Consortium of Lichen Herbaria
- building a Global Consortium of Bryophytes and Lichens as keystones of cryptobiotic communities -
Lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental US & Canada (Version 23)
Taxa explicitly excluded: Erroneous reports of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi from North America (version #23)
Citation: This version (Version #23, 19 September 2019) of the checklist is being simultaneously published online by North Dakota State University, and in Opuscula Philolichenum 18: 102-378.
Locality: Continental United States of America and Canada
Abstract:
Version 23 of the checklist of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi occurring in North America north of Mexico is presented. It includes a total of 5,618 species in 766 genera, with an additional 44 subspecies, 45 varieties, and 3 forms. The total species number includes 631 lichenicolous fungi, 107 saprophytic fungi related to lichens or to lichenicolous fungi, and another 63 species of varying and/or uncertain biological status.
Please click here to download the Reference List as a PDF.
Notes: The original checklist and its previous versions is available online at this website of North Dakota State University.
Families: 174
Genera: 768
Species: 5621
Total Taxa: 5661
[Arthopyrenia cinchonae (Ach.) Müll. Arg., Arthopyrenia cinchonae var. cinchonae (Ach.) Müll. Arg., Arthopyrenia nieteriana Müll.Arg., Arthopyrenia planipes Müll.Arg., Didymella cinchonae (Ach.) Vain., Leiophloea cinchonae (Ach.) Riedl, Porina concamerata (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Spermatodium cinchonae (Ach.) Trevis., Verrucaria alboatra var. detergens Nyl., Verrucaria cinchonae Ach., Verrucaria cinchonae var. cinchonae Ach., Verrucaria cinchonae var. fumida Stizenb., Verrucaria concamerata Stirt., Verrucaria prostans Mont.]
source: Aptroot & Lücking (2016)
[Arthopyrenia confluens R.C. Harris, Arthopyrenia leucostoma (Fée) A. Massal., Tomasellia leucostoma Müll.Arg.]
source: Aptroot & Lücking (2016)
[Arthopyrenia lyrata R.C. Harris, Macroconstrictolumina lyrata (R.C. Harris) Lücking, R. Miranda & Aptroot]
source: Aptroot & Lücking (2016)
[Arthopyrenia majuscula (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Ciferriolichen majusculus (Nyl.) R.C. Harris, Macroconstrictolumina majuscula (Nyl.) Lücking, R. Miranda & Aptroot, Verrucaria majuscula Nyl.]
source: Aptroot & Lücking (2016)
[Arthopyrenia bifera Zahlbr., Arthopyrenia malaccitula (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Didymella gigantea Räsänen, Macroconstrictolumina malaccitula (Nyl.) Lücking, R. Miranda & Aptroot, Megalotremis biocellata Aptroot, Tomasellia dispora Müll.Arg., Verrucaria malaccitula Nyl.]
source: Aptroot & Lücking (2016)
[Arthopyrenia planior Müll.Arg., Arthopyrenia planorbiculata Müll.Arg., Arthopyrenia planorbis (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Pyrenula planorbis (Ach.) Trevis., Sagedia planorbis (Ach.) A. Massal., Spermatodium planorbis (Ach.) Trevis., Verrucaria planorbis Ach.]
source: Aptroot & Lücking (2016)
[Cora bovei Speg., Cora pavonia f. umbilicalis Fr., Cora pavonia var. umbilicalis Fr., Corella brasiliensis Vain., 1890, Dictyonema glabratum (Sprengel) D. Hawksw., Dictyonema pavonium f. brasiliense (Vain.) Parmasto, Dictyonema zahlbruckneri (Schiffn.) V. Marcano, Thelephora glabrata Spreng.]
[Alectoria tristis (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Th. Fr., Cetraria normoerica (Gunnerus) Lynge, Cetraria tristis (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Fr., Cornicularia tristis (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Hoffm., Imbricaria tristis (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Anzi, Lichen normoericus Gunnerus, Lichen tristis Weber ex F.H. Wigg, Parmelia tristis (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Spreng., Platysma triste (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Nyl.]
[Spirographa ciliata (Kalb) Flakus, Etayo & Miądl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Cole & Hawksw. (2001)
[Spirographa intermedia (Punith. & D. Hawksw.) Flakus, Etayo & Miądl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Esslinger & Egan (1995)
[Spirographa lichenicola (D. Hawksw. & B. Sutton) Flakus, Etayo & Miądl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Kalb et al. (1995)
[Asteroglobulus pyramidalis (Etayo) Diederich, Spirographa pyramidalis (Etayo) Flakus, Etayo & Miądl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: McMullin et al. (2017), Seaward et al. (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2007a)
[Cryptomyces peltigerae Fuckel, Peziza fuckelii (Rehm) Sacc., Phragmonaevia fuckelii Rehm]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Belonidium peltigerae (Fuckel) I.M. Lamb, Celidium peltigerae (Nyl.) P. Karst., Diplonaevia peltigerae (Nyl.) Sacc., Leciographa peltigerae (Nyl.) Mussat nom. inval., Melaspilea peltigerae Nyl., Peziza peltigerae Fuckel, Phragmonaevia peltigerae (Nyl.) Rehm]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Alstrup & Cole (1998)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2007a)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Spribille et al. (2010)
[Taeniolella laevistipitata M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw.]
[Buellia americana (Fée) Zahlbr., Buellia americana var. americana (Fée) Zahlbr., Buellia modesta (Krempelh.) Müll.Arg., Buellia modesta var. modesta (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Buellia modestula Zahlbr., Lecidea modesta Kremp. nom. illegit., Lecidea parasema var. americana Fée]
[Buellia lauri-cassiae (Fée) Müll.Arg., Buellia lauri-cassiae f. lauri-cassiae (Fée) Müll.Arg., Cratiria lauricassiae (Fée) Marbach, Diplotomma lauri-cassiae (Fée) Szatala, Diplotomma lauri-cassiae var. lauri-cassiae (Fée) Szatala, Lecidea lauri-cassiae Fée, Mannia lauri-cassiae (Fée) Trevis.]
[Buellia melanochlora (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Lecidea melanochlora Kremp.]
[Canoparmelia crozalsiana (B. de Lesd. ex Harm.) Elix & Hale, Parmelia crozalsiana B. de Lesd. ex Harm., Parmotrema crozalsianum (B. de Lesd. ex Harm.) D. Hawksw., Pseudoparmelia crozalsiana (B. de Lesd. ex Harm.) Hale]
source: Lendemer & Hodkinson (2012)
[Lecanactis chloroconia Tuck., Lecanactis premnea var. chloroconia (Tuck.) Tuck., Lecidea chloroconia (Tuck.) Tuck., Opegrapha chloroconia (Tuck.) Müll.Arg.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Lecanactis premnea var. chloroconia
[Bombyliospora dolichospora var. obscurata Räsänen, Lecanactis leprieurii (Mont.) Tuck., Lecanactis leprieurii f. brachyspora Malme, Lecanactis leprieurii f. leprieurii (Mont.) Tuck., Lecidea leprieurii Mont.]
[Bilimbia premnea (Ach.) H. Olivier, Lecanactis plocina subsp. premnea (Ach.) Lettau, Lecanactis premnea (Ach.) Arnold, Lecanactis premnea f. premnea (Ach.) Arnold, Lecanactis premnea f. saxicola (Mudd) Leight., Lecanactis premnea f. teichogena (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Lecanactis premnea var. argillacea (Malbr.) H. Olivier, Lecanactis premnea var. melargyra Nyl., Lecanactis premnea var. plurilocularis (Nyl.) Riddle, Lecanactis premnea var. premnea (Ach.) Arnold, Lecanactis premnea var. saxicola (Leight.) H. Olivier, Lecidea premnea Ach., Lecidea premnea f. premnea Ach., Lecidea premnea f. teichogena Nyl., Lecidea premnea var. argillacea Malbr., Lecidea premnea var. plurilocularis Nyl., Lecidea premnea var. premnea Ach., Lecidea premnea var. saxicola Leight., Opegrapha premnea (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Patellaria premnea (Ach.) Duby, Schismatomma premneum (Ach.) Mudd, Schismatomma premneum var. premneum (Ach.) Mudd, Schismatomma premneum var. saxicola Mudd, Schismatomma premneum var. saxicolum Mudd]
[Lecanactis proximata (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecidea proximata Nyl.]
[Lichen auratus (Ach.) Sm., Lobaria aurata (Ach.) Kuntze, Nephroma aurata (Ach.) Pers., Parmelia aurata (Ach.) Eschw., Parmosticta aurata (Ach.) Nyl., Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vain., Sticta aurata Mont., Sticta aurata var. abortiva Schaer., Sticta aurata var. angustata Mont., Sticta aurata var. aurata Ach., Sticta aurata var. isidiascens Zahlbr., Sticta aurata var. microphylla Müll.Arg., Sticta aurata var. pallens Nyl., Sticta aurata var. pallidoglaucescens C. Knight]
[Amphiloma gossypinum (Sw.) Nyl., Byssocaulon gossypinum (Sw.) Müll. Arg., Lecidea gossypina (Sw.) Ach., Lichen gossypinus Sw., Phyllopsora gossypina (Sw.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman, Symplocia gossypina (Sw.) A. Massal.]
[Phyllopsora pyxinoides (Nyl.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman]
[Lettauia cladoniicola D. Hawksw. & R. Sant.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Pino-Bodas et al. (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Pino-Bodas et al. (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Pino-Bodas et al. (2017)
[Bacidia bryophaga (Körb.) Branth & Rostr., Bryophagus gloeocapsa Nitschke ex Arnold, Cryptodiscus gloeocapsus (Nitschke ex Arnold) Baloch, Gilenstam & Wedin, Gloeolecta bryophaga (Körb. ex Arnold) Vězda, Gyalecta bryophaga (Körb.) Hellb., Gyalecta gloeocapsa (Nitschke ex Arnold) Zahlbr., Lecidea gloeocapsa (Nitschke ex Arnold) Zwackh, Secoliga bryophaga Körb., Secoliga gloeocapsa (Nitschke ex Arnold) Erichsen]
Michigan. Cheboygan Co.: just N of Cheboygan Levering Rd. W of its intersection with Interstate 75; 45deg. 38' N, 84deg. 39' W; on terricolous bryophytes, J. Hafellner 7998 (GZU)., source: Baloch et al. (2009)
[Gyalecta carneolutea (Turner) H. Olivier, Gyalecta carneolutea f. carneolutea (Turner) H. Olivier, Gyalecta carneolutea f. saxicola Walt. Watson, Gyalectina carneolutea (Turner) Vezda, Lecania carneolutea (Turner) Mudd, Lecanora carneolutea (Turner) Hook. f., Lecidea carneolutea (Turner) Nyl., Lichen carneoluteus (Turner) Sm., Pachyphiale carneolutea (Turner) Samp., Parmelia carneolutea Turner, Patellaria carneolutea (Turner) Trevis., Rinodina carneolutea (Turner) Gray, Secoliga carneolutea (Turner) Müll. Arg.]
[Gyalecta nana Tuck., Gyalectina nana (Tuck.) Vezda, Secoliga nana (Tuck.) Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
[Arthonia effusa (Müll. Arg.) Willey, Arthothelium effusum (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Phlyctis effusa Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Seavey (2009)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014a)
[Myriostigma miniatum (Lücking) Aptroot, Ertz, Grube & M. Cáceres]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Thor (1991)
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
[Pyrenopsidium granuliforme (Nyl.) Forssell, Pyrenopsis granuliformis (Nyl.) Th. Fr.]
[Pyrenopsis permiscens Nyl., Pyrenopsis phylliscina (Tuck.) Tuck.]
[Culbersonia americana Essl., Pyxine nubila Moberg]
source: Esslinger (2002b)
[Calicium brachysporum (Nádv.) K. Knudsen, Kocourk. & Lendemer]
Prieto & Wedin (2017) transferred most species of Cyphelium into Calicium, but did not indicate identity and disposition of C. brachysporum.
[Cystobasidium hypogymniicola Diederich & Ahti]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Millanes et al. (2016)
[Cystobasidium usneicola Diederich & Ahti]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Millanes et al. (2016)
[Coenogonium ebeneum (Dillwyn) A.L. Sm., Coenogonium nigrum (Huds.) Ehrenb., Cystocoleus niger (Huds.) Har., Racodium ebeneum (Dillwyn) Fr.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Henssen (1995)
[Catapyrenium hookeri (Borrer) Flot., Catolechia hookeri (Borrer) Anzi, Lecidea hookeri (Borrer) Schaer., Leptosphaeria hookeri (Borrer) Sacc. & P. Syd., Pleospora hookeri (Borrer) Keissl., Psora hookeri (Borrer) Boistel, Rhizocarpon hookeri (Borrer) Lettau, Verrucaria hookeri Borrer]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Kocourkova & Knudsen (2010)
[Pleospora rufescentis Vouaux]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Daniëls (2003)
[Cetraria arctica H. Magn., Cladonia arctica (Hook. f.) Th. Fr., Evernia arctica (Hook. f.) Tuck.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Cetraria arctica
Treated as subsp. of D. arctica by Kärnefelt & Thell (1996)
[Cetraria ramulosa (Hook. f.) Tuck.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Cetraria ramulosa
[Sclerococcum aeruginosum (Holien & Ihlen) Ertz & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ihlen et al. (2004a)
[Sclerococcum ahtii (Zhurb. & Pino-Bodas) Ertz & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Sclerococcum amygdalariae (Triebel) Ertz & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Buellia athallina Müll.Arg., Buellia scabrosa f. athallina (Müll. Arg.) A.L. Sm., Karschia athallina (Müll. Arg.) Vouaux]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Bacidia attendenda (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecidea attendenda Nyl., Leciographa attendenda (Nyl.) P. Karst., Sclerococcum attendendum (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Sclerococcum boreale (Holien & Ihlen) Ertz & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ihlen et al. (2004a)
[Buellia urceolata var. deminuta (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr., Dactylospora urceolata var. deminuta (Th. Fr.) Arnold, Lecidea parasitica β deminuta Th. Fr., Leciographa sociella var. deminuta (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier, Sclerococcum deminutum (Th. Fr.) Ertz & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Sclerococcum frigidum (Hafellner) Ertz & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Dillman et al. (2012)
[Buellia glaucomarioides Willey ex Tuck., Sclerococcum glaucomarioides (Willey ex Tuck.) Ertz & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Buellia inquilina Tuck., Buelliella inquilina (Tuck.) Fink, Sclerococcum inquilinum (Tuck.) Ertz & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Abrothallus lobariellus (Nyl.) Zopf, Buellia lobariella (Nyl.) Arnold, Buelliella nuttallii (Calk. & Nyl.) Fink, Lecidea lobariella Nyl., Lecidea nuttallii Calk. & Nyl., Sclerococcum lobariellum (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Sclerococcum luridum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M. Martín, M. Prieto & Baral]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Harris & Lendemer (2005)
[Buellia parasitica (Flörke) Th. Fr., Lecidea parasitica Flörke, Leciographa inspersa (Tul.) Rehm, Leciographa inspersa var. convexa (Fr.) Keissl., Leciographa inspersa var. inspersa (Tul.) Rehm, Sclerophyton occidentale Herre]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Buellia parasitica
[Buellia parellaria (Nyl.) B. de Lesd., Lecidea parellaria Nyl., Leciographa parasitica var. parellaria (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Leciographa parellaria (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Mycobilimbia parellaria (Nyl.) Zopf, Sclerococcum parellarium (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Buellia pertusariicola Willey ex Tuck., Dactylospora pertusaricola (Willey ex Tuck.) Hafellner, Leciographa pertusariicola (Willey ex Tuck.) Fink, Sclerococcum pertusariicola (Willey ex Tuck.) Ertz & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Sclerococcum pleiospermum (Triebel) Ertz & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner et al. (2002)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Etayo & Breuss (1998)
[Sclerococcum purpurascens (Triebel) Ertz & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2013)
[Acolium saxatile (Schaer.) A. Massal., Buellia saxatilis (Schaer.) Körb., Buellia saxatilis f. saxatilis (Schaer.) Körb., Calicium saxatile Schaer., Karschia saxatilis (Schaer.) Rehm, Karschia saxatilis f. epiconcolor (Bagl. & Carestia) Kreisel, Karschia saxatilis f. leptolepis (Bagl. & Carestia) Kreisel, Karschia saxatilis f. saxatilis (Schaer.) Rehm, Lecidea saxatilis (Schaer.) Hepp, Trachylia saxatilis (Schaer.) Fr.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Buellia saxatilis
[Sclerococcum suburceolatum (Coppins & Fryday) Ertz & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: McMullin et al. (2017)
[Buellia sociella (Nyl.) Rostr., Buellia urceolata Th. Fr., Buellia urceolata var. urceolata Th. Fr., Leciographa urceolata (Th. Fr.) Rehm, Leciographa urceolata var. sodalis Vain., Leciographa urceolata var. urceolata (Th. Fr.) Rehm, Sclerococcum urceolatum (Th. Fr.) Ertz & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Buellia urceolata
[Leptogidium intricatulum (Nyl.) Nyl., Polychidium intricatulum (Nyl.) Henssen]
[Cornicularia umhausensis Auersw., Dendriscocaulon bolacinum (Ach.) Nyl., Dendriscocaulon bolacinum var. bolacinum (Ach.) Nyl., Dendriscocaulon bolacinum var. dendroides (Nyl.) Vain., Homodium bolacinum (Ach.) Cromb., Leptogidium umhausense (Auersw.) Henssen, Leptogium bolacinum (Ach.) Nyl., Leptogium umhausense (Auersw.) Th. Fr., Lichen amplissimus Scop., Lichen glomuliferus Lightf., Lichen laciniatus Huds., Lichen laciniatus var. arboreus Weiss, Lichen laciniatus var. laciniatus Huds., Lobaria amplissima (Scop.) Forss., Lobaria amplissima var. amplissima (Scop.) Forssell, Lobaria glomulifera (Lightf.) Hoffm., Lobaria japonica f. exsecta (Nyl.) Yoshim., Lobaria laciniata (Huds.) Vain., Lobaria laciniata f. albida Gyeln., Lobaria laciniata f. laciniata (Huds.) Vain., Lobaria laciniata subsp. laciniata (Huds.) Vain., Lobaria quercizans f. exsecta (Nyl.) O.B. Blum, Lobarina laciniata (Huds.) Vain., Parmelia amplissima (Scop.) Schaer., Parmelia glomulifera (Lightf.) Ach., Parmelia lacera var. bolacina Ach., Peltidea glomulifera (Hoffm.) Link, Pertusaria glomulifera (Lightf.) Leight., Platysma glomuliferum (Lightf.) Frege, Polychidium umhausense (Auersw.) Henssen, Ricasolia amplissima (Scop.) De Not., Ricasolia glomulifera (Lightf.) Nyl., Ricasolia glomulifera var. exsecta Nyl., Ricasolia glomulifera var. glomulifera (Hoffm.) Nyl., Sticta amplissima (Scop.) Rabenh., Sticta glomulifera (Lightf.) Delise, Variolaria glomulifera Ach.]
[Sticta oroborealis Goward & Tønsberg]
source: Moncada et al. (2013)
[Sticta wrightii Tuck.]
source: Moncada et al. (2013)
[Acremonium subeffusum (Ellis & Galloway) Etayo & Brackel]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
source: Sundin & Tehler (1996)
[Roccellina conformis Tehler]
source: Ertz & Tehler (2011)
[Arthonia decolorans (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Erichsen, Arthonia decolorans f. decolorans (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Erichsen, Arthonia decolorans f. subtilis Erichsen, Arthonia impolita var. decolorans (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Redinger, Lepraria decolorans (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Almb., Lepraria decolorans f. decolorans (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Almb., Lepraria decolorans f. subtilis (Erichsen) Grummann, Schaereria decolorans (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Clauzade & Vezda, Schismatomma albocinctum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Schismatomma decolorans (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Clauz. & Vězda, Spiloma decolorans Turner & Borrer]
source: Ertz & Tehler (2011)
[Chiodecton subochroleucum Fink, Roccellina franciscana (Zahlbr. ex Herre) Follmann]
source: Ertz & Tehler (2011)
[Roccella leucophaea Tuck.]
source: Heiđmarsson & Breuss (2004)
source: Amtoft et al. (2008)
source: Breuss (2003)
source: Heiđmarsson & Breuss (2004)
source: Amtoft et al. (2008)
[Dermatocarpon decipiens f. intestiniforme (Körb.) Szatala, Dermatocarpon polyphyllum (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Dermatocarpon polyphyllum f. epruinosa Servít, Dermatocarpon polyphyllum f. laxum H. Magn., Dermatocarpon polyphyllum f. polyphyllum (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Dermatocarpon polyphyllum f. subconcavum (Vain.) Zahlbr., Endocarpon intestiniforme Körb.]
[Endocarpon leptophyllodes Nyl.]
According to Heiđmarsson (2017) the authors should be "(Nyl.) Vainio ex Hav.", not "(Nyl.) Zahlbr." as given in Index Fungorum, source: Heiđmarsson & Breuss (2004), Heiđmarsson (2017)
source: Goward et al. (1996)
[Biatora lurida (Dill. ex With.) Fr., Dermatocarpon aquaticum (Weiss) Zahlbr., Dermatocarpon fluviatile (Weber) Th. Fr., Dermatocarpon fluviatile f. fluviatile (Weber) Th. Fr., Dermatocarpon fluviatile f. intestiniformis Vain., Dermatocarpon fluviatile f. subconcavum Vain., Dermatocarpon weberi (Ach.) W. Mann, Dermatocarpon weberi var. decipiens (A. Massal.) Vain., Dermatocarpon weberi var. weberi (Ach.) W. Mann, Endocarpon aquaticum (Weiss) Gaertn., G. Mey. & Scherb., Endocarpon fluviatile (Weber) DC., Endocarpon miniatum var. aquaticum (Hoffm.) Schaer., Entosthelia fluviatilis (Weber) Hav., Lepidoma luridum (Dill. ex With.) Gray, Lichen amphibius With., Lichen aquaticus Weiss, Lichen luridus Dill. ex With., Lichen weberi Ach., Lobaria aquatica (Weiss) Hoffm., Parmelia aquatica (Weiss) Ach., Parmelia fluviatilis (Weber) Ach., Patellaria lurida (Dill. ex With.) Wallr., Placodium luridum (Dill. ex With.) Link, Platisma aquaticum (Weiss) Hoffm., Schaereria lurida (Dill. ex With.) Gyeln., Verrucaria weberi Humb.]
source: Amtoft et al. (2008)
[Dermatocarpon bachmannii var. inundatum Klem., Dermatocarpon meiophyllum Vain., Dermatocarpon miniatum var. leptophyllum, Placidiopsis meiophylliza (Vain.) Servít]
source: Glavich & Geiser (2004)
[Capnia miniata (L.) A. St.-Hil., Dermatocarpon miniatum var. miniatum (L.) W. Mann, Endocarpon miniatum (L.) Gaertn., Endocarpon miniatum var. aetneum Tornab., Endocarpon miniatum var. cirsodes Ach., Endocarpon miniatum var. compactum Lamy, Endocarpon miniatum var. complicatissimum Nyl., Endocarpon miniatum var. imbricatum A. Massal., Endocarpon miniatum var. miniatum (L.) Gaertn., Endocarpon miniatum var. monstrosum Schaer., Endocarpon miniatum var. panniforme Lamy, Endocarpon miniatum var. papillosum Anzi, Endocarpon miniatum var. polyphyllum Wallr., Endocarpon miniatum var. umbilicatum Schaer., Entosthelia miniata (L.) Hue, Entosthelia miniata var. complicata (Lightf.) B. de Lesd., Entosthelia miniata var. miniata (L.) Hue, Entosthelia miniata var. panniformis (Lamy) B. de Lesd., Entosthelia miniata var. papillosa (Anzi) B. de Lesd., Epistictum miniatum (L.) Trevis., Lichen miniatus L., Lichen miniatus var. miniatus L., Rhodocarpon miniatum (L.) Lönnr., Umbilicaria miniata (L.) Baumg.]
[Dermatocarpon muehlenbergii (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Dermatocarpon muehlenbergii var. muehlenbergii (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Endocarpon muhlenbergii Ach.]
source: Amtoft et al. (2008)
source: Amtoft et al. (2008)
source: Heiđmarsson & Breuss (2004)
[Endocarpon rivulorum Arnold, Placidiopsis rivulorum (Arnold) Servít]
source: Heiđmarsson & Breuss (2004)
source: Heiđmarsson (2003)
source: Heiđmarsson (2003)
source: Amtoft (2006)
[Buellia catawbensis Willey, Dermatiscum catawbense (Willey) Nyl., Dermatiscum porcellanum Nyl., Dermiscellum catawbense (Willey) Hafellner & Poelt, Dermiscellum oulocheilum (Tuck.) Lendemer, Lecidea catawbensis (Willey) Nyl., Melanographa oulocheila (Tuck.) Müll. Arg., Melaspilea oulocheila (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Opegrapha oulocheila Tuck.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Buellia catawbensis, source: Lendemer (2003)
[Baeomyces absolutus Tuck., Baeomyces absolutus f. absolutus Tuck., Baeomyces absolutus f. subsessilis Tuck., Baeomyces absolutus var. absolutus Tuck., Baeomyces absolutus var. novae-zealandiae (C. Knight) Zahlbr., Baeomyces absolutus var. novae-zelandiae (C. Knight) Zahlbr., Baeomyces absolutus var. sessilis Müll.Arg., Baeomyces absolutus var. stipitatus (Mont.) Vain., Tubercularia absoluta (Tuck.) Kuntze]
[Baeomyces roseus Pers., Baeomyces roseus f. roseus Pers., Baeomyces roseus var. roseus Pers., Dibaeis rosea (Pers.) Clem., Dibaeis roseus (Pers.) Clem., Lichen baeomyces L. f., Tubercularia baeomyces (L. f.) Baumg., Verrucaria baeomyces (L. f.) Willd.]
source: Lendemer & Harris (2004)
[Campylothelium amylosporum (Vain.) R.C. Harris, Polyblastiopsis amylospora (Vain.) Zahlbr., Polyblastiopsis dealbens Fink ex J. Hedrick, Thelenella amylospora Vain.]
source: Aptroot & Lücking (2016)
[Anthracothecium anoistum (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Campylothelium album Müll.Arg., Campylothelium anoistum (Stirt.) Patw. & Makhija, Campylothelium nitidum Müll.Arg., Campylothelium proponens (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Polyblastia proponens (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Polyblastiopsis proponens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Polymeridium proponens (Nyl.) R.C. Harris, Verrucaria anoista Stirt., Verrucaria proponens Nyl.]
source: Aptroot & Lücking (2016)
[Leptogidium moorei Nyl.]
[Cyphellostereum phyllogenum (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, Dal-Forno & Lawrey, Dichonema phyllogenum Müll. Arg., Dictyonema phyllogenum f. defectum Lücking, Dictyonema phyllogenum f. phyllogenum (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Rhipidonema phyllogenum (Müll. Arg.) Vain.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Cora aeruginosa (Nees) Sacc., Cora neesiana Lév., Cora sericea (Sw.) Fr., Dematium thelephora Spreng., Dichaena sericeum (Sw.) Overeem, Dichonema aeruginosum Blume & T. Nees, Dichonema diducens Nyl., Dichonema sericeum (Sw.) Mont., Dictyonema aeruginosum (Blume & T. Nees) Berk., Dictyonema excentricum C. Agardh, Dictyonema schenckianum (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Dictyonema sericeum f. laminosum Har., Dictyonema sericeum f. membranaceum P. Metzner, Dictyonema sericeum f. schenckianum (Müll. Arg.) Parmasto, Dictyonema sericeum f. sericeum (Sw.) Berk., Dictyonema sericeum f. thelephora (Spreng.) Parmasto, Dictyonema sericeum f. typica P. Metzner nom. inval., Dictyonema sericeum var. aeruginosum (Blume & T. Nees) Vain., Dictyonema sericeum var. sericeum (Sw.) Berk., Dictyonema thelephora (Spreng.) Zahlbr., Hydnum sericeum Sw., Laudatea schenckiana Müll. Arg., Hedwigia 30(4): 234 (1891), Rhipidonema excentricum (C. Agardh) Sacc., Rhipidonema schenckianum (Müll. Arg.) Tomas., Rhipidonema sericeum (Sw.) Mattir., Rhipidonema thelephora (Spreng.) Tomas., Thelephora sericea (Sw.) Sw., Thelephora sericea var. sericea Schrad.]
[Arthopyrenia latitans (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Didymella latitans (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Obryzum latitans Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2009a)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2013)
[Polycoccum bryonthae (Arnold) Vězda]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2015a)
[Phoma cladoniicola Diederich, Kocourk. & Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2015a)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2015a)
[Phoma physciicola Keissl., Phyllosticta physciicola (Keissl.) Keissl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2015a)
[Phoma melanelixiae Brackel]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2015a)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2015a)
[Thyrea divergens Henssen]
source: Sweat et al. (2004)
[Omphalaria polyglossa Nyl., Thyrea polyglossa (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
source: Schultz (2002b)
[Monerolechia californica (H. Magn.) Elix, Rinodina californica H. Magn.]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens.
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: Knudsen et al. (2013b)
[Amphiloma oreinum (Ach.) Körb., Beltraminia oreina (Ach.) Trevis., Berengeria oreina (Ach.) Trevis., Lecanora oreina (Ach.) Ach., Lecanora straminea var. oreina Ach., Parmelia oreina (Ach.) Fr., Placodium oreinum (Ach.) Duby, Placothallia oreina (Ach.) Szatala, Psora oreina (Ach.) Nägeli, Rinodina hueana f. dispersa Lynge, Rinodina hueana f. microcarpoides C. Moreau & M. Moreau, Rinodina novomexicana B. de Lesd., Rinodina oreina H. Maln, Rinodina oreina f. dispersoareolata Servít & Nádv., Rinodina oreina f. oreina (Ach.) A. Massal., Rinodina oreina var. fimbriata (Schaer.) Jatta, Rinodina oreina var. griseoviridis H. Magn., Rinodina oreina var. oreina (Ach.) A. Massal., Rinodina suboreina B. de Lesd., Squamaria oreina (Ach.) Ach.]
[Buellia radiata Tuck., Rinodina radiata Tuck.]
source: Matzer et al. (1996)
[Catolechia tenuis Müll.Arg., Dimelaena diffractella (Müll. Arg.) Sheard, Rinodina diffractella Müll.Arg.]
source: Beeching (2007)
[Rinodina thysanota Tuck.]
[Graphis atrorubens Tuck., Opegrapha longissima Müll.Arg.]
source: Ertz & Tehler (2011)
[Dematium aureum var. strigosum Pers., Dematium strigosum (Pers.) Pers., Peziza laevigata Fr., Phomatospora dinemasporium J. Webster]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Alstrup & Cole (1998)
[Chiodecton antillarum Vain., Herpothallon antillarum (Vainio) Aptroot, Lücking & G. Thor]
source: Nelsen et al. (2012)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014a)
[Glaucinaria junghuhnii (Mont. & Bosch) A. Massal., Graphina junghuhnii (Mont. & Bosch) Müll. Arg., Graphina mendax (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.]
source: Tripp et al. (2010)
source: Lumbsch et al. (2011), Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Ectographis poitaei (Fée) Trevis., Glaucinaria poitaei (Fée) A. Massal., Graphina melaleuca Müll.Arg., Graphina obtectula Müll.Arg., Graphina palmeri Zahlbr., Graphina poitaei (Fée) Müll.Arg., Graphina triangularis Zahlbr., Graphina virginea (Eschw.) Müll.Arg., Graphis collosporella Vain., Graphis homographa Nyl., Graphis poitaei Fée, Graphis virginea Nyl., Leiogramma virgineum Eschw., Opegrapha poitaei (Fée) Bél.]
source: Kalb et al. (2004)
[Cyclographina platyleuca (Nyl.) D.D. Awasthi & M. Joshi, Cyclographina pruinosa (Eschw.) D.D. Awasthi, Graphina platyleuca (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Graphis platyleuca Nyl. 1868, Graphis pruinosa (Eschw.) Nyl., Helminthocarpon platyleucum (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Helminthocarpon pruinosum (Eschw.) Müll.Arg., Leiogramma pruinosum Eschw., Platygrapha albovestita C. Knight, Schismatomma albovestitum (C. Knight) Zahlbr.]
source: Tripp et al. (2010)
[Graphina reniformis (Fée) Müll.Arg.]
source: Tripp et al. (2010)
[Buellia canescens (Dicks.) De Not.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Rhizocarpon athalloides (Nyl.) Hasse]
source: Lücking et al. (2007)
[Acrorixis actinostoma (Ach.) Trevis., Aspicilia aperta (Schaer.) Motyka nom. inval., Diploschistes actinostomus f. apertus (Schaer.) Zahlbr., Lagerheimina actinostoma (Ach.) Kuntze, Lecanora actinostoma (Ach.) Nyl., Limboria actinostoma (Ach.) A. Massal., Limboria actinostoma var. actinostoma (Ach.) A. Massal., Urceolaria actinostoma Pers., Urceolaria scruposa var. actinostoma (Ach.) Grognot, Verrucaria actinostoma Ach.]
[Urceolaria actinostoma var. aenea Müll. Arg.]
[Urceolaria actinostoma var. caesioplumbea Nyl.]
source: Lumbsch (2002)
[Diploschistes calcareus (Müll. Arg.) J. Steiner, Diploschistes calcareus f. calcareus (Müll. Arg.) J. Steiner, Diploschistes calcareus f. electus (J. Steiner) Lettau, Diploschistes calcareus var. calcareus (Müll. Arg.) J. Steiner, Diploschistes calcareus var. coerulescens J. Steiner, Limboria candidissima Kremp., Urceolaria actinostoma var. calcarea Müll. Arg.]
source: Esslinger & Egan (1995)
[Diploschistes albissimus (Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Urceolaria albissima (Ach.) Arnold, Urceolaria diacapsis Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. diacapsis (Ach.) Nyl.]
[Diploschistes scruposus subsp. gypsaceus (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Urceolaria albissima var. gypsacea (Ach.) Arnold, Urceolaria gypsacea Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. gypsacea (Ach.) Körb.]
[Diploschistes bryophilus (Ehrh.) Zahlbr., Diploschistes bryophilus f. bryophilus (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Zahlbr., Diploschistes bryophilus f. iridatus (A. Massal.) Lettau, Diploschistes bryophilus f. pachylepis Lettau, Diploschistes bryophilus f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Servít, Diploschistes bryophilus var. bryophilus (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Zahlbr., Diploschistes bryophilus var. klementianus Gyeln., Diploschistes bryophilus var. praematricus Gyeln., Diploschistes bryophilus var. rossica Gyeln., Diploschistes bryophilus var. rossicus Gyeln., Diploschistes lichenicola (Mont.) Vain., Diploschistes muscorum subsp. muscorum, Diploschistes scruposus f. bryophilus (Ehrh.) Oxner, Diploschistes scruposus subsp. muscorum (Scop.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Diploschistes scruposus var. bryophilus (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Diploschistes scruposus var. parasiticus (Sommerf.) Zahlbr., Gyalecta bryophila (Ehrh.) Ach., Lecanora scruposa var. parasitica Sommerf., Lichen bryophilus Ehrh., Lichen muscorum Scop., Mellitiosporium lichenicola (Mont. & Fr.) Sacc., Patellaria muscorum (Scop.) Hoffm., Stictis lichenicola Mont. & Fr., Urceolaria bryophila (Ehrh.) Funck, Urceolaria lichenicola (Mont. & Fr.) A. Rich.]
[Diploschistes bryophilus (Ehrh.) Zahlbr., Diploschistes bryophilus f. bryophilus (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Zahlbr., Diploschistes bryophilus f. iridatus (A. Massal.) Lettau, Diploschistes bryophilus f. pachylepis Lettau, Diploschistes bryophilus f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Servít, Diploschistes bryophilus var. bryophilus (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Zahlbr., Diploschistes bryophilus var. klementianus Gyeln., Diploschistes bryophilus var. praematricus Gyeln., Diploschistes bryophilus var. rossica Gyeln., Diploschistes bryophilus var. rossicus Gyeln., Diploschistes lichenicola (Mont.) Vain., Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant., Diploschistes scruposus f. bryophilus (Ehrh.) Oxner, Diploschistes scruposus subsp. muscorum (Scop.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Diploschistes scruposus var. bryophilus (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Diploschistes scruposus var. parasiticus (Sommerf.) Zahlbr., Gyalecta bryophila (Ehrh.) Ach., Lecanora scruposa var. parasitica Sommerf., Lichen bryophilus Ehrh., Lichen muscorum Scop., Mellitiosporium lichenicola (Mont. & Fr.) Sacc., Patellaria muscorum (Scop.) Hoffm., Stictis lichenicola Mont. & Fr., Urceolaria bryophila (Ehrh.) Funck, Urceolaria lichenicola (Mont. & Fr.) A. Rich.]
[Diploschistes scruposa (Schreb.) Norman, Lagerheimina scruposa (Schreb.) Kuntze, Lecanora scruposa (Schreb.) Nyl., Lecanora scruposa f. geographica Flagey, Lecanora scruposa f. scruposa (Schreb.) Nyl., Lecanora scruposa var. gypsacea (Ach.) Sommerf., Lecanora scruposa var. scruposa (Schreb.) Nyl., Lichen scruposus Schreb., Lichen scuposus Schreb., Parmelia scruposa (Schreb.) Hepp, Patellaria scruposa (Schreb.) Hoffm., Psora scruposa (Schreb.) Hampe, Urceolaria scruposa (Schreb.) Ach., Urceolaria scruposa f. bryophila Ehrh., Urceolaria scruposa f. corticola Harm., Urceolaria scruposa f. granulosa Harm., Urceolaria scruposa f. isidioidea Schaer., Urceolaria scruposa f. leprosa Flot., Urceolaria scruposa f. minor Kremp., Urceolaria scruposa f. muscicola Anzi, Urceolaria scruposa f. ochracea Anzi, Urceolaria scruposa f. scruposa (Schreb.) Ach., Urceolaria scruposa f. subscruposa Nyl., Urceolaria scruposa var. albissima Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. arenaria Schaer., Urceolaria scruposa var. bryophila (Ehrh.) Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. cretacea Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. iridata A. Massal., Urceolaria scruposa var. minor (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Urceolaria scruposa var. parasitica Sommerf., Urceolaria scruposa var. plumbea Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. punctata H. Olivier, Urceolaria scruposa var. scruposa (Schreb.) Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. virella Clemente, Urceolaria scruposa var. vulgaris Schaer., Urceolariomyces scruposae Cif. & Tomas., Verrucaria scruposa (Schreb.) Hoffm.]
[Abacina alboatra (Hoffm.) Norman, Buellia alboatra (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Buellia alboatra f. alboatra (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Buellia alboatra f. muscicola Cretz., Buellia alboatra var. alboatra (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Buellia alboatra var. ambigua (Ach.) Th. Fr., Buellia alboatra var. athroa (Ach.) Th. Fr., Buellia alboatra var. caricae (Bagl.) Zahlbr., Buellia alboatra var. epipolioides J. Steiner, Buellia alboatra var. pulchra (Servít) Servít & Cern., Buellia alboatra var. subochracea Zahlbr., Buellia alboatra var. vulgata Th. Fr., Buellia alboatra var. zapotica Körb., Lecidea alboatra (Hoffm.) Chevall., Lecidea alboatra f. alboatra (Hoffm.) Chevall., Lecidea soreumidia Stirt., Lichen alboater Hoffm., Rhizocarpon alboatrum (Hoffm.) Anzi, Rhizocarpon alboatrum var. alboatrum (Hoffm.) Anzi, Rhizocarpon soreumidium (Stirt.) A.L. Sm., Verrucaria alboatra (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Verrucaria alboatra var. alboatra Kremp.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Buellia alboatra var. saxicola
[Buellia ambigua (Ach.) Malme]
[Buellia chlorophaea (Hepp ex Leight.) Lettau, Buellia chlorophaea var. chlorophaea (Hepp ex Leight.) Lettau, Buellia chlorophaea var. tenuis I.M. Lamb, Buellia myriocarpa var. chlorophaea (Hepp ex Leight.) Th. Fr., Buellia porphyrica (Arnold) Mong., Diplotomma porphyricum Arnold, Lecidea chlorophaea Hepp ex Leight., Lecidea porphyrica (Arnold) Stizenb., Rhizocarpon chlorophaeum (Hepp ex Leight.) Müll. Arg.]
source: Hafellner & Türk (1995)
[Buellia oidalea var. penichra Tuck., Buellia penichra (Tuck.) Hasse, Rhizocarpon penichrum (Tuck.) G. Merr.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Buellia oidalia var. penichra
[Buellia alboatra var. venusta (Körb.) Th. Fr., Buellia epipolia var. venusta (Körb.) Mong., Buellia lecanoroides H. Magn., Buellia margaritacea var. venusta (Körb.) Räsänen, Buellia venusta (Körb.) Lettau, Buellia venusta f. jutasi Gyeln., Buellia venusta f. pulchra Servít, Buellia venusta f. venusta (Körb.) Lettau]
[Biatora praerimata (Nyl.) Walt. Watson, Bilimbia stenhammarii (Fr.) Boistel, Dirina cyclosora Poelt & Nimis, Dirina immersa var. sorediata Müll.Arg., Dirina massiliensis f. aponina (A. Massal.) Tehler, Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata (Müll. Arg.) Tehler, Dirina patronii Bagl., Dirina repanda f. stenhammarii (Fr.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Dirina stenhammarii (Fr.) Poelt & Follmann, Dirinopsis massiliensis De Not., Lecanactis aponina (A. Massal.) Arnold, Lecanactis praerimata (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Lecanactis stenhammarii (Fr.) Arnold, Lecanora repanda (Fr.) Fr., Lecanora stenhammarii (Körb.) Jatta, Lecidea margaritacea var. conspurcata, Lecidea stenhammarii Fr., Lichen conspurcatus Sm., Pyrenotea aponina A. Massal., Secoliga repanda (Fr.) Norman, Urceolaria repanda (Fr.) Schaer., Variolaria conspurcata (Sm.) Turner & Borrer, Zeora stenhammarii Körb.]
reported as f. sorediata by Harris & Ladd (2005), source: Harris & Ladd (2005)
[Chiodecton paradoxum Fée, Dirina approximata subsp. hioramii (B. de Lesd.) Tehler, Dirina hioramii B. de Lesd., Platygrapha dirinea Nyl., Platygrapha psaroleucoides Stirt., Schismatomma dirineum (Nyl.) Räsänen, Schismatomma paradoxum (Fée) Zahlbr.]
[Dirinaria aegialita var. aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) B.J. Moore, Dirinaria aegiliata (Afzel. ex Ach.) B.J. Moore, Hagenia aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) Bagl., Lecanora aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) Ach., Parmelia aegialita Afzel. ex Ach., Physcia aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) Nyl., Physcia aegialita f. aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) Nyl., Physcia aegialita f. coccinea Lynge, Physcia aegialita var. aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) Nyl., Physcia aegialita var. obliterata B. de Lesd., Physcia aegialita var. saxicola Räsänen, Physcia aspera var. alutacea H. Magn., Physcia aspera var. aspera H. Magn.]
[Anaptychia applanata (Fée) A. Massal., Dirinaria consimilis var. ochracea D.D. Awasthi, Lecanora flavostraminea (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Parmelia applanata Fée, Parmelia redacta Stirt., Physcia applanata (Fée) Zahlbr., Physcia flavostramineum Müll.Arg., Placodium flavostramineum Müll.Arg.]
[Dimelaena confluens (Fr.) Trevis., Dirinaria confluens var. confluens (Fr.) D.D. Awasthi, Parmelia confluens Fr., Physcia confluens (Fr.) Nyl.]
[Lecanora frostii (Tuck.) Tuck., Physcia frostii (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Pyxine frostii (Tuck.) Tuck., Squamaria frostii Tuck.]
[Crocynia leopoldii Stein]
source: Kalb (2004a)
[Physcia papillulifera Nyl.]
[Dimelaena picta (Sw.) Trevis., Hagenia picta (Sw.) Bagl., Lichen pictus Sw., Lobaria picta (Sw.) Raeusch., Parmelia picta (Sw.) Ach., Parmelia plumosa Taylor, Physcia picta (Sw.) Nyl., Physcia picta f. coccinea Müll.Arg., Physcia picta f. erythrocardia (Tuck.) J.W. Thomson, Physcia picta f. isidiophora Nyl., Physcia picta f. picta (Sw.) Nyl., Physcia picta var. coccinea Müll.Arg., Physcia picta var. endochroma H. Magn. & D.D. Awasthi, Physcia picta var. erythrocardia Tuck., Physcia picta var. flavicans Müll.Arg., Physcia picta var. picta (Sw.) Nyl., Physcia plumosa (Taylor) Nyl., Pyxine picta (Sw.) Tuck., Pyxine picta var. erythrocardia Tuck., Squamaria picta (Sw.) Ach.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Pyxine picta var. erythrocardia
[Physcia aegialita f. obliterata B. de Lesd., Physcia purpurascens Vain.]
source: Harris (1995a)
source: Harris (1995a)
source: Harris (1995a)
[Usnea diffracta Vain.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Usnea diffracta
[Parmelia coralloidea var. longissima (Ach.) Spreng., Parmelia longissima (Ach.) Spreng., Usnea barbata var. longissima (Ach.) Schaer., Usnea longissima Ach., Usnea longissima f. longissima Ach., Usnea longissima subsp. longissima Ach., Usnea longissima var. longissima Ach.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Usnea longissima
[Graphis afzelii Ach., Graphis afzelii f. afzelii Ach., Graphis afzelii f. atroalba (Kremp.) Redinger, Graphis afzelii var. afzelii Ach., Graphis afzelii var. nivea (Fée) Vain.]
source: Staiger (2002)
[Neoechinodiscus lesdainii (Vouaux) R. Sierra & Molinari, Phacopsis lesdainii Vouaux]
source: Kocourková et al. (2010)
source: Lücking et al. (2007)
source: Sanders & Lücking (2015)
[Echinoplaca furcata subsp. furcata Sérus., Sipmanidea furcata (Sérus.) Xavier-Leite, M. Cáceres & Lücking]
source: Lücking et al. (2007)
[Calenia leucotrichoides Vain., Sporocybomyces leucotrichoides (Vain.) Xavier-Leite, M. Cáceres & Lücking, Sporocybomyces pulcher H. Maia]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Bezerroplaca lucernifera (Kalb & Vězda) Xavier-Leite, M. Cáceres & Lücking]
source: Lücking et al. (2007)
[Arthonia pellicula Müll.Arg., Arthonia pellicula f. pellicula Müll.Arg., Arthonia pellicula f. trichariosa Müll.Arg., Bacidia pellicula (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Patellaria pellicula (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking et al. (2007)
source: Lücking et al. (2007)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Alstrup & Cole (1998)
[Caloplaca constipans (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecanora constipans (Nyl.) Nyl., Placodium constipans Nyl., Polycauliona constipans (Nyl.) Hue, Thamnolia constipans (Nyl.) Gyeln., Thamnonoma constipans (Nyl.) Gyeln.]
[Aspicilia flavida (Hepp) Arnold, Aspicilia flavida f. flavida (Hepp) Arnold, Aspicilia flavida f. rufescens Arnold, Aspicilia micrantha Körb., Aspicilia ochracea (Anzi) W. Krause & Klem., Aspicilia polychroma var. ochracea Anzi, Lecanora flavida Hepp, Lecanora flavida f. athallina H. Magn., Lecanora flavida f. flavida Hepp, Lecanora flavida f. rufescens (Arnold) Mig., Lecanora flavida var. flavida Hepp, Lecanora flavida var. rufescens (Arnold) H. Magn., Lecanora polychroma f. ochracea (Anzi) Stizenb., Lecanora polychroma var. ochracea (Anzi) H. Magn., Patellaria ochracea (A. Massal.) Trevis., Urceolaria cinerea var. ochracea Schaer.]
[Lecidea flexella (Ach.) Hedl., Leptographa flexella (Ach.) M. Choisy, Limboria flexella Ach., Lithographa flexella (Ach.) Zahlbr., Patellaria flexella (Ach.) W. Phillips, Patinella flexella (Ach.) Sacc., Patinellaria flexella (Ach.) P. Karst., Peziza flexella (Ach.) Fr., Placographa flexella (Ach.) Th. Fr., Ptychographa flexella (Ach.) Coppins, Xylographa flexella (Ach.) Nyl.]
source: Spribille & Björk (2008)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Heuchert & Braun (2006)
[Collema bachmanianum (Fink) Degel., Collema bachmanianum var. bachmanianum (Fink) Degel., Collema pulposum f. granulatum, Collemodes bachmanianum Fink]
[Collema atrum F. Wilson, Collema coccophorum Tuck., Collema congestum F. Wilson, Collema dubium B. de Lesd., Collema novomexicanum B. de Lesd., Synechoblastus coccophorus (Tuck.) Fink, Synechoblastus congesta (F. Wilson) F. Wilson]
[Collema conglomeratum Hoffm., Collema conglomeratum var. conglomeratum Hoffm., Collema pycnocarpum Nyl., Gabura conglomerata (Hoffm.) Kuntze, Lethagrium conglomeratum (Hoffm.) Rabenh., Synechoblastus conglomeratus (Hoffm.) Körb., Synechoblastus cyrtaspis (Tuck.) Fink]
[Collema tenax var. expansum Degel.]
source: Jørgensen & Goward (2015)
[Collema glaucescens Hoffm., Collema limosum (Ach.) Ach., Collema pulposum var. limosum (Ach.) Mudd, Eucollema glaucescens (Hoffm.) Horw., Gabura limosa (Ach.) Kuntze, Lichen limosus Ach.]
[Collema melaenum var. polycarpon (Hoffm.) Nyl., Collema polycarpon Hoffm., Eucollema polycarpon (Hoffm.) Horw., Lethagrium polycarpon (Hoffm.) Arnold, Parmelia multifida var. polycarpon (Hoffm.) Schaer., Synechoblastus polycarpus (Hoffm.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Synechoblastus wyomingensis Fink ex J. Hedrick]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Collema melaenum var. plycarpon
[Collema tenax var. substellatum (H. Magn.) Degel.]
source: Jørgensen & Goward (2015)
[Collema auriculatum var. ceranoides (Borrer) Nyl., Collema ceranoides Borrer, Collema crispum subsp. ceranoides (Borrer) Nyl. ex Cromb., Collema crispum var. cristatulum Nyl. ex Cromb., Collema pulposum (Bernh.) Ach., Collema pulposum f. compactum, Collema pulposum f. hydrocharum, Collema pulposum f. papulosum Schaer., Collema pulposum f. pulposum (Bernh.) Ach., Collema pulposum var. ceranoides (Borrer) Leight., Collema pulposum var. compactum (Ach.) Nyl., Collema pulposum var. confertum Harm., Collema pulposum var. corallinum A. Massal., Collema pulposum var. cristatum, Collema pulposum var. diffractoareolatum Schaer., Collema pulposum var. ligerinum Hy, Collema pulposum var. pulposulum (Nyl.) Cromb., Collema pulposum var. pulposum (Bernh.) Ach., Collema pulposum var. tenax (Sw.) Nyl., Collema pulposum var. uniseptatum Zahlbr., Collema pulposum var. vulgare Schaer., Collema tenax (Sw.) Ach., Collema tenax f. tenax (Sw.) Ach., Collema tenax var. ceranoides (Borrer) Degel., Collema tenax var. corallinum (A. Massal.) Degel., Collema tenax var. coronatum Körb., Collema tenax var. tenax (Sw.) Ach., Collema tenax var. vulgare (Schaer.) Degel., Eucollema ceranoides (Borrer) Horw., Eucollema ceranoides f. ceranoides (Borrer) Horw., Eucollema ceranoides f. cristatulum (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Horw., Leptogium palmatum f. corallinum (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.]
[Dermatocarpon pusillum var. adscendens Anzi]
source: Breuss (2002a)
[Dermatocarpon pallidum (Ach.) Mudd, Endopyrenium pallidum (Ach.) Boistel, Paracarpidium pallidulum (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Verrucaria pallida (Ach.) Nyl.]
[Verrucaria petrolepidea Nyl.]
source: Knudsen (2005b)
[Dermatocarpon pulvinatum (Th. Fr.) Körb., Pyrenothamnia brandegeei (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Pyrenothamnia spraguei Tuck., Staurothele brandegeei Tuck., Staurothele pulvinata (Th. Fr.) Heiðm.]
[Dermatocarpon pusillum (Hedw.) Anzi, Dermatocarpon pusillum var. pusillum (Hedw.) Anzi, Dermatocarpon sorediatum (Borrer) Arnold, Dermatocarpon trapeziforme (J. König) Trevis., Endocarpon hedwigii (Ach.) Ach. nom. illegit., Endocarpon pusillum var. pusillum Hedw., Endocarpon sorediatum (Borrer) Hook., Endocarpon trapeziforme (J. König) Flagey, Endopyrenium pusillum (Hedw.) Schwend., Endopyrenium pusillum var. pallidum Körb., Endopyrenium pusillum var. pusillum Körb., Endopyrenium trapeziforme (J. König) Stein, Leightonia pusilla (Hedw.) Garov., Lichen trapeziformis J. König, Placidium trapeziforme (J. König) Arnold, Verrucaria sorediata Borrer, Verrucaria trapeziformis (J. König) Schrad.]
source: Breuss (2002a)
source: Breuss (2002a)
[Endococcus alpestris D. Hawksw., Endococcus apiciicola (J. Steiner) R. Sant., Sorothelia apicicola J. Steiner]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2008b)
[Mycoporum macrosporum (Hepp ex Arnold) Jatta, Tichothecium macrosporum Hepp ex Arnold]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner et al. (2002)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2009b)
[Tichothecium nanellum (Ohlert) Arnold]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner et al. (2002)
[Didymosphaeria fumosaria (Leight.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Endococcus perpusillus var. macrosporus (Hepp ex Arnold) H. Olivier, Endococcus perpusillus var. perpusillus Nyl., Endococcus rugulosus (Borrer ex Leight.) Nyl., Microthelia calcaricola Mudd, Microthelia rugulosa (Borrer ex Leight.) Mudd, Polycoccum fumosarium (Leight.) Arnold, Pyrenula perpusilla (Nyl.) Willey, Tichothecium calcaricola (Mudd) Arnold, Tichothecium calcaricola var. calcaricola (Mudd) Arnold, Tichothecium calcaricola var. sendtneri Arnold, Tichothecium perpusillum (Nyl.) Arnold, Tichothecium rugulosum Nyl. ex Arnold, Verrucaria calcaricola (Mudd) Leight., Verrucaria fumosaria Leight., Verrucaria larbalestieri Leight., Verrucaria rugulosa Borrer ex Leight.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Microthelia propinqua Körb.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Didymosphaeria fumosaria (Leight.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Endococcus perpusillus Nyl., Endococcus perpusillus var. macrosporus (Hepp ex Arnold) H. Olivier, Endococcus perpusillus var. perpusillus Nyl., Microthelia calcaricola Mudd, Microthelia rugulosa (Borrer ex Leight.) Mudd, Polycoccum fumosarium (Leight.) Arnold, Pyrenula perpusilla (Nyl.) Willey, Tichothecium calcaricola (Mudd) Arnold, Tichothecium calcaricola var. calcaricola (Mudd) Arnold, Tichothecium calcaricola var. sendtneri Arnold, Tichothecium perpusillum (Nyl.) Arnold, Tichothecium rugulosum Nyl. ex Arnold, Verrucaria calcaricola (Mudd) Leight., Verrucaria fumosaria Leight., Verrucaria larbalestieri Leight., Verrucaria rugulosa Borrer ex Leight.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2010b)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner et al. (2002)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Kocourková & Knudsen (2011)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner et al. (2002)
[Tichothecium zahlbrucknerellae Henssen]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Buellia disciformis var. ericina (Nyl.) Boistel, Buellia ericina Nyl., Buellia rappii Imshaug ex R.C. Harris, Endohyalina rappii (Imshaug ex R. C. Harris) Marbach, Lecidea ericina Nyl., Rinodina ericina (Nyl.) Giralt, Rinodina madeirensis Kalb & Hafellner]
[Rinodina ericina var. ericina (Nyl.) Giralt]
source: Giralt et al. (2010)
[Buellia saxatilis f. insularis Arnold, Rinodina insularis (Arnold) Hafellner]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Nadyeina et al. (2010)
[Buellia disciformis var. ericina (Nyl.) Boistel, Buellia ericina Nyl., Buellia rappii Imshaug ex R.C. Harris, Endohyalina ericina (Nyl.) Giralt, Van den Boom & Elix, Lecidea ericina Nyl., Rinodina ericina (Nyl.) Giralt, Rinodina madeirensis Kalb & Hafellner]
source: Marbach (2000)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014b)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014b)
[Chiodecton hutchinsiae (Leight.) Zahlbr., Opegrapha hutchinsiae (Leight.) Körb., Platygramma hutchinsiae Leight., Stigmatidium hutchinsiae (Leight.) Nyl.]
source: Sparrius (2004b)
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014b)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014b)
source: Sparrius & Björk (2008)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Morse (2013)
[Chiodecton pallidellum (Nyl.) Vain., Platygrapha pallidella Nyl.]
source: Seavey & Seavey (2012)
[Chiodecton subseriale Nyl., Fulvophyton subseriale (Nyl.) Ertz & Tehler, Stigmatidium subseriale (Nyl.) Nyl.]
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014a)
[Lecanactis zonata (Körb.) A. Massal., Opegrapha horistica (Leight.) P. Syd., Opegrapha horistica var. fuscidula Räsänen, Opegrapha horistica var. horistica (Leight.) Stein, Opegrapha zonata Körb., Verrucaria horistica Leight.]
source: Ertz et al. (2009)
[Dermatocarpon saxicola (B. de Lesd.) ined.]
Entosthelia saxicola B. de Lesd. should be transferred to Dermatocarpon.
[Pyrenula leucoplaca var. pluriloculata Fink]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Cornicularia hispidula Ach., Ephebe pubescens var. hispidula (Ach.) Gray, Ephebeia hispidula (Ach.) Nyl., Ephebeia hispidula subsp. hispidula (Ach.) Nyl., Ephebeia hispidula subsp. trachytera Nyl. ex Vain.]
[Alectoria lanata (Neck.) Nyl., Alectoria lanata f. lanata (Neck.) Nyl., Alectoria lanata var. lanata (Neck.) Nyl., Alectoria lanata var. parmelioides Cromb., Bryopogon lanatus (L.) M. Sat, Bryopogon lanatus var. lanatus (L.) M. Sat, Cetraria lanata (Neck.) Schaer., Cornicularia lanata (Neck.) Ach., Cornicularia lanata var. lanata (Neck.) Ach., Ephebeia hispidula subsp. martindalei (Cromb. ex Nyl.) Cromb., Ephebeia martindalei Cromb. ex Nyl., Imbricaria lanata (Neck.) Arnold, Imbricaria lanata var. lanata (Neck.) Arnold, Lichen exilis Lightf., Lichen jubatus var. lanatus Neck., Lichen lanatus L., Parmelia lanata (L.) Wallr., Parmelia lanata var. lanata (L.) Wallr., Usnea lanata (Neck.) Hoffm.]
[Diplodina sandstedei Zopf]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Scholz (1998)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Esslinger & Egan (1995)
[Aposphaeria stenospora Harm.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Pino-Bodas (2017), Seaward et al. (2017)
[Epicoccum agyrioides Corda, Epicoccum agyrium Corda nom. illegit., Epicoccum aleurophilum (Sacc.) Mussat nom. inval., Epicoccum diversisporum f. pseudoplatani Allesch., Epicoccum diversisporum var. pseudoplatani (Allesch.) Sacc. & Trotter, Epicoccum nigrum Link, Epicoccum nigrum var. agyroides (Corda) Sacc., Epicoccum pallescens (Rabenh.) Mussat nom. inval., Epicoccum purpurascens var. aleurophilum Sacc., Epicoccum purpurascens var. tabaci Pass., Epicoccum tabaci (Pass.) Mussat, Epicoccum versicolor var. nigrum (Link) Rabenh., Epicoccum versicolor var. pallescens Rabenh., Epicoccum versicolor var. purpurascens (Ehrenb. ex Schltdl.) Rabenh., Epicoccum versicolor var. virescens Rabenh., Epicoccum virescens (Rabenh.) Mussat nom. inval., Epicoccum vulgare Corda, Epicoccum vulgare var. pallescens (Rabenh.) Sacc., Epicoccum vulgare var. virescens (Rabenh.) Sacc., Phoma epicoccina Punith.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
source: Lendemer & Harris (2004)
[Vorarlbergia medioincrassata Grummann]
source: Fryday (2004a)
source: Buck & Harris (2002)
source: Spribille et al. (2010)
source: Buck & Harris (2002)
[Biatorina glauconigella (Nyl.) Arnold, Karschia glauconigella (Nyl.) Zopf, Lecidea glauconigella Nyl.]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: Zhurbenko (2009a)
[Buellia scabrosa (Ach.) A. Massal., Buellia scabrosa f. scabrosa (Ach.) A. Massal., Buellia scabrosa var. cinerascens Th. Fr., Buellia scabrosa var. scabrosa (Ach.) A. Massal., Catillaria scabrosa (Ach.) Boist., Ephebe scabrosus (Ach.) Clem., Karschia scabrosa (Ach.) Rehm, Lecidea scabrosa Ach., Lichen scabrosus (Ach.) Sm., Skolekites scabrosus (Ach.) Norman]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2012)
[Spilonema dendroides Henssen]
source: Spribille et al. (2014b)
[Lobaria mollissima Samp.]
[Erioderma boreale Ahlner]
[Illosporium aurantiacum Lasch, Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum (Lasch) Diederich & Schultheis, Marchandiomyces aurantiacus (Lasch) Diederich & Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hawksworth & Helcini (2015)
[Biatora prolifera Mont., Eschatogonia montagnei Trevis.]
source: Seavey et al. (2014)
[Cetraria idahoensis Essl.]
[Phaeosporobolus trypethelii Flakus & Kukwa]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Ertz et al. (2014)
[Biatora leucocheila (Tuck.) Tuck., Byssoloma leucocheilum (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Byssoloma wettsteinii (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr., Eugeniella wettsteinii (Zahlbr.) Lücking, Sérus. & Kalb, Lecidea leucocheila Tuck., Pilocarpon wettsteinii Zahlbr.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Biatora granatina (Sommerf.) Fr., Lecanora granatina Sommerf., Pannaria granatina (Sommerf.) Th. Fr., Parmelia granatina (Sommerf.) Fr., Pyrenopsidium granatinum (Sommerf.) Nyl., Pyrenopsis granatina (Sommerf.) Nyl.]
[Blennothallia haemalea (Sommerf.) Trevis., Collema haemaleum Sommerf., Euopsis haemalea (Sommerf.) Nyl., Lecidea pulvinata Schaer., Omphalaria pulvinata (Schaer.) Nyl., Omphalaria pulvinata var. laxa Müll.Arg., Omphalaria pulvinata var. pachyphylla Müll.Arg., Omphalaria pulvinata var. pulvinata (Schaer.) Nyl., Omphalaria pulvinata var. schleicheri Hepp, Omphalaria pulvinata var. teretiuscula Flagey, Pannaria haemalea (Sommerf.) A. Massal., Parmelia haemalea (Sommerf.) Fr., Pyrenopsidium pulvinata (Schaer.) Th. Fr., Pyrenopsis haemalea (Sommerf.) Norrl., Pyrenopsis pulvinata (Schaer.) Th. Fr., Pyrenopsis pulvinata f. extendens Nyl., Pyrenopsis pulvinata f. pulvinata (Schaer.) Hellb., Pyrenopsis pulvinata var. pulvinata (Schaer.) Hellb., Pyrenopsis pulvinata var. terrigenum Th. Fr.]
[Usnea flaccida Hoffm.]
[Borrera prunastri (L.) Sibth. & Sm., Evernia herinii P.A. Duvign., Evernia prunastri f. herinii (P.A. Duvign.) D. Hawksw., Evernia prunastri f. retusa (Ach.) Cromb., Evernia prunastri var. herinii (P.A. Duvign.) Maas Geest., Evernia prunastri var. prunastri (L.) Ach., Evernia prunastri var. stictoceros (Sm.) Ach., Evernia retusa (Ach.) Röhl., Evernia stictoceros (Sm. & Sowerby) Sm. & Sowerby, Lichen prunastri L., Lichen stictoceros Sm., Lobaria prunastri (L.) Hoffm., Parmelia mollis var. prunastri (L.) Schaer., Parmelia prunastri (L.) Ach., Parmelia prunastri var. prunastri (L.) Ach., Parmelia prunastri var. retusa Ach., Physcia prunastri (L.) DC., Physcia prunastri f. elongata Gand., Physcia prunastri f. prunastri (L.) DC., Platysma prunastri (L.) Frege, Ramalina prunastri (L.) Chevall.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Lecidea hypocrita A. Massal., Lecidea hypocrita var. ligans (Nyl.) Hertel, Lecidea lithospersa Zahlbr.]
[Biatora jurana (Schaer.) Hepp, Farnoldia jurana var. muverani (Müll. Arg.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux nom. inval., Haplocarpon albosuffusum (Th. Fr.) Choisy, Haplocarpon juranum (Schaer.) M. Choisy, Lecidea albosuffusa Th. Fr., Lecidea albosuffusa f. albomarginata Vain., Lecidea albosuffusa f. albosuffusa Th. Fr., Lecidea albosuffusa var. albosuffusa Th. Fr., Lecidea albosuffusa var. inferior (Nyl.) Vain., Lecidea albosuffusa var. nuda (Th. Fr.) Vain., Lecidea albosuffusa var. petrosa (Arnold) Vain., Lecidea jurana Schaer., Lecidea jurana var. bicincta Hertel, Lecidea jurana var. emergens (Flot.) Boistel, Lecidea jurana var. jurana Schaer., Lecidea jurana var. muscigena Vězda, Lecidea jurana var. muverani (Müll. Arg.) Hertel, Lecidea jurana var. muveranii (Müll. Arg.) Hertel, Lecidea jurana var. sublutescens (Nyl.) Hertel, Lecidea petrosa Arnold, Lecidea petrosa f. epicyanescens Vain., Lecidea petrosa f. epiporphyrea Vain., Lecidea petrosa f. petrosa Arnold, Lecidea petrosa var. nuda Th. Fr., Lecidea petrosa var. petrosa Arnold, Melanolecia jurana (Schaer.) Hertel, Melanolecia jurana subsp. jurana (Schaer.) Hertel, Melanolecia jurana var. bicincta (Hertel) Hertel, Melanolecia jurana var. jurana (Schaer.) Hertel, Melanolecia jurana var. muverani (Müll. Arg.) Hertel, Melanolecia jurana var. muveranii (Müll. Arg.) Hertel, Tremolecia jurana (Schaer.) Hertel, Tremolecia jurana var. jurana (Schaer.) Hertel, Tremolecia jurana var. sublutescens (Nyl.) Hertel]
[Lecidea rhaetica Th. Fr., Melanolecia micropsis (A. Massal.) Hertel, Tremolecia micropsis (A. Massal.) Hertel, Tremolecia nivalis (Anzi) Hertel]
source: Frisch et al. (2014)
[Bacidia aurantiaca Vězda]
[Bacidia bouteillei (Desm.) Hulting, Biatora bouteillei (Desm.) A. Massal., Biatorina bouteillei (Desm.) Bausch, Biatorina littorella (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Bilimbia bouteillei (Desm.) Hulting, Catillaria bouteillei (Desm.) Zahlbr., Catillaria bouteillei f. abieticola (Nyl.) Vain., Catillaria bouteillei f. bouteillei (Desm.) Zahlbr., Catillaria bouteillei f. degenerans Vain., Catillaria bouteillei f. hohenbuehelii (Poetsch) Vain., Lecanora bouteillei (Desm.) Harm., Lecidea bouteillei (Desm.) Nyl., Lecidea littorella Nyl., Parmelia bouteillei Desm.]
source: Morse & Ladd (2013)
source: Harris & Lendemer (2009)
source: Harris & Lendemer (2009)
[Bacidia floridana (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Biatora floridana Tuck., Bilimbia floridana (Tuck.) Riddle]
source: Harris & Lendemer (2009)
source: Harris & Lendemer (2009)
source: Harris & Lendemer (2009)
source: Harris & Lendemer (2009)
[Bacidia rhaphidophylli (Rehm) Zahlbr., Bilimbia rhaphidophylli Rehm, Mycobilimbia rhaphidophylli (Rehm) Sacc.]
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014a)
source: Harris & Lendemer (2009)
[Arthonia subtilis (Vězda) Vězda, Bacidia subtilis Vězda]
source: Goward et al. (1996)
[Bacidia buxi Vězda & Vivant, Bacidia gorgonea Vězda & Poelt, Bacidia myriocarpa Erichsen, Bacidia myrtillicola Erichsen, Bacidia myrtillicola f. badia Erichsen, Bacidia myrtillicola f. myrtillicola Erichsen, Bacidia nitschkeana var. perpusilloides Erichsen, Fellhanera myrtillicola (Erichsen) Hafellner]
source: Lendemer & Knudsen (2011)
[Bacidia vezdae Coppins & P. James, Fellhanera vezdae (Coppins & P. James) V. Wirth]
source: Tønsberg (1997)
[Fibrillithecis insignis (Zahlbr.) A. Frisch, Myriotrema insigne (Zahlbr.) Hale, Thelotrema insigne Zahlbr.]
source: Rivas Plata et al. (2010)
[Myriotrema halei (Tuck. & Mont.) Hale, Porina halei Tuck. & Mont., Thelotrema halei (Tuck. & Mont.) Zahlbr.]
source: Lücking et al. (2016)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Lendemer & Harris (2014a)
source: Lendemer & Harris (2014a)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Graphina cingalina (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Graphina columbina (Tuck.) M. Wirth & Hale, Graphina virginalis (Tuck.) Müll.Arg., Graphis columbina Tuck., Phaeographina columbina (Tuck.) Zahlbr.]
source: Staiger (2002)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Graphina cypressi Müll.Arg., Graphina glaucoderma var. cypressi (Müll. Arg.) Fink]
source: Lendemer (2007a)
[Graphis egena Nyl., Graphis egena f. egena Nyl.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Staiger & Kalb (2004)
source: Lendemer & Harris (2014a)
[Graphis illiterata R.C. Harris]
source: Lendemer & Knudsen (2008b)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Seavey et al. (2017)
[Graphina glaucoderma (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Graphina glaucoderma var. glaucoderma (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Graphina incrustans (Fée) Müll. Arg., Graphis glaucoderma Nyl., Graphis incrustans (Fée) Nyl., Phaeographina glaucoderma (Nyl.) Redinger, Phaeographina glaucoderma var. adpressa Redinger, Phaeographina glaucoderma var. glaucoderma (Nyl.) Redinger]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Graphis glaucoderma, source: Staiger (2002)
[Graphina babingtonii (Mont.) Zahlbr., Graphis babingtonii (Mont.) Tuck.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Graphis babingtoinii, source: Staiger (2002), Tripp et al. (2010)
[Graphis beaumontii Tuck., Graphis insidiosa (C. Knight & Mitten) Hook. f.]
source: Staiger (2002)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Graphina leuconephela (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Graphis leuconephela, source: Staiger (2002), Tripp et al. (2010)
[Graphina mexicana (Zahlbr.) V. Wirth & Hale]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Graphina nitidescens (Nyl.) Riddle, Graphis nitidescens Nyl.]
source: Staiger (2002)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Fissurina subcontexta (Nyl.) Nyl., Graphis robustior Müll.Arg., Graphis rufula (Trevisan) Mont., Graphis subcontexta Nyl.]
source: Staiger (2002)
[Graphina cinerea Fink, Graphina olivaceobrunnea Fink, Graphina scolecitis (Tuck.) Fink, Graphis scolecitis Tuck.]
North American records of Graphina adscribens belong here, source: Lendemer (2007a)
source: Lumbsch et al. (2011), Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Graphina subnitida (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Graphis subnitida Nyl.]
source: Staiger (2002), Tripp et al. (2010)
[Graphina subnitidiula (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Graphina subnitidula (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Graphis subnitidula Nyl.]
source: Staiger (2002)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Agonimia papillata (O.E. Erikss.) Diederich & Aptroot]
source: Hansen (2003), Perlmutter (2006)
[Allocetraria cucullata (Bellardi) Randlane & Saag, Cetraria cucullata (Bellardi) Ach., Cetraria cucullata f. crispata Rass., Cetraria cucullata f. cucullata (Bellardi) Ach., Cetraria cucullata f. humilis Savicz, Cetraria cucullata f. major Rass., Cetraria cucullata f. minuscula Elenkin & Savicz, Cetraria cucullata f. sorediata Schaer., Cetraria cucullata var. cucullata (Bellardi) Ach., Cetraria cucullata var. limbata Hillmann, Cetraria cucullata var. rahotnovii Oxner, Cetraria cucullata var. sorediata (Schaer.) Hillmann, Cetraria cucullata var. vainioi Räsänen, Lichen cucullatus Bellardi, Lobaria cucullata (Bellardi) Hoffm., Parmelia cucullata (Bellardi) Spreng., Physcia cucullata (Bellardi) DC., Platysma cucullatum (Bellardi) Hoffm.]
source: Zhurbenko et al. (2005)
[Allocetraria nivalis (L.) Randlane & Saag, Cetraria nivalis (L.) Ach., Cetraria nivalis f. nivalis (L.) Ach., Cetraria nivalis f. sorediifera Hasselrot, Cetraria nivalis f. suffruticosa Rass., Cetraria nivalis var. incumbens Trass, Cetraria nivalis var. nivalis (L.) Ach., Cetraria nivalis var. saviczii Rass., Lichen nivalis L., Lobaria nivalis (L.) Hoffm., Parmelia nivalis (L.) Spreng., Platysma nivale (L.) Frege]
[Parmelia baltimorensis Gyeln. & Fóriss, Pseudoparmelia baltimorensis (Gyeln. & Fóriss) Hale]
[Flavoparmelia caperata f. caperata (L.) Hale, Flavoparmelia caperata f. sorediosa (Müll. Arg.) S.Y. Kondr., Flavoparmelia caperata var. caperata (L.) Hale, Imbricaria caperata (L.) DC., Lichen caperatus L., Lobaria caperata (L.) Hoffm., Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach., Parmelia caperata f. caperata (L.) Ach., Parmelia caperata f. saxicola Müll.Arg., Parmelia caperata f. sorediosa Müll.Arg., Parmelia caperata var. caperata (L.) Ach., Parmelia caperata var. sorediosa F. Wilson, Parmelia flavicans (Tuck.) Herre nom. illegit., Parmelia herreana Zahlbr., Parmelia negativa Gyeln., Parmelia perlata subsp. flavicans Tuck., Parmelia perlata var. flavicans Tuck., Parmotrema caperatum (L.) M. Choisy, Platisma caperatum (L.) Hoffm., Pseudoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale]
[Biatora humosa f. argillacea (Kremp.) Oxner, Biatora uliginosa f. argillacea Kremp., Flavoparmelia jelineckii (Kremp.) Hale, Imbricaria caperatula (Nyl.) Jatta, Imbricaria subconspersa (Nyl.) Jatta, Parmelia caperata var. caperatula Nyl., Parmelia caperatula (Nyl.) Nyl., Parmelia confertula Stirt., Parmelia conspersa f. subconspersa (Nyl.) Kuan, Parmelia conspersa var. subconspersa (Nyl.) J. Steiner, Parmelia jelineckii Kremp., Parmelia rutidota Hook. f. & Taylor, Parmelia rutidota f. filizans Lynge, Parmelia rutidota f. rutidota Hook. f. & Taylor, Parmelia rutidota f. sorediosa Müll.Arg., Parmelia rutidota var. rutidota Hook. f. & Taylor, Parmelia rutidota var. vestita Zahlbr., Parmelia stenophylla var. subconspersa (Nyl.) Trass, Parmelia subcaperatula Nyl., Parmelia subconspersa var. submonophylla Asahina, Pseudoparmelia rutidota (Hook. f. & Taylor) Hale, Xanthoparmelia conspersa f. subconspersa (Nyl.) S.Y. Kondr.]
North American records of Parmelia conspersa var. subconspersa and Xanthoparmelia subconspersa belong here.
[Parmelia subcapitata Nyl. ex Hasse]
source: Knudsen et al. (2005)
[Caloplaca austrocitrina Vondrák, Říha, Arup & Søchting]
[Blastenia citrina (Hoffm.) B. de Lesd., Callopisma citrinum (Hoffm.) A. Massal., Caloplaca citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Caloplaca citrina f. citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Caloplaca citrina var. citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Caloplaca citrinella (Hoffm.) Hepp, Caloplaca incrustans var. citrina (Hoffm.) B. de Lesd., Lecanora citrina (Hoffm.) Ach., Lecidea citrina (Hoffm.) D. Dietr., Lichen citrinus (Hoffm.) Ach., Parmelia citrina (Hoffm.) Ach., Parmelia citrina var. citrina (Hoffm.) Ach., Placodium citrinum (Hoffm.) Hepp, Placodium citrinum f. citrinum (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Placodium citrinum var. citrinum (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Placodium citrinum var. vulcanica Räsänen, Pyrenodesmia citrina (Hoffm.) Trevis., Verrucaria citrina Hoffm.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Placodium citrinum
[Caloplaca citrina var. flavocitrina (Nyl.) Walt. Watson, Caloplaca flavocitrina (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Lecanora flavocitrina Nyl., Lecidea flavocitrina (Nyl.) Hue, Placodium citrinum f. flavocitrina (Nyl.) Walt. Watson, Placodium citrinum f. flavocitrinum (Nyl.) Walt. Watson]
[Amphiloma granulosum Müll. Arg., Caloplaca granulosa (Müll. Arg.) Jatta, Caloplaca granulosa f. granulosa (Müll. Arg.) J. Steiner, Caloplaca granulosa var. granulosa (Müll. Arg.) J. Steiner, Gasparrinia granulosa (Müll. Arg.) Syd., Gasparrinia granulosa f. flavovirens Szatala, Gasparrinia granulosa var. granulosa (Müll. Arg.) Syd., Physcia granulosa (Müll. Arg.) Arnold, Placodium granulosum (Müll. Arg.) Hepp, Placodium granulosum f. granulosum (Müll. Arg.) Hepp, Placodium granulosum f. intestinalis Räsänen, Placodium granulosum var. granulosum (Müll. Arg.) Hepp]
[Caloplaca marina (Wedd.) Zahlbr., Caloplaca marina f. marina (Wedd.) Zahlbr., Caloplaca marina subsp. marina Wedd., Caloplaca marina var. flavogranulata Wedd., Caloplaca marina var. marina Wedd., Gasparrinia marina (Wedd.) Hav., Lecanora marina (Wedd.) Wedd., Physcia marina var. marina (Wedd.) Arnold, Placodium marinum (Wedd.) H. Olivier]
[Caloplaca microthallina (Wedd.) Zahlbr., Caloplaca obliterascens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecanora microthallina (Wedd.) Wedd., Lecanora obliterascens Nyl., Physcia microthallina (Wedd.) Arnold, Placodium microthallinum (Wedd.) H. Olivier, Placodium obliterascens (Nyl.) H. Olivier]
[Flavopunctelia darrowi (J.W. Thomson) Hale, Parmelia darrowii J.W. Thomson, Punctelia darrowii (J.W. Thomson) Krog]
[Parmelia andreana Müll. Arg., Parmelia andreana f. andreana Müll. Arg., Parmelia andreana var. andreana Müll. Arg., Parmelia andreana var. isidiata Beschel, Parmelia flaventior Stirt., Parmelia flaventior var. flaventior Stirt., Parmelia flaventior var. isidiata (Beschel) Grummann, Parmelia kernstockii Lynge & Zahlbr., Punctelia flaventior (Stirt.) Krog]
[Parmelia caperata var. incorrupta (J.P. Moore) E.C. Berry, Parmelia incorrupta J.P. Moore, Parmelia praesignis Nyl., Punctelia praesignis (Nyl.) Krog]
[Parmelia dubia var. ulophyllodes Vain., Parmelia manshurica Asahina, Parmelia soredica Nyl., Parmelia ulophyllodes (Vain.) Savicz, Punctelia soredica (Nyl.) Krog]
[Opegrapha filicina Mont., Opegrapha filicina var. brevis Müll. Arg., Opegraphella filicina (Mont.) Müll. Arg.]
source: Frisch et al. (2014)
[Lecidea arctica Sommerf., Lecidea arctica f. arctica Sommerf., Lecidea arctica f. nuda Vain., Lecidea arctica f. pruinosa Vain., Lecidea caesioatra Schaer., Lecidea caesioatra f. caesioatra Schaer., Lecidea caesioatra f. nuda (Vain.) Vain., Lecidea caesioatra f. pruinosa (Vain.) Vain., Lecidella arctica (Sommerf.) Körb., Lecidella caesioatra (Schaer.) Kalb]
source: Kalb (1994)
[Biatora furfuracea Anzi, Biatora pullata Norman, Frutidella pullata (Norman) Schmull, Lecidea amaurospoda (Anzi) Vainio, Lecidea anziana Zahlbr., Lecidea furfuracea (Anzi) Jatta, Lecidea pullata (Norman) Th. Fr., Lecidea pullata f. perobscurans (Nyl.) Vain., Lecidea pullata f. pullata (Norman) Th. Fr., Lecidea pullata var. impullata Vain., Lecidea pullata var. normanii Vain., Lecidea pullata var. pullata (Norman) Th. Fr.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syns.: Biatora pullata, Lecidea pullata, Frutidella furfuracea, source: Svensson et al. (2017)
[Biatora furfuracea Anzi, Biatora pullata Norman, Frutidella furfuracea (Anzi) M. Westb. & M. Svenss., Lecidea amaurospoda (Anzi) Vainio, Lecidea anziana Zahlbr., Lecidea furfuracea (Anzi) Jatta, Lecidea pullata (Norman) Th. Fr., Lecidea pullata f. perobscurans (Nyl.) Vain., Lecidea pullata f. pullata (Norman) Th. Fr., Lecidea pullata var. impullata Vain., Lecidea pullata var. normanii Vain., Lecidea pullata var. pullata (Norman) Th. Fr.]
source: Schmull et al. (2011)
[Hypocenomyce oligospora Timdal]
source: Bendiksby & Timdal (2013)
[Hypocenomyce sierrae Timdal]
source: Bendiksby & Timdal (2013)
[Dirina calcicola Sparrius]
source: Tehler et al. (2013)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Spribille et al. (2010)
source: Fryday (2008)
source: Fryday (2008)
[Fuscidea gothoburgensis f. maculosa (H. Magn.) Poelt, Lecidea gothoburgensis H. Magn., Lecidea gothoburgensis f. gothoburgensis H. Magn., Lecidea gothoburgensis f. maculosa H. Magn.]
source: Fryday (2006)
[Aspicilia atlantica (H. Magn.) Räsänen, Aspicilia intercincta (Nyl.) Walt. Watson, Fuscidea atlantica (H. Magn.) P. James & Poelt, Fuscidea decincta (Nyl.) Oberholl. & V. Wirth, Lecanora atlantica H. Magn., Lecanora decincta Nyl., Lecanora intercincta Nyl.]
[Lecidea lowensis H. Magn.]
[Biatora mollis (Wahlenb.) Arnold, Biatora rivulosa var. mollis (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr., Lecidea mollis (Wahlenb.) Nyl., Lecidea mollis f. glaucoma Vain., Lecidea mollis f. mollis (Wahlenb.) Nyl., Lecidea mollis f. trapezoides Vain., Lecidea mollis subsp. caesioalbescens (H. Magn.) Vain., Lecidea mollis subsp. mollis (Wahlenb.) Nyl., Lecidea mollis var. caesioalbescens H. Magn., Lecidea mollis var. mollis (Wahlenb.) Nyl., Lecidea mollis var. scrupulosa (Eckfeldt) Degel., Lecidea rivulosa var. mollis Wahlenb.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Biaora rivulosa var. mollis
[Lecidea praeruptorum Du Rietz & H. Magn.]
[Fuscidea curvula (H. Magn.) Hertel, Lecidea curvula H. Magn., Lecidea recensa Stirt., Lecidea recensa f. recensa Stirt.]
[Biatora arcuatula Arnold, Fuscidea arcuatula (Arnold) V. Wirth & Vězda, Lecidea arcuatula (Arnold) Nyl., Lecidea arcuatula f. arcuatula (Arnold) Nyl., Lecidea recensa f. arcuatula (Nyl.) I.M. Lamb]
source: Fryday (2008)
[Biatora scrupulosa Eckfeldt, Lecidea kochiana var. subreagens H. Magn., Lecidea scrupulosa (Eckf.) H. Magn.]
source: Fryday (2008)
source: Fryday (2008)
source: Brodo & Wirth (1998)
[Pannaria ahlneri P.M. Jørg.]
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
[Parmeliella cheiroloba Müll.Arg.]
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
[Pannaria cyanolepra Tuck., Pannaria lepidiota var. cyanolepra (Tuck.) Tuck., Parmeliella cyanolepra (Tuck.) Herre]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Pannaria lepidiota var. cyanolepra, source: Jørgensen (2000c)
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
[Pannaria laceratula Hue, Steineropsis laceratula (Hue) T. Sprib. & S. Ekman]
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
[Pannaria leucosticta Tuck., Pannaria leucosticta var. isidiopsis Nyl., Pannaria leucosticta var. leucosticta Tuck., Pannularia leucosticta (Tuck.) Stizenb.]
[Pannaria leucostictoides Ohlsson]
[Pannaria maritima P.M. Jørg.]
[Pannaria mediterranea Tav.]
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
[Lecidea carnosa var. lepidiota Sommerf., Pannaria lepidiota (Sommerf.) Th. Fr., Pannaria lepidiota f. lepidiota (Sommerf.) Th. Fr., Pannaria lepidiota f. primaria Vain., Pannaria lepidiota f. sorediosa Vain., Pannaria lepidiota var. corallophora Tuck., Pannaria praetermissa Nyl., Pannularia lepidiota (Sommerf.) Stizenb., Parmeliella lepidiota (Sommerf.) Vain., Parmeliella lepidiota f. lepidiota (Sommerf.) Vain., Parmeliella lepidiota f. neotristis Gyeln., Parmeliella lepidiota f. praetermissa (Nyl.) Gyeln., Parmeliella lepidiota f. primaria (Vain.) Gyeln., Parmeliella lepidiota f. sorediosa (Vain.) Gyeln., Parmeliella praetermissa (Nyl.) P. James, Trachyderma praetermissum (Nyl.) Trevis.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Pannaria lepidiota var. corallophora
[Pannaria pulveracea P.M. Jørg. & Henssen]
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
source: Jørgensen (2000c)
source: Jørgensen & Zhurbenko (2002)
[Arctomia fascicularis (L.) Otálora & Wedin, Arctomia fascicularis var. colensoi (C. Bab.) de Lange, Arctomia fascicularis var. microcarpa, Collema aggregatum (Ach.) Röhl., Collema aggregatum f. aggregatum (Ach.) Röhl., Collema aggregatum f. excludens Nyl. nom. inval., Collema aggregatum var. aggregatum (Ach.) Röhl., Collema ascaridosporum (A. Massal.) Degel., Collema fasciculare (L.) F. H. Wigg., Collema fasciculare var. aggregatum Ach., Collema fasciculare var. colensoi C. Bab., Collema fasciculare var. fasciculare (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg., Collema fasciculare var. microcarpum (Müll. Arg.) Degel., Collema microcarpum (Müll. Arg.) Shirley, Collema nigrescens var. fasciculare (L.) Flot., Collema rupestre f. fasciculare (L.) Bosch, Collema rupestre var. fasciculare (L.) Rabenh., Collema vespertilio var. fasciculare (L.) Flot., Enchylium fasciculare (L.) Gray, Enchylium fasciculare var. aggregatum (Ach.) Gray, Enchylium fasciculare var. fasciculare (L.) Gray, Gabura aggregata (Ach.) Kuntze, Gabura fascicularis var. colensoi (C. Bab.) de Lange & M. Ford, Gabura fascicularis var. microcarpa (Müll. Arg.) de Lange & M. Ford, Lathagrium aggregatum (Ach.) M. Choisy, Lathagrium ascaridosporum A. Massal., Lathagrium fasciculare (L.) A. Massal., Lichen fascicularis L., Parmelia fascicularis (L.) Ach., Parmelia nigrescens var. fascicularis (L.) Schaer., Parmelia rupestris var. fascicularis (L.) Schaer., Synechoblastus aggregatus (Ach.) Th. Fr., Synechoblastus aggregatus var. aggregatus (Ach.) Th. Fr., Synechoblastus aggregatus var. colensoi (C. Bab.) Müll. Arg., Synechoblastus ascaridosporus (A. Massal.) Zwackh, Synechoblastus fascicularis (L.) A.L. Sm., Synechoblastus microcarpus Müll.Arg.]
source: Jørgensen (2014)
[Fayodia leucophylla (A. Gillet) M. T. Lange]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Bigelow (1983)
[Fayodia striatula (Kuhner) Singer]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Raitelhuber (1983)
[Buellia caloosensis Tuck., Buellia catasema (Tuck.) Tuck., Buellia catasema var. catasema (Tuck.) Tuck.]
source: Marbach (2000)
[Buellia pachnidisca R.C. Harris, Buellia subpulcella Vain.]
source: Marbach (2000)
[Strigula sychnogonoides (Nitschke) R.C. Harris, Verrucaria sychnogonoides (Nitschke) Stizenb.]
[Hypomyces geoglossi Ellis & Everh.]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: Diederich et al. (2010)
[Biatora leptostigma (Nyl.) Walt. Watson, Biatora leptostigma var. leptostigma (Nyl.) Walt. Watson, Biatora leptostigma var. propagulifera (Vain.) Räsänen, Biatora leptostigma var. sorediosa (Vain.) Räsänen, Lecidea associata Th. Fr., Lecidea leptostigma Nyl., Lithographa andrewii Stirt., Nesolechia associata (Th. Fr.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Nesolechia associata var. associata (Th. Fr.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Nesolechia associata var. diversispora (Grélet) Keissl., Nesolechia leptostigma (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Xylographa andrewii (Stirt.) Redinger]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Myriotrema glaucophaenum (Kremp.) Hale, Ocellularia glaucophaena (Kremp.) Zahlbr. 1923, Thelotrema glaucophaenum Kremp.]
source: Rivas Plata et al. (2012)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
source: Schultz (2002c)
source: Knudsen et al. (2017)
[Graphina atrofusca Müll.Arg., Graphis ferrugineodisca F. Seavey & J. Seavey]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#22): syn.: Graphis ferrugineodisca, source: Lücking et al. (2011b), Lücking & Kalb (2018)
[Glyphis achariana Tuck., Glyphis confluens Zenker, Glyphis favulosa Ach.]
[Graphina cupulicarpa Redinger, Gymnotrema atratum (Fée) Nyl., Gyrostomum scyphuliferum (Ach.) Nyl., Gyrostomum scyphuliferum var. macrosporum B. de Lesd., Gyrostomum scyphuliferum var. scyphuliferum (Ach.) Nyl., Lecanactis obfirmata Nyl., Lecidea scyphulifera Ach., Phaeographina obfirmata (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Thelotrema atratum Fée]
source: Staiger (2002), Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Graphina substriatula (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
source: Staiger (2002), Tripp et al. (2010)
[Acarospora rhagadiosa (Ach.) Th. Fr., Acarospora saxicola Fink ex J. Hedrick, Acarospora scabra (Pers.) Th. Fr., Glypholecia scabra var. scabra (Pers.) Müll.Arg., Lecanora rhagadiosa Ach., Lecanora scabra (Pers.) Vain., Lecanora scabra var. canasiacensis Hue, Lecanora scabra var. scabra (Pers.) Vain., Urceolaria scabra Pers.]
[Baeomyces calycioides Delise ex Duby, Baeomyces microcephalus Taylor, Berengeria calicioides (Delise ex Duby) A. Massal., Gomphillus calycioides f. calycioides (Delise ex Duby) Nyl., Gomphillus calycioides f. microcephalus (Taylor) Nyl., Mycetodium calicioides (Delise ex Duby) A. Massal.]
source: Buck (1998)
[Alectoria gowardii Lumbsch]
[Alectoria boryana Delise, Alectoria nigricans (Ach.) Nyl., Alectoria nigricans f. goemerensis Gyeln., Alectoria nigricans f. nigricans (Ach.) Nyl., Alectoria nigricans f. subchalybeiformis Räsänen, Alectoria nigricans var. nigricans (Ach.) Nyl., Alectoria nigricans var. thulensis (Th. Fr.) Vain., Alectoria thulensis Th. Fr., Bryopogon nigricans (Ach.) Gyeln., Bryopogon nigricans f. goemerensis (Gyeln.) Gyeln., Bryopogon nigricans f. nigricans (Ach.) Gyeln., Bryopogon nigricans f. thulensis (Th. Fr.) Gyeln., Cornicularia ochroleuca var. nigricans Ach.]
[Microthelia hymnothora (Ach.) Trevis., Sphaeria bignoniae Schwein., Verrucaria hymnothora Ach.]
[Allographa acharii (Fée) Lücking & Kalb, Graphina acharii (Fée) Müll. Arg., Graphis rigida f. acharii (Fée) Nyl., Graphis rigida var. acharii (Fée) Kremp., Opegrapha acharii (Fée) Mont.]
Presence in North America uncertain (Tripp et al. 2010).
[Opegrapha anfractuosa (Eschw.) Mont., Scaphis anfractuosa Eschw.]
[Graphina antillarum (Vain.) Zahlbr.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Allographa argentata (Lücking & Umaña) Lücking & Kalb]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Allographa rhizicola (Fée) Lücking & Kalb, Graphis assimilis f. assimilis Nyl., Graphis rhizicola (Fée) Lücking & Chaves, Graphis scripta var. assimilis Tuck. nom. illegit., Opegrapha rhizicola Fée]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2011)
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2011)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2011)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2011)
[Opegrapha desquamescens Fée]
[Graphina disserpens (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Graphina disserpens var. disserpens (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Aulacographa elegans Leight., Graphis elegans f. coacervata Leight., Graphis elegans f. parallela (Schaer.) Nyl., Graphis elegans f. simplicior Cromb. ex W. Johnson, Graphis elegans f. stellata Leight., Graphis petrina Nyl., Opegrapha elegans Borrer ex Sm., Opegrapha elegans var. elegans Borrer ex Sm., Opegrapha elegans var. parallela Schaer., Phaeographis ramificans (Nyl.) Lettau]
source: Seavey & Seavey (2011)
[Allographa elongata (Zenker) Lücking & Kalb, Graphis elongata var. elongata Vain.]
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Lücking (2009)
[Phaeographis eulectra (Tuck.) Zahlbr.]
[Glyphis atrofusca (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, Graphina atrofusca Müll.Arg.]
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2011)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2011)
[Graphis bulacana Vain.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2011)
source: Lendemer (2010b)
source: Lendemer (2010b)
source: Lendemer (2010b)
[Opegrapha intricata Mont.]
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
[Graphis rigidula Müll.Arg.]
[Allographa longula (Kremp.) Lücking & Kalb, Phaeographis longula (Kremp.) Zahlbr.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Allographa lumbricina (Vain.) Lücking & Kalb]
source: Seavey & Seavey (2011)
[Enterographa elongata (Zahlbr.) Redinger, Graphina elongata Zahlbr.]
source: Seavey & Seavey (2011)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Seavey et al. (2014)
[Allographa pavoniana (Fée) Lücking & Kalb]
North American reports uncertain., source: Lendemer (2010b)
source: Lücking & McCune (2012)
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Lendemer (2010b)
source: Tucker (1981)
[Allographa pseudocinerea (Lücking & Umaña) Lücking & Kalb]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Seavey et al. (2014)
[Graphina renschiana Müll.Arg.]
source: Seavey & Seavey (2011)
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