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Amphisphaeria decolorans (Rehm) Brenckle, Phaeospora decolorans Rehm, Tichothecium decolorans Rehm]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Endococcus heterophractus Nyl., Leptosphaerulina heterophracta (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Polyblastia heterophracta (Nyl.) Arnold, Xenosphaeria heterophracta (Nyl.) Arnold]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Laursen (2003)
[Arthonia lopadii (Anzi) Jatta, Celidium lopadii Anzi, Dactylospora lopadii (Anzi) Arnold, Leciographa urceolata var. lopadii Anzi, Leptosphaerulina nigritella (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Merismatium lopadii (Anzi) Zopf, Polyblastia lopadii (Anzi) H. Olivier, Polyblastia nigritella (Nyl.) Arnold, Verrucaria nigritella Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Dillman (2010)
[Tichothecium peregrinum (Flot.) G. Winter]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Harris & Lendemer (2005)
[Pyrenopsis melambola (Tuck.) Tuck., Synalissa melambola Tuck.]
source: Fryday (2006)
source: McCune et al. (2017)
[Bacidia sphaeroides var. alabastrites (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Bilimbia alabastrites (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Bilimbia sphaeroides var. alabastrites (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Lecidea alabastrites Nyl.]
source: Tønsberg & Coppins (2000)
source: McCune et al. (2014b)
[Biatora assimilata (Nyl.) Hazsl., Lecidea assimilata Nyl., Lecidea assimilata f. aberrans Th. Fr., Lecidea assimilata f. assimilata Nyl., Lecidea assimilata var. assimilata Nyl., Lecidea assimilata var. hardangeriana Nyl., Lecidea assimilata var. infuscata Th. Fr., Lecidea assimilata var. irrubata Th. Fr., Lecidella assimilata (Nyl.) Arnold]
[Lecidea apochroeella var. botryoides Nyl., Lecidea botryoides (Nyl.) Nyl.]
source: McCune (1996)
[Biatora byssacea Hampe, Catillaria prasina f. byssacea (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr.]
source: Launis & Myllys (2014)
[Bacidia chlorosticta (Tuck.) A. Schneid., Biatora chlorosticta (Tuck.) anon., Lecidea chlorosticta Tuck.]
[Arthrosporum cinereum (Schaer.) H. Olivier, Bacidia carneoalbens (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Bacidia cinerea (Schaer.) Trevis., Biatora cinerea (Schaer.) Nägeli, Bilimbia cinerea (Schaer.) Körb., Hastifera tenuispora D. Hawksw. & Poelt, Lecidea carneoalbens Nyl., Lecidea cinerea Schaer., Lecidea cinerea var. cinerea Schaer., Micarea cinerea f. tenuispora (D. Hawksw. & Poelt) Fryday, Zeora lightfootii var. cinerea (Schaer.) Flot.]
source: Fryday (2006)
source: Fryday & Coppins (2007)
[Biatora aniptiza (Stirt.) Walt. Watson, Biatora denigrata Fr., Biatorina denigrata (Fr.) Poetsch, Biatorina spodiza (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Biatorina synothea, Biatorina synothea var. semialbula (Stirt.) A.L. Sm., Blastenia herbidella f. denigrata Servít, Catillaria denigrata (Fr.) Vain., Catillaria denigrata f. denigrata (Fr.) Hedl., Catillaria denigrata f. poliococca (Nyl.) Vain., Catillaria denigrata f. pseudoglomerella (Harm.) Grummann, Catillaria denigrata f. pyrenothizans (Nyl.) Vain., Catillaria denigrata var. bacidiella (Vain.) Grummann, Catillaria denigrata var. denigrata (Fr.) Hedl., Catillaria hemipoliella (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell, Catillaria spodiza (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecidea aniptiza Stirt., Lecidea aniptiza f. aniptiza Stirt., Lecidea aniptiza f. intersociella Stirt., Lecidea aniptiza var. aniptiza Stirt., Lecidea aniptiza var. intersociella Stirt., Lecidea denigrata (Fr.) Nyl., Lecidea denigrata f. denigrata (Fr.) Nyl., Lecidea denigrata f. pseudoglomerella Harm., Lecidea denigrata subsp. denigrata (Fr.) Nyl., Lecidea denigrata var. bacidiella Vain., Lecidea denigrata var. denigrata (Fr.) Nyl., Lecidea hemipoliella Nyl., Lecidea hemipoliella var. hemipoliella Nyl., Lecidea hemipoliella var. semialbula Stirt., Lecidea parissima Nyl., Lecidea spodiza Nyl., Micarea hemipoliella (Nyl.) Vězda, Patellaria denigrata (Fr.) Spreng.]
[Biatora elachista Körb., Catillaria elachista (Körb.) Vain., Catillaria elachista f. elachista (Körb.) Vain., Catillaria elachista f. glomerella (Nyl.) Vain., Catillaria elachista f. poliococcoides (Vain.) Vain., Catillaria elachista f. simplicata (Nyl.) Vain., Catillaria elachista var. carbonicola Vain., Catillaria elachista var. elachista (Körb.) Vain., Catillaria elachista var. platyspora Räsänen]
[Bacidia endocyanea (Tuck. ex Willey) Zahlbr., Biatora endocyanea Tuck. ex Willey]
[Bacidia globulosella (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecidea globulosella Nyl.]
[Bacidia incrassata (Hedl.) Zahlbr., Bilimbia incrassata (Hedl.) Zahlbr.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22), source: Fryday (2017)
[Bacidia leprosula (Th. Fr.) Lettau, Bacidia lignaria var. leprosula (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr., Bilimbia leprosula (Th. Fr.) Lettau, Bilimbia lignaria var. leprosula (Th. Fr.) Oxner, Bilimbia milliaria var. leprosula Th. Fr., Micarea violacea var. leprosula (Th. Fr.) Hedl.]
[Bacidia arceutina f. brevispora Wheldon & Travis, Bacidia arceutina var. brevispora (Wheldon & Travis) Wheldon & Travis, Bacidia gomphillacea (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Bacidia lignaria (Ach.) Lettau, Bacidia lignaria f. endoleuca (Leight.) Zahlbr., Bacidia lignaria f. lignaria (Ach.) Lettau, Bacidia lignaria f. nigrata (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Bacidia lignaria var. lignaria (Ach.) Lettau, Bacidia milliaria (Fr.) Sandst., Biatora lignaria var. saxigena Hepp, Biatora milliaria (Fr.) Tuck., Bilimbia gomphillacea (Nyl.) Hellb., Bilimbia lignaria (Ach.) A. Massal., Bilimbia lignaria var. lignaria (Ach.) A. Massal., Bilimbia lignaria var. trisepta (Nägeli) Arnold, Bilimbia milliaria (Fr.) Körb., Bilimbia milliaria var. lignaria (Ach.) Körb., Bilimbia milliaria var. milliaria (Fr.) Körb., Bilimbia milliaria var. saxatilis Mudd, Bilimbia milliaria var. terrestris Körb., Lecidea geomaea Taylor, Lecidea lignaria Ach., Lecidea milliaria Fr., Lecidea milliaria var. endoleuca Leight., Lecidea milliaria var. lignaria (Ach.) Fr., Lecidea milliaria var. milliaria Fr., Lecidea milliaria var. saxigena Leight., Lecidea milliaria var. triseptata Nyl., Micarea gomphillacea (Nyl.) Vězda, Micarea lignaria f. gomphillacea (Nyl.) Hellb., Micarea lignaria var. lignaria (Ach.) Hedl., Patellaria lignaria (Ach.) Spreng., Patellaria milliaria (Fr.) Wallr., Stereocauliscum gomphillaceum Nyl.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Biatora milliaria
[Biatora lithinella (Nyl.) Arnold, Biatorina lithinella (Nyl.) Arnold, Lecidea lithinella Nyl.]
source: Fryday (2006)
[Bacidia ilyophora (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Bacidia melaena (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Bacidia melaena f. melaena (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Bacidia melaena f. turfosa (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr., Biatora globularis (Nyl.) Räsänen, Biatora melaena (Nyl.) Tuck., Bilimbia ilyophora (Stirt.) Wheldon & A. Wilson, Bilimbia melaena (Nyl.) Arnold, Bilimbia melaena f. melaena (Nyl.) Arnold, Bilimbia melaena f. turfosa Th. Fr., Lecidea globularis Ach. ex Nyl., Lecidea globularis f. deviella Vain., Lecidea globularis f. globularis Nyl., Lecidea globularis f. misella (Nyl.) Vain., Lecidea globularis f. olivascens Vain., Lecidea ilyophora Stirt., Lecidea melaena Nyl., Micarea globularis (Ach. ex Nyl.) Hedl., Patellaria melaena (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Weitenwebera melaena (Nyl.) Poetsch]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Biatora melaena
[Biatora micrococca Körb., Biatorina micrococca (Körb.) Arnold, Catillaria micrococca (Körb.) Th. Fr., Lecidea micrococca (Körb.) Cromb., Micarea prasina f. micrococca (Körb.) Hedl.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Biatora micrococca, source: Fryday & Coppins (2007)
[Biatora misella (Nyl.) H.G. Falk, Biatorina misella (Nyl.) M. Choisy, Lecidea anomala var. misella Nyl., Lecidea melanochroza Leight. ex Cromb., Lecidea misella Nyl., Lecidea misella f. brasiliana Vain., Lecidea misella f. deviella (Vain.) Zahlbr., Lecidea misella f. misella (Nyl.) Nyl., Lecidea misella f. olivascens (Vain.) Zahlbr.]
source: Tønsberg (1999a)
source: Coppins & May (2001)
source: McCune (2017)
[Bacidia nitschkeana (J. Lahm ex Rabenh.) Zahlbr., Bacidia nitschkeana var. nitschkeana (J. Lahm ex Rabenh.) Zahlbr., Bacidia spododes (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Bilimbia nitschkeana J. Lahm ex Rabenh., Bilimbia spododes (Nyl.) Arnold, Lecidea nitschkeana (J. Lahm ex Rabenh.) Stizenb., Lecidea spododes Nyl.]
[Micarea subviolascens (H. Magn.) Coppins]
source: Alstrup et al. (1994)
[Bacidia hemipolioides (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Bacidia lignaria var. conglomerata Hepp, Bacidia peliocarpa (Anzi) Lettau, Bacidia trisepta (Nägeli) Zahlbr., Bacidia violacea (P. Crouan & H. Crouan ex Nyl.) Arnold, Biatora trisepta (Nägeli) G. Merr., Bilimbia hemipolioides (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Bilimbia peliocarpa Anzi, Bilimbia subviridescens var. trisepta (Nägeli) A.L. Sm., Bilimbia trisepta (Nägeli) Hellb., Bilimbia violacea (P. Crouan & H. Crouan ex Nyl.) Arnold, Lecidea hemipolioides Nyl., Lecidea peliocarpa (Anzi) Nyl., Lecidea trisepta Nägeli, Lecidea violacea P. Crouan & H. Crouan ex Nyl., Micarea trisepta (Hellb.) Wetmore, Micarea violacea (Nyl.) Hedl., Micarea violacea f. cupreola Hedl., Micarea violacea f. exigua Hedl., Micarea violacea var. violacea (P. Crouan & H. Crouan ex Nyl.) Hedl., Patellaria trisepta (Nägeli) Müll. Arg., Weitenwebera trisepta (Nägeli) Poetsch]
source: Printzen (1995), Coppins (2008)
[Biatora prasina (Fr.) Fr., Biatorina prasina (Fr.) Stein, Biatorina prasiniza (Nyl.) Arnold, Biatorina sordidescens (Nyl.) Arnold, Catillaria micrococca f. glebulosa Erichsen, Catillaria micrococca f. micrococca (Körb.) Th. Fr., Catillaria micrococca var. discrepans Erichsen, Catillaria micrococca var. micrococca (Körb.) Th. Fr., Catillaria prasina (Fr.) Th. Fr., Catillaria prasina f. lactea (Arnold) Th. Fr., Catillaria prasina f. longior Erichsen, Catillaria prasina f. prasina (Fr.) Th. Fr., Catillaria prasina f. prasiniza (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Catillaria prasina var. hypocyanea Vain., Catillaria prasina var. laevior (Vain.) Zahlbr., Catillaria prasina var. occulta Erichsen, Catillaria prasina var. prasina (Fr.) Th. Fr., Catillaria prasina var. sordidescens (Nyl.) Lettau, Catillaria prasiniza (Nyl.) B. de Lesd., Catillaria sordidescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecidea prasina (Fr.) Schaer., Lecidea prasina var. laevior Vain., Lecidea prasina var. prasina (Fr.) Schaer., Lecidea prasiniza Nyl., Lecidea sordidescens Nyl., Micarea prasina var. sordidescens (Nyl.) Brodo]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syns.: Biatora prasina, Lecidea sordidescens
[Biatorina prasinella Jatta, Catillaria prasinella (Jatta) Zahlbr.]
source: Spribille et al. (2010)
source: Coppins & Spribille (2004)
source: McCune (2017)
[Catillaria synotheoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecidea synotheoides Nyl.]
source: Tønsberg & Coppins (2000)
[Bacidia ternaria (Nyl.) Lettau, Bilimbia ternaria (Nyl.) Galløe, Lecidea sabuletorum f. ternaria Nyl., Lecidea suballinita Nyl., Lecidea ternaria (Nyl.) Nyl.]
[Biatora turfosa A. Massal., Biatora turfosa f. turfosa A. Massal., Biatora turfosa subsp. turfosa A. Massal., Lecidea turfosa (A. Massal.) Jatta, Lecidea verrucula (Norman) Th. Fr., Lecidella verrucula (Norman) Stein, Micarea verrucula (Norman) Hedl., Oedemocarpus turfosus (A. Massal.) Trevis.]
[Biatora vulpinaris (Nyl.) Arnold, Lecidea vulpinaris Nyl.]
source: Coppins & Tønsberg (2001)
source: Lendemer et al. (2013)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Caliciella arenaria (Hampe ex A. Massal.) Fink, Calicium arenarium (Hampe ex A. Massal.) Hampe ex Körb., Calicium citrinum (Leight.) Nyl., Chaenotheca arenaria (Hampe ex A. Massal.) Zwackh, Coniocybe citrina Leight., Coniocybopsis arenaria (Hampe ex A. Massal.) Vain., Cyphelium arenarium Hampe ex A. Massal., Cyphelium citrinum (Leight.) Mudd, Phacotium arenarium (Hampe ex A. Massal.) Trevis., Sphinctrina citrina (Leight.) H. Olivier]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens.
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Tibell & Ryan (2004)
[Calicium disseminatum (Ach.) Fr., Calicium disseminatum var. atomarium (Ach.) Keissl., Calicium disseminatum var. disseminatum (Ach.) Fr., Calicium subpedicellatum Schaer., Chaenotheca disseminata (Ach.) Lettau, Chaenotheca disseminata var. atomaria (Ach.) Zahlbr., Chaenotheca disseminata var. disseminata (Ach.) Lettau, Cyphelium disseminatum Ach., Microcalicium disseminatum f. disseminatum (Ach.) Vain., Microcalicium disseminatum var. disseminatum (Ach.) Vain., Microcalicium subpedicellatum (Schaer.) Tibell, Mycocalicium disseminatum (Ach.) Fink, Sphinctrina disseminata (Ach.) Trevis.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Lendemer et al. (2016c)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Lecidea atrofulva Sommerf., Rhizocarpon atrofulvum (Sommerf.) Blomb. & Forssell]
[Lecidea fuscoatra var. deusta Stenh., Miriquidica deusta var. deusta (Stenh.) Hertel & Rambold]
[Lecidea aenea (Dufour) Nyl., Lecidea aenea var. aenea (Dufour) Nyl., Lecidea aenea var. canadensis Lynge, Lecidea aenea var. garovaglii (Schaer.) Jatta, Lecidea aenea var. garovaglioi (Schaer.) Jatta, Lecidea garovaglioi Schaer.]
[Aspicilia inserena (Nyl.) Arnold, Biatora griseoatra (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Biatora tumidior (Nyl.) Räsänen, Lecanora griseoatra (Hoffm.) Ach., Lecanora tenebrosa f. tumidior Nyl., Lecidea contigua var. griseoatra (Hoffm.) Flot., Lecidea griseoatra (Hoffm.) Flot. ex Schaer., Lecidea griseoatra f. griseoatra (Hoffm.) Flot. ex Schaer., Lecidea griseoatra f. lygaeoides (Vain.) Zahlbr., Lecidea griseoatra f. propagulifera (Vain.) Zahlbr., Lecidea griseoatra f. tumidior (Hoffm.) Zahlbr., Lecidea griseoatra var. fellmanii (Vain.) Zahlbr., Lecidea griseoatra var. griseoatra (Hoffm.) Flot. ex Schaer., Lecidea inserena Nyl., Lecidea inserena f. inserena Nyl., Lecidea inserena f. subplumbea (Anzi) Arnold, Lecidea leucophaea var. griseoatra (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Lecidea subplumbea Anzi, Lecidea tumidior (Nyl.) Vain., Lecidella griseoatra (Hoffm.) Körb., Lecidella inserena (Nyl.) Arnold, Lecidella subplumbea (Anzi) Arnold, Miriquidica leucophaea var. griseoatra (Hoffm.) V. Wirth, Miriquidica subplumbea (Anzi) Cl. Roux, Patellaria griseoatra (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Verrucaria griseoatra Hoffm., Verrucaria griseoatra f. griseoatra Hoffm., Verrucaria griseoatra f. robusta Servít, Verrucaria griseoatra var. griseoatra Hoffm., Verrucaria griseoatra var. pallescens Servít]
[Lecidea instrata Nyl.]
[Lecanora intrudens H. Magn.]
[Biatora leucophaea Flörke ex Rabenh., Biatora leucophaea var. leucophaea Flörke ex Rabenh., Biatora leucophaea var. propagulifera (Vain.) Räsänen, Biatora leucophaea var. sorediosa (Vain.) Räsänen, Lecanora discolorella (Nyl.) Leight., Lecanora leucophaea (Flörke ex Rabenh.) Nyl., Lecanora leucophaea var. conglobata, Lecanora leucophaea var. leucophaea (Flörke ex Rabenh.) Nyl., Lecanora leucophaeiza Nyl., Lecidea aggregatula Nyl., Lecidea confertula Stirt., Lecidea dicolorella Nyl., Lecidea discolorella Nyl., Lecidea griseoatra var. leucophaea (Flörke ex Rabenh.) V. Wirth, Lecidea leucophaea (Flörke ex Rabenh.) Nyl., Lecidea leucophaea f. leucophaea (Flörke ex Rabenh.) Th. Fr., Lecidea leucophaea f. propagulifera Vain., Lecidea leucophaea f. sorediosa Vain., Lecidea leucophaea var. consanguinea (Anzi) Vain., Lecidea leucophaea var. dispersa Vain., Lecidea leucophaea var. leucophaea (Flörke ex Rabenh.) Th. Fr., Lecidea leucophaea var. obscurescens Vain. ex Lynge, Lecidea leucophaea var. perrugosa Vain., Lecidea leucophaea var. rugosa Vain., Lecidea leucophaea var. sanguineella Vain., Lecidea leucophaeiza (Nyl.) Nyl., Lecidea marylandensis H. Magn., Lecidea mesotropa Nyl., Lecidea mesotropoides Nyl., Lecidea sporeta Stirt., Miriquidica leucophaea var. leucophaea (Flörke ex Rabenh.) Hertel & Rambold, Psora confertula (Stirt.) Stirt.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Biatora leucophaea
[Lecidea leucophaeoides Nyl.]
source: Hertel & Andreev (2003)
[Biatora leucophaeoides (Nyl.) Arnold, Biatora lulensis (Hellb.) Th. Fr., Biatora lulensis f. cinerella (Vain.) Räsänen, Biatora lulensis f. leucophaeoides (Nyl.) Räsänen, Biatora lulensis f. leueophaeoides (Nyl.) Räsänen, Biatora lulensis f. lulensis (Hellb.) Th. Fr., Lecidea circumnigrata var. reagens H. Magn., Lecidea lulensis Hellb., Lecidea lulensis f. cinerella Vain., Lecidea lulensis f. leucophaeoides (Nyl.) Vain., Lecidea lulensis f. lulensis Hellb., Lecidea lulensis f. transsylvanica (Nyl.) Vain.]
[Acarospora nigroleprosa H. Olivier, Lecanora nigroleprosa Vain., Lecidea liljenstroemii Du Rietz, Lecidea lindstroemii Lynge, Lecidea nigroleprosa (Vain.) H. Magn., Miriquidica liljenstroemii (Du Rietz) R. Sant., Miriquidica nigroleprosa var. liljenstroemii (Du Rietz) Owe-Larss. & Rambold, Miriquidica nigroleprosa var. nigroleprosa (Vain.) Hertel & Rambold]
source: Spribille et al. (2010)
[Lecidea furva Lowe, Lecidea fuscoferruginea Vain., Lecidea humilis Lowe, Lecidea plumbeoatra Vain.]
[Lecidea circumnigrata H. Magn.]
[Lecidea marciensis Lowe, Lecidea pycnocarpa (Körb.) Ohlert, Lecidea pycnocarpa f. pycnocarpa (Körb.) Ohlert, Lecidea pycnocarpa f. sorediata Coppins & Fryday]
source: Coppins & Fryday (2006b)
[Biatora scotopholis Tuck., Lecanora scotopholis (Tuck.) Timdal, Lecidea scotopholis (Tuck.) Herre, Miriquidica mexicana Rambold, Sipman & Hertel, Psora scotopholis (Tuck.) Fink, Psorula scotopholis (Tuck.) G. Schneider]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Biatora scotopholis, source: Nash et al. (2004a)
[Aspicilia inserena (Nyl.) Arnold, Biatora griseoatra (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Biatora tumidior (Nyl.) Räsänen, Lecanora griseoatra (Hoffm.) Ach., Lecanora tenebrosa f. tumidior Nyl., Lecidea contigua var. griseoatra (Hoffm.) Flot., Lecidea griseoatra (Hoffm.) Flot. ex Schaer., Lecidea griseoatra f. griseoatra (Hoffm.) Flot. ex Schaer., Lecidea griseoatra f. lygaeoides (Vain.) Zahlbr., Lecidea griseoatra f. propagulifera (Vain.) Zahlbr., Lecidea griseoatra f. tumidior (Hoffm.) Zahlbr., Lecidea griseoatra var. fellmanii (Vain.) Zahlbr., Lecidea griseoatra var. griseoatra (Hoffm.) Flot. ex Schaer., Lecidea inserena Nyl., Lecidea inserena f. inserena Nyl., Lecidea inserena f. subplumbea (Anzi) Arnold, Lecidea leucophaea var. griseoatra (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Lecidea subplumbea Anzi, Lecidea tumidior (Nyl.) Vain., Lecidella griseoatra (Hoffm.) Körb., Lecidella inserena (Nyl.) Arnold, Lecidella subplumbea (Anzi) Arnold, Miriquidica griseoatra (Flotow) Hertel & Rambold, Miriquidica leucophaea var. griseoatra (Hoffm.) V. Wirth, Patellaria griseoatra (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Verrucaria griseoatra Hoffm., Verrucaria griseoatra f. griseoatra Hoffm., Verrucaria griseoatra f. robusta Servít, Verrucaria griseoatra var. griseoatra Hoffm., Verrucaria griseoatra var. pallescens Servít]
source: McCune (2017), McMullin et al. (2017)
[Lecanora verrucariicola B.D. Ryan, Protoparmelia ryaniana van den Boom, Sipman & Elix]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: Knudsen et al. (2015)
[Dimelaena angelica (Stizenb.) Hale & W.L. Culb., Rinodina angelica Stizenb., Rinodina bolodes Tuck. ex Fink, Rinodina dirinoides Zahlbr.]
[Rinodina calculiformis W.A. Weber, Rinodina platyloba Willey]
[Lecanora nebulosa (Hoffm.) Röhl., Pannaria nebulosa (Hoffm.) Nyl., Pannaria nebulosa var. nebulosa (Hoffm.) Nyl., Pannaria nebulosa var. pulverulenta (C. Knight) Zahlbr., Patellaria nebulosa Hoffm., Trachyderma nebulosum (Hoffm.) Trevis.]
[Fuscopannaria frullaniae (Maass) E. Tripp & Lendemer]
source: Jørgensen (2000a), Maass (1986)
source: Jørgensen (2002)
source: Harris (1995a)
source: Harris (1995a)
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Harris & Morse (2008)
source: Harris & Morse (2008)
[Lepraria nigra Turner & Borrer ex Sm.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), significant change since the previous checklist version (#22), source: Seaward et al. (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2009b)
[Melanelia disjuncta (Erichsen) Essl., Melanelia granulosa (Lynge) Essl., Parmelia disjuncta Erichsen, Parmelia granulosa Lynge, Parmelia granulosa var. granulosa (Hoffm.) Mart., Parmelia granulosa var. yoldiae Räsänen, Parmelia prolixa subsp. sorediata]
source: Leavitt et al. (2016)
[Imbricaria pannariiformis (Nyl.) Arnold, Melanelia panniformis (Nyl.) Essl., Melanelia panniformis f. panniformis (Nyl.) Essl., Melanelia panniformis f. pruinosa (Räsänen) S.Y. Kondr., Melanelia panniformis f. pulvinata (Laurer) S.Y. Kondr., Parmelia olivacea f. panniformis (Nyl.) Th. Fr., Parmelia olivacea var. panniformis Nyl., Parmelia panniformis (Nyl.) Vain., Parmelia panniformis f. panniformis (Nyl.) Vain., Parmelia panniformis f. pruinosa Räsänen, Parmelia panniformis f. sorediifera H. Magn., Parmelia panniformis var. panniformis (Nyl.) Vain., Parmelia panniformis var. pulvinata Hillmann, Parmelia prolixa f. panniformis Nyl.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Parmelia olivacea f. panniformis
source: Leavitt et al. (2016)
source: Leavitt et al. (2016)
[Melanelia sorediata (Ach.) Goward & Ahti, Parmelia sorediata (Ach.) Th. Fr., Parmelia sorediata f. arenisaxicola (Gyeln.) Gyeln., Parmelia sorediata f. cultoides Gyeln. ex Servít & Klem., Parmelia sorediata f. lignicola Kosk.{?}, Parmelia sorediata f. sorediata (Ach.) Röhl., Parmelia sorediata var. coralloidea Lynge, Parmelia sorediata var. pulvinata Laurer, Parmelia sorediata var. sorediata (Ach.) Röhl., Parmelia sorediosa Almb.]
[Endococcus erraticus Nyl., Microthelia ecatonospora var. athallina Müll.Arg., Muellerella pygmaea var. athallina (Müll.Arg.) Triebel, Mycoporum erraticum (A. Massal.) Jatta, Sychnogonia erratica (A. Massal.) Trevis., Tichothecium erraticum A. Massal., Tichothecium erraticum subsp. erraticum A. Massal., Tichothecium pygmaeum var. erraticum (A. Massal.) Vouaux, Verrucaria erratica (A. Massal.) Leight.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2009b)
[Muellerella polyspora var. hospitans (Stizenb.) Keissl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Spribille et al. (2010)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Arthopyrenia cookei (Linds.) Arnold, Endococcus atricola (Linds.) H. Olivier, Microthelia atricola Linds., Microthelia cookei Linds., Muellerella atricola (Linds.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Muellerella atricola var. atricola (Linds.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Mycosphaerella cookei (Lind) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Tichothecium erraticum subsp. microphorum (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Tichothecium lichenicola (Sommerf.) R. Sant., Verrucaria microphora Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Endococcus haplotellus Nyl., Muellerella haplotella (Nyl.) Arnold, Muellerella opegraphicola Zopf, Tichothecium haplotellum (Nyl.) Arnold, Verrucaria haplotella (Nyl.) Leight., Verrucaria polyspora (Hepp ex Müll. Arg.) Stizenb.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), significant change since the previous checklist version (#22), source: Seaward et al. (2017)
[Endococcus pygmaeus (Körb.) Th. Fr., Endococcus pygmaeus var. microcarpus (Arnold) Vain., Endococcus pygmaeus var. pygmaeus (Körb.) Th. Fr., Microthelia ecatonospora Anzi, Microthelia ecatonospora var. ecatonospora Anzi, Microthelia pygmaea (Körb.) Körb., Mycoporum pygmaeum (Körb.) Jatta, Mycoporum pygmaeum var. pygmaeum (Körb.) Jatta, Mycoporum pygmaeum var. ventosicolum (Mudd) Jatta, Pyrenula pygmaea (Körb.) Tuck., Sychnogonia pygmaea (Körb.) Trevis., Tichothecium pygmaeum Körb., Tichothecium pygmaeum f. ecatonsporum (Anzi) Arnold, Tichothecium pygmaeum var. ecatonosporum Anzi & G. Winter, Tichothecium pygmaeum var. fuscoatrae (J. Steiner) Vouaux, Tichothecium pygmaeum var. grandiuscula Arnold, Tichothecium pygmaeum var. incoloratum Werner, Tichothecium pygmaeum var. microcarpa Anzi, Tichothecium pygmaeum var. pygmaeum Körb.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Microthelia ventosicola Mudd, Mycoporum pygmaeum var. ventosicola (Mudd) Jatta, Pyrenula ventosicola (Mudd) Willey, Tichothecium pygmaeum var. ventosicola (Mudd) G. Winter, Verrucaria ventosicola (Mudd) Leight.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Clavaria corynoides Peck]
[Clavaria mucida Pers., Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner]
[Biatora berengeriana A. Massal., Biatora berengeriana var. berengeriana A. Massal., Biatora berengeriana var. lecanodes (Nyl.) Walt. Watson, Biatora cupreiformis (Nyl.) Arnold, Lecidea berengeriana (A. Massal.) Nyl., Lecidea berengeriana var. berengeriana (A. Massal.) Nyl., Lecidea berengeriana var. lecanodes (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Lecidea berengeriana var. perileuciza Nyl. ex Cromb., Lecidea cuprea subsp. berengeriana (A. Massal.) Cromb., Lecidea cuprea var. cupreiformis Nyl., Lecidea cupreiformis (Nyl.) Nyl., Lecidea cupreiformis var. cupreiformis (Nyl.) Nyl., Lecidea cupreiformis var. lecanodes Nyl.]
Esslinger lists synonym as Lecidea berengeriana, Index Fungorum shows L. berengeriana as current name
[Bacidia carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) Coppins, Bacidia carneopallida (Müll. Arg.) Coppins, Bacidia sphaeroides f. minima (Vain.) Zahlbr., Bacidia sphaeroides f. sphaeroides (Dicks.) Zahlbr., Bacidia sphaeroides f. subsphaeroides (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Bacidia sphaeroides var. sphaeroides (Dicks.) Zahlbr., Biatora carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) Coppins, Mycobilimbia sphaeroides (Dickson), Patellaria carneoalbida Müll.Arg.]
source: Ekman (2004c)
[Bacidia epixanthoides (Nyl.) Lettau, Biatora epixanthoides (Nyl.) Diederich, Bilimbia epixanthoides (Nyl.) Arnold, Lecidea epixanthoides Nyl.]
source: Ekman (2004c)
[Lecidea fissuriseda Poelt]
[Bacidia sphaeroides (Dickson) Zahlbr., Biatora pilularis (Hepp ex Körb.) Hepp, Biatora sphaeroides (Dicks.) Körb., Biatorina pilularis Hepp ex Körb., Biatorina sphaeroides A. Massal., Bilimbia sphaeroides (Dicks.) Körb., Bilimbia sphaeroides f. carneopallida (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Bilimbia sphaeroides f. sphaeroides (Dicks.) Körb., Bilimbia sphaeroides var. pusilla Räsänen, Bilimbia sphaeroides var. sphaeroides (Dicks.) De Not., Catillaria sphaeroides (A. Massal.) Schuler, Catillaria sphaeroides f. sphaeroides (Dicks.) Schuler, Lecidea confluens var. pilularis Ach., Lecidea pilularis (Ach.) Fr., Lecidea sphaeroides (Dicks.) Röhl., Lecidea sphaeroides f. sphaeroides (Dicks.) Röhl., Lecidea sphaeroides f. vacillans Nyl., Lecidea sphaeroides var. obscuratum Sommerf., Lecidea sphaeroides var. sphaeroides (Dicks.) Röhl., Lecidella pilularis (Ach.) Stein, Lichen sphaeroides Dicks., Patellaria sphaeroides (Dicks.) Müll. Arg., Sporoblastia sphaeroides (A. Massal.) Trevis., Weitenwebera sphaeroides (Dicks.) Trevis.]
source: Hafellner & Türk (2001)
[Bacidia fusca (A. Massal.) Du Rietz, Bacidia fusca f. fusca (A. Massal.) Du Rietz, Bacidia obscurata (Sommerf.) Zahlbr., Bacidia obscurata f. fusca (A. Massal.) Zahlbr., Bacidia obscurata f. obscurata (Sommerf.) Zahlbr., Bacidia tetramera (De Not.) Coppins, Lecidea spheroides var. obscurata Sommerf., Mycobilimbia fusca (A. Massal.) Hafellner & V. Wirth, Mycobilimbia obscurata (Sommerf.) Rehm]
source: Hafellner & Türk (2001)
[Lecidea affinis Schaer., Lecidea melina Kremp. ex Nyl., Lecidea sanguinaria var. affinis (Schaer.) Nyl., Megalospora affinis (Schaer.) A. Massal., Megalospora melina (Kremp. ex Nyl.) H. Olivier, Mycoblastus alpinus f. affinis (Schaer.) Räsänen, Mycoblastus alpinus var. affinis (Schaer.) Räsänen, Mycoblastus melinus (Kremp. ex Nyl.) Hellb., Mycoblastus sanguinarius var. affinis (Schaer.) Nyl., Oedemocarpus affinis (Schaer.) Trevis.]
[Lecidea sanguinaria var. alpina Fr., Mycoblastus affinis f. friesii (J. Nowak) J. Nowak, Mycoblastus sanguinarius var. alpinus (Fr.) Stein]
[Haematomma caesium Coppins & P. James]
source: Kantvilas (2009)
source: Spribille et al. (2011b)
[Megalospora sanguinaria (L.) A. Massal., Oedemocarpus sanguinarius (L.) Trevis.]
[Calicium albonigrum Nyl.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Calicium americanum R. Sant., Mycocalicium americanum (R. Sant.) Tibell]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Sphinctrinella calicioides Nádv.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Calicium fuscipes Tuck.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Calicium ravenelii Tuck.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Calicium parietinum Ach., Calicium parietinum var. cinerascens Nyl., Calicium parietinum var. parietinum Ach., Calicium subtile Pers., Calicium subtile f. minutella (Ach.) Keissl., Calicium subtile f. subtile Pers., Calicium subtile var. biloculare F. Wilson, Calicium subtile var. capillare F. Wilson, Calicium subtile var. cinerascens (Nyl.) Keissl., Calicium subtile var. minutellum (Ach.) Zahlbr., Calicium subtile var. subtile Pers., Chaenotheca parietina (Ach.) Cout., Cyphelium parietinum (Ach.) Bagl., Mycocalicium parietinum (Ach.) Vain.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Calicium victoriae C. Knight ex F. Wilson]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Nash et al. (1998), Tibell (2007)
[Polyblastia acuminans (Nyl.) Hulting, Polyblastiopsis acuminans (Nyl.) Lettau, Polyblastiopsis subcoerulescens f. acuminans (Nyl.) Keissl., Verrucaria acuminans Nyl.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Polyblastiopsis meridionalis Zahlbr.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Arthopyrenia aeruginella (Nyl.) Arnold, Arthopyrenia myricae (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Leptorhaphis aeruginella (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell, Metasphaeria aeruginella (Nyl.) Vain., Mycarthopyrenia aeruginella (Nyl.) Keissl., Sagedia aeruginella (Nyl.) Jatta, Sagedia myricae (Nyl.) Norman, Segestria myricae (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell, Verrucaria aeruginella (Nyl.) Nyl., Verrucaria epidermidis var. aeruginella Nyl., Verrucaria myricae Nyl.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Julella subcoerulescens (Nyl.) Hafellner & Türk, Polyblastia subcoerulescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Polyblastiopsis subcoerulescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Polyblastiopsis subcoerulescens f. subcoerulescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Verrucaria subcoerulescens Nyl.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Arthopyrenia apposita (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Bogoriella apposita (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking, Microthelia apposita (Nyl.) Boistel, Verrucaria apposita Nyl.]
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
[Bogoriella captiosa (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking, Microthelia captiosa (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Pseudobogoriella captiosa (Kremp.) Lücking, R. Miranda & Aptroot, Verrucaria captiosa Kremp.]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens.
[Anthracothecium decipiens Müll.Arg., Bogoriella decipiens (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking, Bogoriella subpersicina Zahlbr.]
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Bogoriella hemisphaerica (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking, Microthelia hemisphaerica Müll.Arg., Pseudobogoriella hemisphaerica (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, R. Miranda & Aptroot]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens.
[Amphisphaeria inaequalis Fabre, Astrosphaeriella inaequalis (Fabre) Scheinpflug, Microthelia inaequalis (Fabre) E. Müll.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Bogoriella subfallens (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking, Microthelia subfallens Müll.Arg., Pseudobogoriella subfallens (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, R. Miranda & Aptroot, Verrucaria subfallens Nyl. nom. inval.]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens.
[Didymosphaeria wallrothii (Hepp) Rehm, Microthelia betulina J. Lahm, Microthelia oblongula, Microthelia wallrothii (Hepp) Grummann, Pyrenula wallrothii Hepp]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens.
[Dermatina difformis (Minks) Zahlbr.]
Should be transferred into Tomasellia.
source: Harris (1995a)
[Arthopyrenia analeptoides (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Arthopyrenia antecellens (Nyl.) Arnold, Arthopyrenia epidermidis var. cinerea, Didymella antecellens (Nyl.) Vain., Leiophloea stigmatella Gray, Leptorhaphis antecellens (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell, Verrucaria analeptoides Nyl., Verrucaria antecellens Nyl.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Arthonia biseptata Degel.]
source: Lendemer & Harris (2014c), Lendemer & Harris (2015a)
source: Harris (1995a)
[Mycoporellum californicum Zahlbr., Tomasellia californica (Zahlbr.) R.C. Harris]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Arthothelium lichenale (Peck) M.E. Barr, Bottaria composita A. Massal., Dermatina pyrenocarpa (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Mycoporum pycnocarpum Nyl., Mycoporum pycnocarpum var. ohiense Nyl., Mycoporum pycnocarpum var. pycnocarpum Nyl., Pyrenastrum compositum Hepp]
[Mycoporellum eschweileri Müll.Arg., Tomasellia eschweileri (Müll. Arg.) R.C. Harris]
source: Harris (1995a)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Aptroot (2002c)
[Arthopyrenia epidermidis var. lactea (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Mycoporellum hassei Zahlbr., Mycoporellum lacteum (Ach.) Zahlbr., Mycoporellum sparsellum (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Mycoporum sparsellum Nyl., Porina bonplandii Müll.Arg., Tomasellia lactea (Ach.) R.C. Harris, Tomasellia sparsella (Nyl.) R.C. Harris, Verrucaria cinerea var. lactea (Ach.) Duby, Verrucaria lactea (Ach.) Eschw., Verrucaria stigmatella var. lactea Ach.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Arthopyrenia mycoporoides Müll.Arg.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Dermatina pycnocarpoides (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.]
[Arthopyrenia epidermidis var. lactea (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Mycoporellum hassei Zahlbr., Mycoporellum lacteum (Ach.) Zahlbr., Mycoporellum sparsellum (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Mycoporum lacteum (Ach.) R.C. Harris, Porina bonplandii Müll.Arg., Tomasellia lactea (Ach.) R.C. Harris, Tomasellia sparsella (Nyl.) R.C. Harris, Verrucaria cinerea var. lactea (Ach.) Duby, Verrucaria lactea (Ach.) Eschw., Verrucaria stigmatella var. lactea Ach.]
source: Harris (1995a)
source: Harris (1995a)
[Hypotrachyna aurulenta (Tuck.) Krog & Swinscow, Parmelia aurulenta Tuck., Parmelia aurulenta var. aurulenta Tuck., Parmelia aurulenta var. silvestris (Degel.) Degel., Parmelia silvestris Degel., Parmelina aurulenta (Tuck.) Hale]
[Parmelia galbina Ach. (Hale), Parmelia subquercifolia Hue, Parmelia sulphurosa (Tuck.) Fink, Parmelina galbina (Ach.) Hale]
[Parmelia metarevoluta Asahina, Parmelina metarevoluta (Asahina) Hale]
[Parmelia finkii Zahlbr., Parmelia obsessa Mont., Parmelina obsessa (Ach.) Hale]
source: Printzen et al. (2008)
source: Printzen et al. (2008)
[Biatora porphyrospoda Anzi, Lecidea porphyrospoda (Anzi) Th. Fr.]
source: Printzen et al. (2008)
[Biatora rufofusca Anzi, Lecidea rufofusca (Anzi) Nyl.]
source: Printzen et al. (2008)
[Lecanora agardhanioides A. Massal., Lecanora agardhanioides var. agardhanioides A. Massal., Lecanora agardhanioides var. cilophthalma A. Massal., Lecanora agardhiana Ach., Lecanora agardhiana f. agardhiana Ach., Lecanora agardhiana f. viridis Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Lecanora agardhiana subsp. agardhiana Ach., Lecanora agardhiana var. agardhiana Ach., Lecanora agardhiana var. lecidella (Poelt) Leuckert & Poelt, Lecanora agardhianoides A. Massal., Parmelia agardhiana (Ach.) Schaer.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora albescens (Hoffm.) Branth & Rostrup, Lecanora albescens f. albescens (Hoffm.) Branth & Rostr., Lecanora albescens f. verrucosa (Leight.) Zahlbr., Lecanora albescens var. albescens (Hoffm.) Branth & Rostr., Lecanora dispersa f. albescens (Hoffm.) J.R. Laundon, Lecanora dispersa f. verrucosa (Leight.) J.R. Laundon, Lecanora galactina (Ach.) Ach., Lecanora galactina f. galactina (Ach.) Ach., Lecanora galactina f. ligniaria Nyl., Lecanora galactina f. nigra B. de Lesd., Lecanora galactina f. retinens Nyl., Lecanora galactina f. verrucosa Leight., Lecanora galactina subsp. galactina (Ach.) Ach., Lecanora galactina var. galactina (Ach.) Ach., Lecanora urbana Nyl., Lichen galactinus (Ach.) Lam., Parmelia albescens (Hoffm.) Wallr., Parmelia galactina Ach., Patellaria albescens (Hoffm.) Trevis., Placodium albescens (Hoffm.) DC., Placodium albescens var. albescens (Hoffm.) DC., Placodium albescens var. macrior Norman, Placodium galactinum (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Psora albescens Hoffm., Psoroma albescens (Hoffm.) Rabenh., Psoroma galactinum (Ach.) Flagey, Squamaria albescens (Hoffm.) Anzi, Squamaria galactina (Ach.) Nyl.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora andrewii B. de Lesd.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora carlottiana Lewis & Sliwa]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora contractula Nyl.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora crenulata (Ach.) Hook., Lecanora crenulata f. crenulata (Ach.) Hook., Lecanora crenulata var. crenulata (Ach.) Hook., Lecanora exomila Stirt., Lecanora hagenii var. crenulata Ach., Patellaria crenulata (Hook.) Wallr., Polyozosia crenulata (Ach.) S.Y. Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Courtoisia dispersa (Pers.) March., Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf., Lecanora dispersa f. dispersa (Pers.) Röhl., Lecanora dispersa subsp. dispersa (Pers.) Röhl., Lecanora dispersa var. dispersa (Pers.) Röhl., Lecanora galactina subsp. dispersa (Pers.) Nyl. ex Cromb., Lecanora galactina subsp. dissipata Nyl., Lecanora galactina var. dispersa (Pers.) Ach., Lecanora subluta var. perspersa Nyl., Lichen dispersus Pers., Parmelia dispersa (Pers.) Ach., Patellaria dispersa (Pers.) DC., Placodium dispersum (Pers.) Gray, Verrucaria dispersa (Pers.) Hoffm.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora flowersiana H. Magn.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora fugiens Nyl.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Berengeria hagenii (Ach.) Trevis., Lecanora hagenii (Ach.) Ach., Lecanora hagenii f. hagenii (Ach.) Ach., Lecanora hagenii subsp. hagenii (Ach.) Ach., Lecanora hagenii var. fallax Hepp, Lecanora hagenii var. hagenii (Ach.) Ach.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora invadens H. Magn.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora juniperina Sliwa]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora percrenata H. Magn.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora perpruinosa Fröberg]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora hagenii subsp. persimilis Th. Fr., Lecanora persimilis (Th. Fr.) Nyl.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora salina H. Magn.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora sambuci (Pers.) Nyl., Lecanora sambuci subsp. sambuci (Pers.) Nyl., Lecanora sambuci var. sambuci (Pers.) Nyl., Lichen sambuci Pers., Myriochapsa M. Cáceres, Lücking & Lumbsch]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora schofieldii Brodo]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora flotoviana Sprengel, Lecanora semipallida H. Magn.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora straminea Ach., Lichen stramineus (Ach.) Wahlenb., Placodium stramineum (Ach.) Th. Fr., Placolecanora straminea (Ach.) Räsänen, Squamaria straminea (Ach.) Nyl.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora torrida Vain.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora wetmorei Sliwa]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Lecanora hagenii f. zosterae (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Lecanora hagenii var. zosterae (Ach.) Zahlbr., Lecanora subfusca var. zosterae Ach., Lecanora umbrina f. zosterae (Ach.) Leight., Lecanora umbrina subsp. zosterae (Ach.) Cromb., Lecanora zosterae (Ach.) Nyl., Lecanora zosterae var zosterae, Lecanora zosterae var. zosterae (Ach.) Nyl.]
source: Zhao et al. (2016)
[Biatora albidula Willey, Biatorella albidula (Willey) Zahlbr., Scoliciosporum albidulum (Willey) Etayo]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Biatora albidula
[Acarospora hassei Herre, Acarospora particularis H. Magn., Silobia hassei (Herre) K. Knudsen, Trimmatothelopsis hassei (Herre) Cl. Roux & Nav.-Ros.]
source: Arcadia & Knudsen (2012)
[Acarospora amphibola Wedd., Acarospora rhagadiza (Nyl.) Hue, Acarospora scyphulifera Vain., Acarospora scyphulifera f. impressa Vain., Acarospora scyphulifera f. pallescens Vain., Acarospora scyphulifera f. subdiscreta Vain., Acarospora scyphulifera var. scyphulifera Vain., Acarospora smaragdula var. rhagadiza (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Lecanora rhagadiza Nyl., Silobia rhagadiza (Nyl.) M. Westb.]
source: Arcadia & Knudsen (2012)
[Acarospora scabrida Hedl. ex H. Magn., Acarospora scabrida var. novae-zemliae (H. Magn.) N.S. Golubk., Acarospora scabrida var. scabrida Hedl. ex H. Magn., Acarospora scyphulifera var. verruciformis (H. Magn.) N.S. Golubk., Acarospora smaragdula var. verruciformis (H. Magn.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Acarospora verruciformis H. Magn., Silobia scabrida (H. Magn.) M. Westb., Trimmatothelopsis scabrida (Hedl. ex H. Magn.) Cl. Roux & Nav.-Ros.]
source: Arcadia & Knudsen (2012)
[Acarospora albertii Samp., Acarospora cervina var. smaragdula (Wahlenb.) Mudd, Acarospora lesdainii Harm., Acarospora murina Sandst., Acarospora murina var. murina Sandst., Acarospora smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal., Acarospora smaragdula f. smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal., Acarospora smaragdula subsp. lesdainii (Harm.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Acarospora smaragdula subsp. smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal., Acarospora smaragdula var. fusca (B. de Lesd.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Acarospora smaragdula var. lesdainii (Harm. ex A.L. Smith) H. Magn., Acarospora smaragdula var. murina (Sandst.) H. Magn., Acarospora smaragdula var. scyphulifera (Vain.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Acarospora smaragdula var. smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal., Acarospora undata Clauzade, Cl. Roux & V. Wirth, Endocarpon smaragdulum Wahlenb., Lecanora smaragdula (Wahlenb.) Nyl., Lichen smaragdulus (Wahlenb.) Sm., Placodium smaragdulum (Wahlenb.) Müll. Arg., Silobia smaragdula (Wahlenb.) M. Westb. & Wedin, Trimmatothelopsis smaragdula (Wahlenb.) Cl. Roux & Nav.-Ros.]
source: Arcadia & Knudsen (2012)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Lücking et al. (2016)
[Ocellularia glaucula (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Thelotrema glauculum Nyl.]
[Ocellularia micropora (Mont.) Müll.Arg., Thelotrema microporum Mont.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Thelotrema microporum
[Thelotrema rugiferum Harm.]
[Leptorhaphis leptogiophila Minks ex G. Winter, Leptosphaeria leptogiophila (Minks ex G. Winter) G. Winter, Metasphaeria leptogiophila (Minks ex G. Winter) Berl. & Voglino]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Hoffmann & Hafellner (2000)
[Myxotrichum poluninii Apinis]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Acolium hawaiense Tuck., Acolium hawaiiense Tuck., Nadvornikia diplotylia (Nyl.) G. Pant & D.D. Awasthi, Stephanophoron hawaiense (Tuck.) Nádv., Tylophoron diplotylium Nyl., Tylophoron hawaiiense (Tuck.) H. Magn.]
[Leucodecton peninsulae (R.C. Harris) Rivas Plata & Lücking, Myriotrema peninsulae R.C. Harris]
source: Lücking et al. (2016)
[Arthopyrenia atomarioides Müll.Arg., Arthopyrenia floridana Zahlbr., Arthopyrenia subpunctiformis Müll.Arg.]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: Harris (1995a)
[Arthonia atractospora Zahlbr., Arthopyrenia atractospora Zahlbr.]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: Harris (1995a)
[Arthopyrenia sanfordensis var. cedrina Zahlbr.]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: Harris (1995a)
[Arthopyrenia fraxini A. Massal.]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: Harris (1995a)
source: Lendemer et al. (2010)
[Arthopyrenia megalospora Lönnr.]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: Harris (1995a)
[Arthonia cembrina Anzi, Arthopyrenia atomaria Müll.Arg., Arthopyrenia cembrina (Anzi) Grummann, Arthopyrenia epidermidis A. Massal., Arthopyrenia epidermidis f. epidermidis A. Massal., Arthopyrenia epidermidis f. maculans Nyl., Arthopyrenia epidermidis var. atomaria, Arthopyrenia epidermidis var. epidermidis A. Massal., Arthopyrenia laburni Leight. ex Arnold, Arthopyrenia padi Rabenh., Arthopyrenia punctiformis (Pers.) A. Massal., Arthopyrenia punctiformis f. punctiformis A. Massal., Arthopyrenia punctiformis var. punctiformis A. Massal., Arthopyrenia pyrenastrella (Nyl.) Norman, Arthopyrenia pyrenastrella var. maculans (Nyl.) Keissl., Arthopyrenia pyrenastrella var. pyrenastrella (Nyl.) Norman, Didymella punctiformis (A. Massal.) Vain., Didymella punctiformis f. acerina (Hepp) Vain., Didymella punctiformis f. deminutula (Nyl.) Szatala, Didymella punctiformis f. punctiformis (Massee) Vain., Didymella punctiformis f. subnigricans (Arnold) Szatala, Didymella punctiformis var. contraria Erichsen, Didymella punctiformis var. punctiformis (Massee) Vain., Didymella pyrenastrella (Nyl.) Vain., Didymella pyrenastrella var. maculans (Nyl.) Vain., Didymella pyrenastrella var. punctuosa (Vain.) Vain., Didymella pyrenastrella var. pyrenastrella (Nyl.) Vain., Jattaeolichen pyrenastrellum (Nyl.) Tomas. & Cif., Lecideopsis cembrina (Anzi) Rehm, Leiophloea punctiformis (Schrank) Gray, Leptorhaphis pyrenastrella (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell, Lichen punctiformis Schrank, Mycarthopyrenia pyrenastrella (Nyl.) Keissl., Pyrenula epidermidis (A. Massal.) Trevis., Pyrenula punctiformis (Schrank) Trevis., Pyrenula punctiformis f. acerina Hepp, Pyrenula punctiformis f. pinicola Hepp, Pyrenula punctiformis f. punctiformis (Schrank) Trevis., Pyrenula punctiformis var. punctiformis (Schrank) Trevis., Pyrenula punctiformis var. vera Nägeli ex Hepp, Spermatodium epidermidis (A. Massal.) Trevis., Verrucaria epidermidis subsp. pyrenastrella (Nyl.) Cromb., Verrucaria epidermidis var. pyrenastrella Nyl., Verrucaria laburni (Leight. ex Arnold) Leight., Verrucaria punctiformis Pers., Verrucaria punctiformis var. deminutula Nyl., Verrucaria punctiformis var. punctiformis (Schrank) Pers., Verrucaria punctiformis var. straminea Eschw., Verrucaria pyrenastrella (Nyl.) Nyl.]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: Harris (1995a)
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: Harris (1995a)
[Arthopyrenia saxicola A. Massal., Arthopyrenia saxicola f. saxicola A. Massal., Arthopyrenia saxicola f. subnigricans Arnold, Leiophloea saxicola (A. Massal.) Riedl, Pyrenocollema saxicola (A. Massal.) R.C. Harris, Sagedia saxicola (A. Massal.) Kremp., Spermatodium saxicola (A. Massal.) Trevis., Verrucaria saxicola (A. Massal.) Cromb.]
source: Lendemer et al. (2010)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Alstrup & Cole (1998)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Cole & Hawksworth (2001)
[Lasionectria lecanodes (Ces.) Petch, Nectria lecanodes (Ces.) Fuckel, Nectria lecanodes var. euryspora Vouaux, Nectria lecanodes var. lecanodes Ces., Sphaeria lecanodes Ces.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Sérusiaux et al. (1999)
[Nectria rubefaciens Ellis & Everh., Trichonectria rubefaciens (Ellis & Everh.) Diederich & Schroers]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Cole & Hawksworth (2001)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2009c)
source: Breuss (2005)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), Reported as uncertain by Harris & Lendemer (2009)
[Lamyella peltigerae (Mont.) Berl., Ophiobolus peltigerae (Mont.) Sacc., Rhaphidophora peltigerae (Mont.) Mont., Sphaeria peltigerae Mont.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Alstrup & Cole (1998)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Kocourková (2009)
[Lichen arcticus L., Nephromium arcticum (L.) Hav., Opisteria antarctica (Wulfen) Vain., Opisteria antarctica var. antarctica (Wulfen) Vain., Opisteria antarctica var. lobuligera (Müll. Arg.) Räsänen, Opisteria antarctica var. normalis (Vain.) Räsänen, Opisteria arctica (L.) Vain., Parmelia arctica (L.) Linds., Peltidea arctica (L.) Wahlenb., Peltigera arctica (L.) Räuschel]
[Peltigera bella Spreng.]
[Nephroma resupinatum var. helveticum (Ach.) Gyeln., Nephromium helveticum (Ach.) Nyl., Nephromium helveticum var. helveticum (Ach.) Nyl., Ornatinephroma resupinatum var. helveticum (Ach.) Gyeln., Peltigera helvetica (Ach.) Spreng.]
[Nephroma hibernicum Nyl. ex Leight., Nephroma laevigatum var. lusitanicum (Schaer.) Dombr., Nephroma lusitanicum Schaer., Nephroma lusitanicum f. exasperatum Norman ex Lynge, Nephroma lusitanicum f. hibernicum (Nyl.) R. Sant., Nephroma lusitanicum f. lusitanicum Schaer., Nephroma lusitanicum f. minutocarpum Barkh., Nephroma lusitanicum f. panniforme Cromb., Nephroma lusitanicum var. endoflavum Gyeln., Nephroma lusitanicum var. fimbriatum Gyeln., Nephroma lusitanicum var. hibernicum Nyl. ex Leight., Nephroma lusitanicum var. lusitanicum Schaer., Nephroma lusitanicum var. sublusitanicum (Gyeln.) Szatala, Nephroma lusitanicum var. subreagens Gyeln., Nephromium laevigatum (Ach.) Nyl., Nephromium laevigatum f. laevigatum (Ach.) Nyl., Nephromium laevigatum f. sublividum Vain., Nephromium laevigatum var. laevigatum (Ach.) Nyl., Nephromium laevigatum var. reagens Norman, Nephromium laevigatum var. subtomentellum Nyl., Nephromium lusitanicum (Schaer.) Nyl., Nephromium lusitanicum f. lusitanicum (Schaer.) Nyl., Nephromium lusitanicum f. panniforme Cromb., Nephromium lusitanicum var. exasperatum Norman, Nephromium lusitanicum var. hibernicum Nyl. ex Leight., Nephromium lusitanicum var. lusitanicum (Schaer.) Nyl., Nephromium lusitanicum var. normannum Hue, Nephromium subtomentellum (Nyl.) Cromb., Opisteria laevigata (Ach.) Vain., Opisteria lusitanica (Schaer.) Vain., Peltidea laevigata (Ach.) Sommerf., Peltigera laevigata (Ach.) Duby]
[Lichen parilis Ach., Nephroma laevigatum var. parile (Ach.) Mudd, Nephromium laevigatum var. parile (Ach.) Nyl., Nephromium parile (Ach.) Nyl., Nephromium parile f. glomelliferum (Croz.) M. Choisy, Nephromium parile f. hybridum Gyeln. ex Nikol., Nephromium parile f. parile (Ach.) Nyl., Nephromium parile f. reagens B. de Lesd., Opisteria parilis (Ach.) Vain., Peltidea parilis (Ach.) Ach., Peltigera parilis (Ach.) Spreng.]
[Lichen resupinatus L., Nephroma resupinata (L.) Ach., Nephroma tomentosum (Hoffm.) Flot., Nephromium resupinatum (L.) Arnold, Nephromium resupinatum var. nordinii (Gyeln.) Räsänen, Nephromium resupinatum var. papillosa Räsänen, Nephromium resupinatum var. resupinatum (L.) Arnold, Nephromium tomentosum (Hoffm.) Nyl., Nephromium tomentosum var. isidiosum Nyl., Nephromium tomentosum var. tomentosum (Hoffm.) Nyl., Opisteria resupinata (L.) Vain., Ornatinephroma resupinatum (L.) Gyeln., Ornatinephroma resupinatum f. inaequale (Gyeln.) Gyeln., Ornatinephroma resupinatum f. resupinatum (L.) Gyeln., Ornatinephroma resupinatum var. helvum (A. Massal.) Gyeln., Ornatinephroma resupinatum var. resupinatum (L.) Gyeln., Parmelia tomentosa (Hoffm.) Wallr., Peltidea resupinata (L.) Ach., Peltidea resupinata var. microcarpa Clemente, Peltidea resupinata var. resupinata (L.) Ach., Peltigera tomentosa Hoffm., Sticta drummondii Taylor]
[Vermilacinia cedrosensis (J.E. Marsh & T.H. Nash) Spjut]
source: Bowler & Marsh (2004)
[Desmazieria cephalota (Tuck.) Follmann & Huneck, Ramalina cephalota Tuck., Vermilacinia cephalota (Tuck.) Spjut & Hale]
source: Bowler & Marsh (2004)
[Desmazieria ceruchis (Ach.) Trevis., Ramalina ceruchis (Ach.) De Not., Vermilacinia cerebra Spjut, Vermilacinia ceruchis (Ach.) Spjut & Hale, Vermilacinia corrugata Spjut, Vermilacinia howei Spjut, Vermilacinia leonis Spjut, Vermilacinia leopardina Spjut, Vermilacinia nylanderi Spjut, Vermilacinia zebrina Spjut]
source: Bowler & Marsh (2004)
[Desmazieria ceruchoides (H. Magn.) Follmann & Huneck, Vermilacinia ceruchoides (Rundel & Bowler) Spjut]
source: Bowler & Marsh (2004)
[Desmazieria combeoides (Nyl.) Follmann & Huneck, Ramalina combeoides Nyl., Vermilacinia combeoides (Nyl.) Spjust & Hale]
source: Bowler & Marsh (2004)
[Desmazieria homalea (Ach.) Mont., Desmazieria testudinaria (Nyl.) Follmann & Huneck, Parmelia homalea (Ach.) Spreng., Ramalina homalea Ach., Ramalina homalea var. disrupta Nyl., Ramalina homalea var. homalea Ach., Ramalina testudinaria Nyl., Usnea homalea (Ach.) Tuck.]
[Vermilacinia laevigata (Rundel & Bowler) Spjut]
source: Bowler & Marsh (2004)
[Vermilacinia polymorpha (Bowler, Marsh, T.H. Nash & Riefner) Spjut]
source: Bowler & Marsh (2004)
[Vermilacinia procera (Bowler & Rundel) Spjut]
source: Bowler & Marsh (2004)
source: Spjut (1996), Knudsen & Wheeler (2015)
[Ramalina combeoides var. robusta Howe, Vermilacinia robusta (Howe) Spjut & Hale]
source: Bowler & Marsh (2004)
[Vermilacinia tuberculata (Riefner, Bowler, Marsh & T. Nash) Spjut]
source: Bowler & Marsh (2004)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hansen & Alstrup (1995)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Pino-Bodas (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Dillman (2010)
[Raciborskiomyces peltigericola (D. Hawksw.) M.E. Barr, Wentiomyces peltigericola D. Hawksw.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2010)
source: Alstrup & Cole (1998)
[Bathelium compositum (Vain.) C.W. Dodge, Pseudopyrenula bicincta Zahlbr., Pseudopyrenula composita Vain., Pseudopyrenula deightonii C.W. Dodge, Pseudopyrenula pyrenuloides Zahlbr., Pseudopyrenula tropica (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Pseudopyrenula verrucosa Vain., Pyrenula gaudichaudii (Fée) Pers., Pyrenula tropica (Ach.) Trevis., Sagedia tropica (Ach.) A. Massal., Spermatodium tropicum (Ach.) Trevis., Trypethelium compositum (Vain.) Zahlbr., Trypethelium tropicum (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Trypethelium tropicum var. nigratum Müll.Arg., Trypethelium tropicum var. tropicum (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Verrucaria gaudichaudii Fée, Verrucaria tropica Ach.]
source: Aptroot et al. (2016)
[Alectoria abbreviata (Müll. Arg.) R. Howe, Alectoria divergens f. abbreviata Müll. Arg., Bryopogon abbreviatus (Müll. Arg.) Gyeln., Bryoria abbreviata (Müll. Arg.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.]
[Alectoria oregana Tuck., Bryopogon oreganus (Tuck.) Schneid., Bryoria oregana (Nyl.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., Coelocaulon oreganum (Tuck.) M. Choisy]
[Alectoria subdivergens Å.E. Dahl, Bryopogon subdivergens (Å.E. Dahl) Bystrek, Bryoria subdivergens (E. Dahl) Brodo & D. Hawksw.]
[Endocarpon pulchellum Borrer, Lauderlindsaya borreri (Leighton) R. Sant., Lenormandia jungermanniae Nyl., Lenormandia pulchella (Borrer) A. Massal., Normandina jungermanniae (Nyl.) Nyl., Normandina jungermanniae var. jungermanniae (Nyl.) Nyl., Normandina jungermanniae var. sorediosa H. Olivier, Polyblastia armericola Walt. Watson, Sphaeria borreri Tul., Verrucaria pulchella Borrer]
source: Muggia et al. (2010)
[Arthopyrenia corniculata (Hoffm.) H. Olivier, Collema corniculatum Hoffm., Guignardia corniculata (Hoffm.) Keiñl., Metasphaeria corniculata (Hoffm.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Parmelia corniculata (Hoffm.) Fingerh., Sphaerulina corniculata (Hoffm.) Vouaux, Thrombium corniculatum (Hoffm.) Wallr., Verrucaria corniculata (Hoffm.) Leight.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2007b)
[Rhabdodiscus auberianoides (Nyl.) Vain., Thelotrema auberianoides Nyl.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Thelotrema cavatum Ach., Thelotrema cavatum var. cavatum Ach., Thelotrema cavatum var. confertum Nyl., Thelotrema cavatum var. dolichosporum Nyl., Thelotrema cavatum var. granuliferum Nyl., Thelotrema cavatum var. obturatum Nyl., Thelotrema cavatum var. planius Nyl., Thelotrema cavatum var. porinoides Nyl., Thelotrema cavatum var. submutatum Nyl., Thelotrema chrysotroma Vain.]
[Thelotrema concolor (Meyen & Flot.) Vain.]
source: Harris (1995a)
source: Lücking et al. (2016)
source: Lücking et al. (2016)
[Leptotrema bahianum (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Leptotrema bahianum var. asiaticum Zahlbr., Leptotrema bahianum var. bahianum (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Leptotrema bahianum var. obturascens (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Leptotrema bahianum var. ruptum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Leptotrema obturascens (Nyl.) Hale, Myriotrema bahianum (Ach.) Hale, Ocellularia bahiana (Ach.) Hale, Thelotrema bahianum (Ach.) Ach., Thelotrema bahianum var. antillarum Vain., Thelotrema bahianum var. bahianum (Ach.) Ach., Thelotrema bahianum var. obturascens Nyl., Thelotrema bahianum var. ruptum Nyl., Thelotrema lepadinum var. bahianum Ach.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Ascidium postpositum Nyl., Thelotrema postpositum (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
source: Frisch (2006)
[Thelotrema praestans Müll.Arg.]
[Ochrolechia verrucosa Kalb]
source: Kukwa (2009b)
[Lecanora tartarea subsp. subtartarea Nyl., Lichen androgynus Hoffm.]
[Ochrolechia arborea var. arborea (Kreyer) Almb., Pertusaria arborea (Kreyer) Zahlbr., Pertusaria arborea f. albula (Savicz) Erichsen, Pertusaria arborea f. arborea (Kreyer) Zahlbr., Pertusaria arborea var. albula (Savicz) Kreyer, Pertusaria arborea var. arborea (Kreyer) Zahlbr., Pertusaria arborea var. parvipuncta Erichsen, Variolaria arborea (Kreyer) Ljub., Variolaria arborea var. albula Savicz, Variolaria arborea var. arborea (Kreyer) Ljub., Variolaria lactea var. arborea Kreyer]
source: Brodo & McCune (2017)
[Pertusaria bryophaga Erichsen]
[Lecanora inaequatula Nyl.]
source: Lendemer & Harris (2014b)
[Ochrolechia androgyna var. mahluensis (Räsänen) Räsänen]
source: Brodo & Lendemer (2012), Knudsen (2012)
source: Brodo & Lendemer (2012)
[Pertusaria rhodoleuca Th. Fr.]
source: Roemer et al. (2004)
[Pertusaria subplicans Nyl.]
[Lecanora tartarea (L.) Ach., Lecanora tartarea f. microcarpa Th. Fr., Lecanora tartarea f. tartarea (L.) Ach., Lecanora tartarea subsp. tartarea (L.) Ach., Lecanora tartarea var. arborea (DC.) Schaer., Lecanora tartarea var. frigida (Sw.) Ach., Lecanora tartarea var. gonatodes (Ach.) Ach., Lecanora tartarea var. grandinosa Ach., Lecanora tartarea var. pterulina Nyl., Lecanora tartarea var. tartarea (L.) Ach., Lichen tartareus L., Ochrolechia erichsenii Hafellner & Türk, Ochrolechia tartarea var. pycnidiifera Verseghy, Patellaria tartarea (L.) DC., Pertusaria gyrocheila Nyl., Pertusaria tumidula Erichsen, Pertusaria tumidula var. perpityrea Erichsen, Pertusaria tumidula var. tumidula Erichsen, Rinodina tartarea (L.) Gray, Verrucaria tartarea (L.) F.H. Wigg.]
[Pertusaria trochophora Vain.]
[Lecanora parella var. turneri (Sm.) Nyl., Lecanora turneri (Sm.) Ach., Lichen turneri Sm., Ochrolechia alboflavescens var. turneri (Sm.) Verseghy, Ochrolechia pallescens var. turneri (Sm. & Sowerby) Körb., Ochrolechia parella var. turneri (Sm.) Arnold, Parmelia turneri (Sm.) Ach., Pertusaria leprarioides Erichsen, Pertusaria leprarioides f. fuscocinerea Almb., Pertusaria leprarioides f. leprarioides Erichsen, Pertusaria leprarioides var. leprarioides Erichsen, Pertusaria leprarioides var. silvatica (H. Magn.) Almb., Rinodina turneri (Sm.) Gray]
source: Brodo & Lendemer (2012)
[Lecanora parella var. upsaliensis (L.) Ach., Lecanora upsaliensis (L.) Röhl., Lichen upsaliensis L., Patellaria upsaliensis (L.) Hoffm., Psora upsaliensis (L.) Hoffm.]
[Aspicilia poriniformis (Nyl.) Arnold, Lecanora poriniformis Nyl., Pertusaria poriniformis (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Pertusaria xanthostoma (Sommerf.) Fr., Pertusaria xanthostoma f. xanthocephala Erichsen, Pertusaria xanthostoma f. xanthostoma (Sommerf.) Fr., Porina xanthostoma Sommerf., Porophora xanthostoma Nyl.]
[Ochrolechia pennsylvanica Verseghy, Ochrolechia tuckermanii Vers.]
[Lecanora arizonica (Tuck. ex Willey) W.A. Weber, Omphalodium arizonicum Tuck., Omphalodium hottentottum var. arizonicum Tuck. ex Willey, Parmelia arizonica (Tuck. ex Willey) Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz (2009)
[Chiodecton anguinellum (Nyl.) Vain., Enterographa anguinella (Nyl.) Redinger, Nyungwea anguinella (Nyl.) Aptroot, in Aptroot & Cáceres, Stigmatidium anguinellum Nyl.]
source: Ertz et al. (2009)
[Dactylospora anomea (Nyl.) Zopf, Leciographa pertusariae Vouaux, Mycobilimbia anomea (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Opegraphoidea quaternella (Nyl.) Fink]
source: Ertz et al. (2004)
[Melanographa leucina Müll. Arg., Melaspilea leucina (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Melaspilea octomera Müll.Arg., Opegrapha alborimosa Zahlbr., Opegrapha alborimosa f. alborimosa Zahlbr., Opegrapha alborimosa f. brevicarpa Redinger, Opegrapha alborimosa f. tenuirimis Redinger, Opegrapha alborimosa var. alborimosa Zahlbr., Opegrapha alborimosa var. candissima Redinger, Opegrapha alborimosa var. globulifica Redinger, Opegrapha alborimosa var. reticulata Redinger, Opegrapha alborimosa var. senescens Redinger, Opegrapha humilis Müll.Arg., Opegrapha interalbata Nyl., Opegrapha interveniens Müll.Arg., Opegrapha leucina Müll.Arg. ex Shirley]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Graphis abbreviata Spreng., Opegrapha abbreviata Chevall., Opegrapha bonplandii f. abbreviata (Spreng.) Redinger, Opegrapha bonplandii f. bonplandii Fée, Opegrapha bonplandii var. abbreviata (Spreng.) Müll. Arg., Zwackhia bonplandii (Fée) Ertz]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2013)
[Thelopsis corticola (Coppins & P. James) Sanderson & Ertz]
source: Tønsberg (2002)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Harris & Ladd (2005, 2007)
[Opegrapha rupestris var. dolomitica Arnold, Opegrapha saxicola subsp. dolomitica (Arnold) Roux, Opegrapha saxicola var. dolomitica (Arnold) V. Wirth]
source: Lendemer et al. (2009b)
source: Ertz & Egea (2007)
[Telimena foreaui C. Moreau & M. Moreau]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
source: Tønsberg (1997 [1998])
[Amphoroblastia incavata f. geographicicola (Arnold) Servít, Arthopyrenia geographicicola (Arnold) H. Olivier, Leptosphaeria geographicicola (Arnaud) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Opegrapha geographicola (Arnold) Hafellner, Phaeospora geographicicola Arnold, Weddellomyces geographicicola (Arnold) Alstrup & D. Hawksw.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Dillman et al. (2012)
source: Seavey et al. (2014)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Kocourková & Knudsen (2009d)
[Alyxoria culmigena (Lib.) Ertz, Opegrapha betulina Pers., Opegrapha betulina var. betulina Pers., Opegrapha betulina var. conferta Erichsen, Opegrapha betulina var. herbarum (Mont.) Redinger, Opegrapha culmigena Lib., Opegrapha prosodeoides Vain., Opegrapha turneri Leight.]
source: Seavey et al. (2014)
[Buellia lamyi (O.J. Rich. ex Nyl.) H. Olivier, Dactylospora lamyi (O.J. Rich. ex Nyl.) Zopf, Lecidea lamyi O.J. Rich. ex Nyl., Lecidea lamyi var. lamyi O.J. Rich. ex Nyl., Lecidea lamyi var. triplicands Vain., Leciographa lamyi (O.J. Rich. ex Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Leciographa lamyi var. lamyi (O.J. Rich. ex Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Leciographa lamyi var. triplicantis Vain.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
source: Fink (1935), Esslinger & Tucker (2009)
[Graphis lithyrga (Ach.) Wallr., Opegrapha lithyrga f. ochracea Körb., Opegrapha lithyrga f. steriza Ach., Opegrapha lithyrga var. ochracea Körb., Opegrapha lithyrgodes Nyl., Opegrapha vulgata f. steriza (Ach.) Leight.]
[Mycobilimbia melanospila (Müll. Arg.) Vouaux]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
source: Lendemer (2009)
[Opegrapha amphotera Nyl., Opegrapha dubia Leight. ex Arnold, Opegrapha subsiderella (Nyl.) Arnold, Opegrapha subsiderella f. simplex Erichsen, Opegrapha subsiderella f. subsiderella (Nyl.) Arnold, Opegrapha vulgata var. subsiderella Nyl., Pyrenotea hippocastani Lightf., Pyrenotea niveoatra (Borrer) Leight., Thrombium niveoatrum (Borrer) Schaer., Verrucaria niveoatra Borrer]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner (2009)
[Graphis prosodea (Ach.) Spreng., Opegrapha prosodea var. prosodea Ach., Opegrapha taxicola Leight., Opegrapha viridis f. taxicola (Leight.) Cromb., Opegrapha viridis var. taxicola (Leight.) Leight., Zwackhia prosodea (Ach.) Ertz]
source: Seavey et al. (2014)
[Opegrapha prosiliens Mont. & Bosch]
[Encephalographa pulvinata (Rehm) Müll. Arg., Leciographa pulvinata (Rehm) Arnold, Opegraphoidea pulvinata (Rehm) Fink]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Lecanactis ravenelii (Tuck.) R.C. Harris, Platygrapha ravenelii Tuck., Schismatomma ravenelii (Tuck.) Zahlbr.]
[Graphis saxatilis (DC.) Wallr., Hysterina persoonii (Ach.) Gray, Leciographa centrifuga (A. Massal.) Rehm, Leciographa centrifuga f. centrifuga (A. Massal.) Rehm, Leciographa centrifuga f. insidens (J. Steiner) Keissl., Lecoglyphis centrifuga (A. Massal.) Clem., Opegrapha centrifuga A. Massal., Opegrapha persoonii Ach., Opegrapha persoonii var. persoonii Ach., Opegrapha persoonii var. strepsodina Ach., Opegrapha saxatilis DC., Opegrapha saxicola Ach., Opegrapha saxicola subsp. saxicola Ach., Opegrapha saxicola var. garganica (Jatta) H. Olivier, Opegrapha saxicola var. saxicola Ach.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Zwackhia sorediifera (P. James) Ertz]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2010)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Tønsberg (1997 [1998])
[Graphis vulgata (Ach.) Wallr., Graphis vulgata var. periblastetica Wallr. nom.illegit., Hysterina vulgata (Ach.) Gray, Lichen vulgatus Ach., Opegrapha cinerea Chevall., Opegrapha cinerea f. cinerea Chevall., Opegrapha confluens (Ach.) Stizenb., Opegrapha devulgata Nyl., Opegrapha lithyrga var. confluens Ach., Opegrapha vulgata f. vulgata (Ach.) Ach., Opegrapha vulgata var. cinerea (Chevall.) Blomb. & Forssell, Opegrapha vulgata var. devulgata (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Opegrapha vulgata var. parallela Müll.Arg., Opegrapha vulgata var. vulgata (Ach.) Ach., Pyrenotea lutea Leight.]
source: Ertz & Egea (2007)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), (fide D. Ertz)
[Haematomma lapponicum Räsänen, Haematomma lapponicum var. cuprigenum (Poelt) Poelt, Haematomma lapponicum var. lapponicum Räsänen, Haematomma lapponicum var. violascens Räsänen, Haematomma ventosum f. lapponicum (Räsänen) Oxner, Haematomma ventosum subsp. lapponicum (Räsänen) J.R. Laundon, Haematomma ventosum var. compacta Räsänen, Haematomma ventosum var. compactum Räsänen, Haematomma ventosum var. cuprigenum Poelt, Haematomma ventosum var. lapponicum (Räsänen) Lynge, Ophioparma ventosa var. lapponica (Räsänen) R. Sant.]
[Bacidia herrei Zahlbr., Bacidia rubricosa (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Haematomma californicum Sigal & D.R. Toren, Ophioparma herrei (Zahlbr.) Kalb & Staiger, Ophioparma herreri]
[Callopisma pallidior (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Caloplaca pallidior (Nyl.) Hellb., Caloplaca pallidior f. opaca (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Caloplaca pallidior f. pallidior (Nyl.) Hellb., Caloplaca pallidior var. opaca (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Caloplaca pallidior var. pallidior (Nyl.) Hellb., Gussonea ventosa (L.) Tornab., Haematomma ventosum (L.) A. Massal., Haematomma ventosum f. ventosum (L.) A. Massal., Haematomma ventosum subsp. ventosum (L.) A. Massal., Haematomma ventosum var. subfestivum (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Zahlbr., Haematomma ventosum var. ventosum (L.) A. Massal., Lecania ventosa (L.) Müll. Arg., Lecanora pallidior Nyl., Lecanora ventosa (L.) Ach., Lecanora ventosa var. subfestiva Nyl. ex Cromb., Lecanora ventosa var. ventosa (L.) Ach., Lepadolemma ventosum (L.) Trevis., Lichen ventosus L., Parmelia ventosa (L.) Ach., Parmelia ventosa var. lepadolemma Ach., Parmelia ventosa var. ventosa (L.) Ach., Patellaria ventosa (L.) DC., Rinodina ventosa (L.) Gray, Zeora ventosa (L.) Flot.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Lecanora ventosa
[Amandinea insperata (Nyl.) H. Mayrhofer & Ropin, Berengeria metabolica (Ach.) Trevis., Buellia biloculata (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Buellia biloculata var. biloculata (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Buellia polospora (Leight.) Shirley, Buellia polospora var. polospora (Leight.) Shirley, Lecania fuscella f. metabolica (Ach.) Grummann, Lecanora biloculata (Nyl.) Nyl., Lecanora insperata Nyl., Lecanora metabolica Ach., Lecidea biloculata Nyl., Lecidea insperata (Nyl.) Nyl., Lecidea polospora Leight., Lichen metabolicus (Ach.) Lam., Patellaria metabolica (Ach.) DC., Pseudobuellia biloculata (Nyl.) B. de Lesd., Rinodina biloculata (Nyl.) Sheard, Rinodina insperata (Nyl.) Malme, Rinodina metabolica (Ach.) Anzi, Rinodina metabolica var. exigua (Ach.) Körb., Rinodina metabolica var. maculiformis (Hepp) Körb., Rinodina metabolica var. metabolica (Ach.) Anzi, Rinodina metabolica var. phaeocarpa Müll.Arg., Rinodina metabolica var. volletica Flörke, Zeora metabolica (Ach.) Flot., Zeora metabolica var. metabolica (Ach.) Flot.]
source: Kalb & Giralt (2011)
[Amandinea placodiomorpha (Vain.) Marbach, Buellia placodiomorpha Vain.]
source: Kalb & Giralt (2011)
[Buellia atrata (Sm.) Anzi, Buellia coracina Körb., Buellia moriopsis (A. Massal.) Th. Fr., Orphniospora atrata (Sm.) Poelt]
[Cucurbitaria heterospora (Speg.) Kuntze, Diplodia parmeliae Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Diplodina parmeliae (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc., Nectria diplocarpa Ellis & Everh., Nectria heterospora Speg., Nectria parmeliae (Berk. & Curt.) D. Hawskw., Nectriopsis parmeliae (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Arthonia chiodectella Nyl., Arthonia impolita (Hoffm.) Borrer, Arthonia impolita f. impolita (Hoffm.) Borrer, Arthonia impolita f. subtilis (Erichsen) Zahlbr., Arthonia impolita var. chiodectonoides Tuck., Arthonia impolita var. fuscescens Erichsen, Arthonia impolita var. impolita (Hoffm.) Borrer, Arthonia impolita var. macrospora Erichsen, Arthonia pruinata (Pers.) A. L. Sm., Arthonia pruinosa Ach., Arthonia pruinosa var. pruinosa Ach., Arthonia pruinosa var. spilomatica Ach., Lecanactis impolita (Ehrh.) Fr., Leprantha impolita (Ehrh.) Körb., Lichen impolitus Ehrh., Lichen pruinatus Pers., Opegrapha impolita (Ehrh.) M. Choisy, Pachnolepia impolita (Ehrh.) A. Massal., Parmelia impolita (Ehrh.) Ach., Urceolaria impolita (Ehrh.) Link, Verrucaria impolita (Ehrh.) Hoffm.]
source: Frisch et al. (2014)
[Caloplaca cladodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Placodium cladodes Tuck., Polycauliona cladodes (Tuck.) Hue]
source: Arup et al. (2013)
[Caloplaca invadens Lynge]
source: Arup et al. (2013)
source: Harris & Ladd (2005, 2007)
[Lecanora filamentosa (Stirt.) Elix & Palice, Lecanora ramulicola (H. Magn.) Printzen & P. May, Lecanora saepincola var. ramulicola (H. Magn.) Erichsen, Lecanora symmicta f. ramulicola (H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Lecidea filamentosa Stirt., Lecidea ramulicola (H. Magn.) Hillmann, Lecidea saepincola var. ramulicola H. Magn.]
source: Rodriguez Flakus & Printzen (2014)
[Lecanora schizochromatica Pérez-Ortega, T. Sprib. & Printzen]
source: Rodriguez Flakus & Printzen (2014)
[Imbricaria conoplea (Ach.) DC., Pannaria pityrea (DC.) Degel. [G. Nilsson], Pannaria rubiginosa var. conoplea (Ach.) Körb., Parmelia conoplea Ach.]
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
[Lecanora hookeri (Borrer) Hook., Lecanora leucolepis (Wahlenb.) Ach., Lichen hookeri Borrer, Lichen leucolepis Wahlenb., Pannaria leucolepis (Wahlenb.) Nyl., Parmelia leucolepis (Wahlenb.) Wallr., Squamaria leucolepis Hook., Zeora hookeri (Borrer) Flot.]
[Collema luridum Mont., Dichodium subluridum (Nyl.) Nyl., Pannaria sublurida Nyl., Physma globiferum Hue, Physma luridum (Mont.) Tuck.]
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
[Amphiloma rubiginosum (Ach.) Hepp, Lecanora rubiginosa (Ach.) Nyl., Lichen affinis Dicks., Lichen crenulatus With., Lichen rubiginosus Ach., Parmelia plumbea var. affinis (Dicks.) Taylor, Parmelia rubiginosa (Ach.) Ach., Parmelia rubiginosa var. araneosa C. Bab., Parmelia rubiginosa var. rubiginosa (Ach.) Ach., Squamaria affinis (Dicks.) Hook., Trachyderma rubiginosum (Ach.) Norman, Zeora rubiginosa (Ach.) Flot.]
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
[Involucrothele disjuncta (Arnold) Servít]
source: McCune et al. (2014b)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Dillman (2010)
[Nectria oropensis Ces., Paranectria oropensis subsp. parviseptata M.S. Cole & D. Hawksw.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Chiodecton ochroleucum Zahlbr., Platygrapha plurilocularis Zahlbr., Schismatomma pluriloculare Zahlbr.]
source: Ertz & Tehler (2011)
source: Hodkinson et al. (2010)
[Parmelia saxatilis subsp. fraudans Nyl.]
source: Molina et al. (2016)
source: Molina et al. (2011)
[Imbricaria omphalodes (L.) Jatta, Lichen omphalodes L., Parmelia omphalodes f. caesiopruinosa Nyl. ex Norrl., Parmelia omphalodes f. glomulifera (Cromb.) Cromb., Parmelia omphalodes f. subconcentrica Cromb., Parmelia omphalodes var. glomulifera (Cromb.) Wheldon & A. Wilson, Parmelia omphalodes var. panniformis Ach., Parmelia saxatilis f. glomulifera Cromb., Parmelia saxatilis f. panniformis Cromb., Parmelia saxatilis var. omphalodes (L.) Fr., Parmotrema omphalodes (L.) M. Choisy, Parmotrema omphalodes var. omphalodes (L.) M. Choisy, Parmotrema omphalodes var. panniformis (Ach.) M. Choisy, Parmotrema omphalodes var. pinniformis (Ach.) M. Choisy, Psora omphalodes (L.) Baumg.]
source: Crespo et al. (2004)
Powered by Symbiota