Consortium of Lichen Herbaria
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Lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental US & Canada (Version 22)
Taxa explicitly excluded: Erroneous reports of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi from North America (version #22)
Citation: This version (Version #22, 29 January 2018) of the checklist is being simultaneously published online by North Dakota State University, and in Opuscula Philolichenum 17: 6-268.
Locality: Continental United States of America and Canada
Abstract:
Version 22 of the checklist of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi occurring in North America north of Mexico is presented. It includes a total of 5,561 species in 755 genera, with an additional 41 subspecies, 44 varieties, and 3 forms. The total species number includes 615 lichenicolous fungi, 107 saprophytic fungi related to lichens or to lichenicolous fungi, and another 53 species of varying and/or uncertain biological status.
Please click here to download the Reference List as a PDF.
PLEASE NOTE: Version #23 has recently been published on 19 September 2019; the current list here is now being updated.
Notes: The original checklist and its previous versions is available online at this website of North Dakota State University.
Families: 173
Genera: 764
Species: 5560
Total Taxa: 5600
[Huriopsis lepida (Nyl.) S.Y. Kondr. & Lőkös, Lecanora lepida Nyl., Lecidea lepida Nyl., Rinodina flavonigella Tuck.]
source: Sheard & Mayrhofer (2002)
[Buellia luridata Körb., Rinodina euryspora Zahlbr.]
source: Sheard & Mayrhofer (2002)
[Rinodina applanata H. Magn., Rinodina haplosporoides Müll.Arg., Rinodina neglecta Aptroot, Rinodina prasina Müll.Arg.]
source: Sheard (2010)
source: Sheard et al. (2011)
[Lecanora sophodes var. lecideina Nyl., Rinodina consocians H. Magn., Rinodina exigua f. lecideina (Nyl.) Th. Fr., Rinodina metaboliza f. evoluta H. Magn., Rinodina phaeostigmella H. Magn.]
[Lecanora milvina (Wahlenb.) Ach., Lichen milvinus (Wahlenb.) Wahlenb., Pachysporaria milvina (Wahlenb.) M. Choisy, Parmelia milvina Wahlenb.]
[Lecanora mniaraea Ach., Lecanora mniaroeiza Nyl., Pachysporaria mniaraea (Ach.) M. Choisy, Rinodina cinnamomea (Th. Fr.) Räsänen, Rinodina mniaraea (Ach.) Körb., Rinodina mniaraea var. cinnamomea Th. Fr., Rinodina mniaraea var. mniaroeiza (Nyl.) H. Magn., Rinodina mniaraeiza (Nyl.) Arnold]
source: Resl et al. (2016)
[Buellia notabilis Lynge, Buellia parvula (H. Mayrhofer & Poelt) H. Mayrhofer & Scheid., Rinodina parvula H. Mayrhofer & Poelt]
source: Sheard (2010)
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens., source: Sheard (2010)
source: Sheard et al. (2012)
[Rinodina sophodes f. oleae (Bagl.) Arnold, Rinodina sophodes var. oleae (Bagl.) Bagl.]
source: Sheard (2010)
[Rinodina arctica H. Magn.]
source: Mayrhofer & Sheard (2007)
[Berengeria oxydata A. Massal., Buellia discolor (Hepp) Anzi, Buellia discolor var. discolor (Hepp) Anzi, Lecidea discolor Hepp, Mischoblastia oxydata A. Massal., Rinodina biatorina Körb., Rinodina discolor (Hepp) Arnold, Rinodina discolor var. discolor (Hepp) Arnold, Rinodina subarenaria A.L. Sm.]
source: Sheard & Mayrhofer (2002)
source: Sheard et al. (2014)
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens.
source: Sheard & Mayrhofer (2002)
source: Sheard (2011)
source: Sheard (2004)
[Berengeria polyspora (Th. Fr.) Trevis., Pleorinis polyspora (Th. Fr.) Clem.]
source: Sheard (2010)
[Lecanora pyrina (Ach.) Röhl., Lichen pyrinus Ach.]
[Buellia rinodinoides Anzi, Lecidea rinodinoides (Anzi) Stizenb.]
source: Sheard (2004)
source: Sheard (1998)
[Rinodina thomsonii Sheard]
[Rinodina hyperborea H. Magn.]
source: Sheard (2010)
[Rinodina annulata H. Magn., Rinodina erumpens H. Magn., Rinodina halei H. Magn.]
[Lecanora subpariata Nyl., Rinodina degeliana Coppins]
source: Resl. et al. (2016)
[Lecanora tephraspis Tuck.]
source: Zhurbenko et al. (2006)
source: Sheard et al. (2011)
[Psora trevisanii Hepp, Rinodina archaea f. cinerascens H. Magn., Rinodina convexula H. Magn., Rinodina laevigata f. subathallina H. Magn., Rinodina lignaria H. Magn, Rinodina norrlandica H. Magn.]
source: Sheard (2004)
[Berengeria turfacea (Wahlenb.) Trevis., Lecanora sophodes var. cinereovirens Vain., Lecanora sophodes var. turfacea (Wahlenb.) Link, Lecanora turfacea (Wahlenb.) Ach., Lichen turfaceus Wahlenb., Pachysporaria turfacea (Wahlenb.) M. Choisy, Parmelia sophodes f. turfacea (Wahlenb.) Fr., Parmelia sophodes var. turfacea (Wahlenb.) Fr., Parmelia turfacea (Wahlenb.) Spreng., Psora turfacea (Wahlenb.) Hepp, Rinodina archaea var. cinereovirens (Vain.) Vain., Rinodina laevigata var. cinereovirens (Vain.) Malme, Rinodina sophodes f. cinereovirens (Vain.) Blomb. & Forssell, Rinodina sophodes var. cinereovirens (Vain.) Vain., Rinodina turfacea var. cinereovirens (Vain.) H. Mayrhofer]
source: Freebury (2014)
source: Sheard & Mayrhofer (2002)
source: Sheard (2010)
source: Sheard (1995)
[Johnsheardia zwackhiana (Kremp.) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt & A. Thell, Lecanora zwackhiana Kremp., Rinodina violascens H. Magn.]
[Roccella babingtonii Mont., Roccella difficilis Darb., Roccella humboldtiana Follmann, Roccella mexicana Vain., Roccella montagnei var. peruensis Kremp., Roccella peruensis (Kremp.) Darb.]
source: Tehler (2006)
[Pannaria crossophylla Nyl., Parmeliella crossophylla (Tuck.) G. Merr. & Burnham, Santessoniella crossophylla (Tuck.) P.M. Jørg.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Lendemer et al. (2017), Jørgensen (2000c, 2005)
[Biatora petrii Tuck., Lecidea lurida (Ach.) DC., Lecidea lurida var. americana (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr., Lecidea lurida var. lurida Ach., Lecidea petri (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Lecidea petrii (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Mycobilimbia lurida (Ach.) Hafellner & Türk, Psora lurida (With.) DC., Psora lurida var. americana B. de Lesd., Psora lurida var. lurida (Dill. ex With.) DC., Psora petrii (Tuck.) Fink]
source: Timdal (2007)
[Bacidia chlorantha (Tuck.) Fink, Biatora chlorantha Tuck.]
[Fuscidea hibernica P. James & Poelt]
[Bacidia lugubris (Sommerf.) Zahlbr., Biatora lugubris (Fr.) Hepp, Bilimbia caudata (Nyl.) Fink, Bilimbia lugubris (Sommerf.) Th. Fr., Fuscidea lugubris (Sommerf.) P. James & Purvis, Fuscidea lugubris f. lugubris (Sommerf.) P. James & Purvis, Lecidea caudata Nyl., Lecidea lugubris Fr., Psora lugubris (Fr.) A. Massal., Psorotichia lugubris (A. Massal.) Arnold, Psorotichia lugubris var. gelatinosa Walt. Watson, Psorotichia lugubris var. lugubris (A. Massal.) Arnold, Pyrenocarpon lugubre (A. Massal.) Trevis., Pyrenopsis lugubris (A. Massal.) Nyl., Ropalospora lugubris f. lugubris (Sommerf.) Poelt, Schaereria lugubris (Fr.) Körb., Skolekites lugubris (Sommerf.) Norman, Stenhammara lugubris A. Massal., Toninia lugubris (Sommerf.) Th. Fr.]
[Fuscidea viridis Tønsberg]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Etayo & Breuss (1998)
[Adelococcus cladoniae (Anzi) Keissl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Guignardia microthelia (Wallr.) Keissl. nom. inval., Laestadia microthelia (Wallr.) Vouaux, Physalospora microthelia (Wallr.) G. Winter, Verrucaria microthelia Wallr.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Kocourková (2007)
[Adelococcus nephromatis (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) D. Hawksw., Adelococcus nephromicola Dughi, Sphaeria nephromatis P. Crouan & H. Crouan]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Goward et al. (1996)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Laursen (2003)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko et al. (2009)
[Didymosphaeria gelidarium (Mudd) A.L. Sm., Polycoccum gelidarium (Mudd) D. Hawksw., Sphaeria gelidaria Mudd, Tichothecium gelidarium (Mudd) Berl. & Voglino]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Orbicula tartaricola (Nyl. ex Leight.) Cooke, Sphaeria tartaricola Nyl. ex Leight., Synaptospora tartaricola (Nyl. ex Leight.) Cain]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner (2004e)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Lendemer & Harris (2014b)
[Endococcus haplosporus Th. Fr. & Almq., Muellerella haplospora (Th. Fr. & Almq.) Arnaud, Roselliniella haplospora (Th. Fr. & Almq.) Hafellner]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Lendemer & Harris (2012)
[Roselliniella kalbii Hafellner]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Kalb et al. (1995)
[Collema callibotrys Tuck.]
[Collema arcticum Lynge, Collema ceraniscum Nyl., Eucollema ceraniscum (Nyl.) Horw.]
[Collema occultatum Bagl., Leptogium occultatum (Bagl.) Zahlbr., Leptogium occultatum var. occultatum]
[Collema quadrifidum D. F. Stone & McCune, Scytinium quadrifidum (D.F. Stone & McCune) A. Košuth. & Wedin]
source: McCune et al. (2014b)
[Biatora ferruginea var. festiva (Ach.) Fr., Blastenia arenaria (Pers.) A. Massal., Blastenia craspedia (Ach.) B. de Lesd., Blastenia erythrocarpa (Ach.) Körb., Blastenia erythrocarpia (Ach.) Körb., Blastenia festiva (Ach.) A. Massal., Blastenia lamprocheila (DC.) Arnold, Callopisma arenarium (Pers.) Trevis., Callopisma ferrugineum var. festivum (Ach.) Mudd, Callopisma festivum (Ach.) Bagl., Callopisma lamprocheilum (DC.) Trevis., Caloplaca arenaria (Pers.) Müll. Arg., Caloplaca arenaria f. arenaria (Pers.) Müll. Arg., Caloplaca arenaria var. arenaria (Pers.) Müll. Arg., Caloplaca craspedia (Ach.) Szatala, Caloplaca erythrocarpia (Ach.) Zwackh, Caloplaca erythrocarpia f. erythrocarpia (Ach.) Zwackh, Caloplaca erythrocarpia var. erythrocarpia (Ach.) Zwackh, Caloplaca ferruginascens (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Caloplaca ferruginea var. festiva (Ach.) Th. Fr., Caloplaca festiva (Ach.) Zwackh, Caloplaca festiva f. festiva (Ach.) Zwackh, Caloplaca festiva var. festiva (Ach.) Zwackh, Caloplaca lamprocheila (DC.) Flagey, Caloplaca lamprocheila f. lamprocheila (DC.) Flagey, Caloplaca pyracea var. picta (Taylor) H. Olivier, Gasparrinia erythrocarpia (Ach.) Tornab., Gasparrinia ferruginea var. festiva (Ach.) Tornab., Lecanora arenaria (Pers.) Röhl., Lecanora ferruginascens Nyl., Lecanora ferruginea f. festiva (Ach.) Nyl., Lecanora ferruginea var. festiva (Ach.) Nyl., Lecanora lamprocheila (DC.) Nyl., Lecidea arenaria (Pers.) Steud., Lecidea caesiorufa var. festiva Ach., Lecidea craspedia (Ach.) Hue, Lecidea erythrocarpia Ach., Lecidea erythrocarpia var. erythrocarpia Ach., Lecidea ferruginascens (Nyl.) Hue, Lecidea ferruginea var. festiva (Ach.) Schaer., Lecidea festiva (Ach.) Hue, Lecidea lamprocheila (DC.) Hue, Lecidea picta Taylor, Lichen arenarius Pers., Parmelia arenaria (Pers.) Mart., Parmelia erythrocarpia (Ach.) Fr., Patellaria arenaria (Pers.) Hoffm., Patellaria lamprocheila DC., Placodium arenarium (Pers.) Naeg., Placodium erythrocarpium (Ach.) Anzi, Placodium ferruginascens (Nyl.) Räsänen, Placodium ferrugineum f. ferruginascens (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Placodium ferrugineum var. festivum (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Placodium festivum (Ach.) Hepp, Placodium festivum var. festivum (Ach.) Hepp, Verrucaria arenaria (Pers.) Hoffm., Zeora erythrocarpia (Ach.) Flot.]
source: Arup et al. (2013)
[Caloplaca oxfordensis Fink, Caloplaca scotoplaca f. depauperata H. Magn.]
source: Arup et al. (2013)
[Amphiloma elegans (Link) Körb., Amphiloma elegans f. elegans (Link) Körb., Amphiloma elegans var. elegans (Link) Körb., Callopisma elegans (Link) Trevis., Caloplaca dissidens (Nyl.) Mérat, Caloplaca elegans (Link.) Th. Fr., Caloplaca elegans f. elegans (Link) Th. Fr., Caloplaca elegans var. elegans (Link) Th. Fr., Caloplaca splendens (Darb.) Zahlbr., Gasparrinia elegans (Link) Stein, Gasparrinia elegans var. elegans (Link) Stein, Lecanora dissidens (Nyl.) Cromb., Lecanora elegans (Link) Ach., Lecanora elegans f. elegans (Link) Ach., Lecanora elegans f. tenuis Ach., Lecanora elegans var. elegans (Link) Ach., Lichen elegans Link, Lichen elegans var. elegans Link, Parmelia elegans (Link) Ach., Parmelia elegans var. elegans (Link) Ach., Physcia dissidens (Nyl.) Arnold, Physcia elegans (Link) de Not., Physcia elegans var. elegans (Link) de Not., Placodium dissidens Nyl., Placodium elegans (Link) DC., Placodium elegans f. elegans (Link) DC., Placodium elegans f. subpruinosa Räsänen, Placodium elegans var. elegans (Link) DC., Placodium splendens Darb., Squamaria elegans (Link) Fée, Teloschistes elegans (Link) Norman, Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th. Fr., Xanthoria elegans subsp. elegans (Link) Th. Fr., Xanthoria elegans var. elegans (Link) Th. Fr., Xanthoria elegans var. splendens (Darb.) M.S. Christ. ex Poelt, Xanthoria splendens (Darb.) Christensen ex Poelt]
source: Arup et al. (2013)
[Caloplaca papillifera (Vain.) Zahlbr., Gasparrinia papillifera (Vain.) Mereschk., Placodium papilliferum Vain., Xanthoria papillifera (Vain.) Poelt, Zeroviella papillifera (Vain.) S.Y. Kondr. & Hur]
source: Arup et al. (2013)
[Caloplaca sorediata (Vain.) Du Rietz, Caloplaca sorediata var. sorediata (Vain.) Du Rietz, Gasparrinia sorediata (Vain.) Oxner nom. inval., Lecanora elegans var. sorediata Vain., Placodium elegans var. sorediatum (Vain.) H. Olivier, Placodium granulosum f. sorediata (Vain.) Räsänen, Placodium granulosum var. sorediata (Vain.) Räsänen, Xanthoria sorediata (Vain.) Poelt]
source: Arup et al. (2013)
[Aspicilia mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr., Aspicilia mastrucata var. epapillata Räsänen, Aspicilia mastrucata var. epapillosa Räsänen, Aspicilia mastrucata var. mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr., Aspicilia mastrucata var. pseudoradiata Arnold, Lecanora mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Ach.]
source: Nordin et al. (2010)
[Aspicilia simoensis Räsänen, Lecanora simoënsis (Räsänen) Zahlbr., Lecanora simoënsis var. isidiata H. Magn., Lecanora simoënsis var. lecideina Servít & Nádv., Lecanora simoënsis var. simoënsis (Räsänen) Zahlbr.]
source: Nordin et al. (2010)
[Belonia aquatica (Stein) Riedl, Gongylia aquatica Stein]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Brodo (1995)
[Gongylia nadvornikii Servít, Segestria barbara Th. Fr.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Arthopyrenia tartarina (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Leptosphaeria tartarina (Nyl.) Zopf, Metasphaeria tartarina (Nyl.) Keissler, Sagedia tartarina (Nyl.) Arnold, Sagediopsis tartarina (Nyl.) Vain., Verrucaria campsteriana Linds., Verrucaria tartarina Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Arthopyrenia lomnitzensis Stein]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Spribille et al. (2010)
[Bilimbia protuberans (Ach.) A. Massal., Gyalecta protuberans (Ach.) Anzi, Lecidea protuberans (Ach.) Schaer., Parmelia protuberans (Ach.) Spreng., Patellaria protuberans (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Sagedia protuberans Ach., Urceolaria protuberans (Ach.) Ach.]
[Endocarpon baileyi Stirt., Endocarpon wightii Taylor, Leptotrema baileyi (Stirt.) Shirley, Leptotrema ravenelii (Tuck.) Fink, Leptotrema wightii (Taylor) Müll. Arg., Leptotrema wightii f. wightii (Taylor) Müll. Arg., Leptotrema wightii var. wightii (Taylor) Müll. Arg., Myriotrema wightii (Taylor) Hale, Phaeotrema wightii (Taylor) Zahlbr., Thelotrema ravenelii Tuck., Thelotrema wightii (Taylor) Nyl., Thelotrema wightii subsp. ravenelii (Tuck.) Tuck.]
source: Lücking et al. (2015)
[Parmeliella arctophila (Th. Fr.) Malme]
source: Henssen (1997)
source: Tønsberg & Henssen (1999)
[Asterisca labyrinthica (Ach.) G. Mey., Glyphis labyrinthica Ach., Glyphis labyrinthica var. labyrinthica Ach., Graphis labyrinthica (Ach.) Vain., Graphis labyrinthica var. labyrinthica (Ach.) Vain., Sarcographa actinota F. Wilson, Sarcographa actinota var. actinota F. Wilson]
[Glyphis medusulina Nyl., Graphis medusulina (Nyl.) Nyl.]
[Asterisca tricosa (Ach.) Zenker, Glyphis tricosa (Ach.) Ach., Glyphis tricosa var. tricosa (Ach.) Ach., Graphis tricosa Ach., Medusula tricosa (Ach.) Mont., Opegrapha tricosa (Ach.) Stizenb.]
source: Knudsen et al. (2016)
[Acarospora clavus (DC.) Burnham, Biatorella clavus (DC.) Th. Fr., Biatorella clavus f. aggregata (H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Biatorella clavus f. clavus (DC.) Th. Fr., Biatorella clavus f. hymenogonia (H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Biatorella clavus f. macrocarpa (Franzoni & De Not.) Zahlbr., Cathisinia concinna Stirt., Lecanora clavus (DC.) Vain., Lecidea clavus (DC.) Steud., Lichen clavus (DC.) Ramond, Patellaria clavus DC.]
[Biatorella terrena Hasse]
source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2010a)
[Acarospora desolata H. Magn.]
source: Knudsen & Standley (2007)
[Acarospora hypophaea (Nyl.) Arnold, Biatorella hypophaea (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell, Biatorella hypophaea f. hypophaea (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell, Biatorella hypophaeoides (Vain.) Zahlbr., Biatorella privigna f. hypophaea (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecanora hypophaea Nyl., Sarcogyne hypophaeoides Vain. ex H. Magn.]
source: Knudsen et al. (2013b)
source: Knudsen et al. (2013a)
[Biatorella similis H. Magn., Biatorella similis f. convexa (H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Biatorella similis f. similis H. Magn., Sarcogyne similis H. Magn.]
source: Knudsen & Standley (2007)
[Biatorella flava W. Johnson ex A.L. Sm., Biatorella pruinosa (Körb.) Mudd, Biatorella pruinosa f. albocincta (Cromb.) A.L. Sm., Biatorella pruinosa f. atrosanguinea (H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Biatorella pruinosa f. calcivora Kugan{?}, Biatorella pruinosa f. intermedia (Körb.) Lettau, Biatorella pruinosa f. macroloma (Flörke) Lettau, Biatorella pruinosa f. nidulans (B. de Lesd. ex H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Biatorella pruinosa f. nivea Kremp., Biatorella pruinosa f. nuda (Kremp.) H. Olivier, Biatorella pruinosa f. pruinosa (Körb.) Mudd, Biatorella pruinosa var. incrassata (H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Biatorella pruinosa var. ochracea (B. de Lesd. ex H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Biatorella pruinosa var. perileuca (Vain.) Zahlbr., Biatorella pruinosa var. platycarpoides (Anzi) Zahlbr., Biatorella pruinosa var. pruinosa (Körb.) Mudd, Biatorella pruinosa var. psimmythina (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Biatorella pruinosa var. regularis (Körb.) Zahlbr., Biatorella regularis (Körb.) Lettau, Lecanora glaucocarpa f. pruinosa Leight., Lecanora pruinosa f. albocincta Cromb., Lecanora pruinosa f. nuda H. Olivier, Sarcogyne pruinosa var. regularis (Körb.) H. Magn.]
[Biatorella similis H. Magn., Biatorella similis f. convexa (H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Biatorella similis f. similis H. Magn., Sarcogyne reebiae K. Knudsen]
[Acarospora lendemeri K. Knudsen & Kocourk., Biatorella sphaerospora (J. Steiner) Zahlbr.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Lendemer et al. (2009b)
source: Knudsen & McCune (2013)
[Hassea bacillosa (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Verrucaria bacillosa Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Lendemer et al. (2013)
[Verrucaria cylindrospora P. Crouan & H. Crouan]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Harris (1995b)
[Biatora campestris Fr., Biatorella campestris (Fr.) Almq.]
[Biatora difformis (Fr.) Tuck., Biatorella difformis (Fr.) Vain., Lecidea difformis (Fr.) Nyl., Lichenoconium resinae (Sacc. & Berl.) Petr. & Syd., Peziza difformis Fr., Tympanis abietis P. Crouan & H. Crouan]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Biatora resinae (Fr.) Tuck., Biatorella resinae sensu Mudd p.p., Biatorella resinae var. resinae (Fr.) Th. Fr., Biatoridium resinae (Fr.) Uloth, Cytospora resinae Ehrenb., Nectria resinae (Fr.) Fr., Peziza myriospora Hepp, Peziza resinae (Fr.) Fr., Sphaeria resinae Fr., Tubercularia resinae (Ehrenb.) Thüm., Zythia resinae (Ehrenb.) P. Karst.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Bombyliospora gemella Anzi, Diplotomma gemellum (Anzi) Jatta, Lecidea gemella (Anzi) Stizenb., Lopadium alpinum (Körb.) R. Sant., Lopadium gemellum (Anzi) Jatta]
[Biatora socialis (Körb.) Hepp, Diplotomma sociale (Körb.) Jatta, Lecidea fecunda (Th. Fr.) Nyl. ex Stizenb., Lecidea socialis (Körb.) Cromb., Lopadium fecundum Th. Fr., Lopadium sociale Körb., Sporopodium fecundum (Th. Fr.) Vain.]
source: Spribille et al. (2009)
[Lecidea cinereorufa Schaer., Lecidea subfurva Nyl., Psora cinereorufa (Schaer.) Hellb.]
source: Schmull & Spribille (2005)
[Lecidea epiiodiza Nyl.]
[Lecidea fuscocinerea Nyl.]
[Hafellnera parasemella (Nyl.) Houmeau & Cl. Roux, Lecidea exigua subsp. parasemella (Nyl.) Nyl., Lecidea parasemella Nyl.]
# = various fungi of uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature; or lichenicolous lichens.
[Arthonia glaucescens Nyl.]
[Enterographa rimata (Nyl.) Zwackh, Enterographa rimata f. contigua Redinger, Enterographa rimata f. dispersula Redinger, Enterographa rimata f. rimata (Nyl.) Zwackh, Opegrapha rimata (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Platygrapha rimata Nyl., Schismatomma farinosum (Ach.) Almq., Schismatomma rimatum (Nyl.) Branth & Rostr., Stigmatidium rimatum (Nyl.) Nyl.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Lendemer & Harris (2016)
[Chiodecton pericleum (Ach.) Vain., Lecanactis periclea (Ach.) M. Choisy, Lecanora periclea (Ach.) Ach., Lichen pericleus Ach., Parmelia exigua var. abietina (Erhr. ex Humb.) Schaer., Parmelia periclea (Ach.) Ach., Platygrapha periclea (Ach.) Nyl., Platygrapha periclea var. opegraphoides Ohlert, Platygrapha periclea var. periclea (Ach.) Nyl., Rinodina periclea (Ach.) Gray, Verrucaria abietina Ehrh. ex Humb.]
[Haematomma rappii Zahlbr.]
[Dirina rediunta Hasse]
[Combea californica (Th.Fr.) Follm. & Geyer]
[Chiodecton californicum Tuck., Llimonaea californica (Tuck.) Sparrius, Sclerophyton californicum (Tuck.) Hasse]
source: Ertz & Tehler (2011)
[Hubbsia parishii (Hasse) Tehler, Lohtander, Myllys & Sundin, Reinkella parishii Hasse]
source: Ertz & Tehler (2011)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Zhurbenko & Pino-Bodas (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2004a)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Cole & Hawksworth (2001)
source: Goward et al. (1996)
source: Goward et al. (1996)
[Coniocybe farinacea (Chevall.) Nyl., Coniocybe farinacea f. albornarginata Nádv., Coniocybe farinacea f. farinacea (Chevall.) Nyl., Coniocybe farinacea f. gracilis Nádv., Coniocybe farinacea f. minima Nádv., Coniocybe nivea var. farinacea (Chevall.) Syd., Fulgia farinacea Chevall., Roesleria pallida var. farinacea (Chevall.) Sacc. & Traverso]
[Coniocybe nivea Mont. & Tuck., Coniocybe nivea var. coniophaea (Norman) Keissl., Coniocybe nivea var. nivea Mont. & Tuck., Coniocybe pallida (Pers.) Fr.]
[Calicium peronellum (Ach.) Turner, Coniocybe hyalinella Nyl., Coniocybe hyalinella var. hyalinella Nyl., Coniocybe hyalinella var. norrlini (Vain.) Lettau, Coniocybe peronella (Ach.) Tibell, Fulgia hyalinella (Nyl.) Trevis., Lichen peronellus Ach., Roesleria hyalinella (Nyl.) Sacc.]
source: Goward et al. (1996)
[Chiodecton inscriptum (Nyl.) Fink, Enterographa elegans (Eschw.) Tuck., Stigmatidium elegans (Eschw.) Nyl.]
[Chiodecton seriale Ach., Leucodecton seriale (Ach.) A. Massal.]
source: Seavey & Seavey (2014a)
source: Spribille et al. (2009)
[Arthrospora chlorococca (Graewe ex Stenh.) H. Olivier, Bacidia chlorococca (Graewe) Lettau, Bacidia chlorococca f. chlorococca (Graewe ex Stenh.) Lettau, Bacidia chlorococca f. cyanescens Erichsen, Bacidia chlorococca f. nigrata Riehm., Bacidia chlorococca f. saxicola Riehm., Bacidia chlorococca var. chlorococca (Graewe ex Stenh.) Lettau, Bacidia chlorococca var. hilarior (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr., Bacidia chlorococca var. tristrior (Th. Fr.) Lettau, Bacidia salicicola Wheldon & Travis, Biatora hypnophila var. chlorococcum Graewe ex Stenh., Bilimbia chlorococca (Graewe ex Stenh.) Th. Fr., Bilimbia chlorococca var. chlorococca (Graewe ex Stenh.) Th. Fr., Bilimbia chlorococca var. hilarior Th. Fr., Bilimbia chlorococca var. tristrior Th. Fr., Lecidea chlorococca (Graewe ex Stenh.) Graewe]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: McCune (2017)
[Biatorina intrusa (Th. Fr.) Dombr., Carbonea intrusa (Th. Fr.) Rambold & Triebel, Catillaria intrusa (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr., Lecidea aphanoides Nyl., Lecidea intrusa Th. Fr., Lecidea melaphana Nyl., Lecideopsis intrusa (Th. Fr.) Zopf, Micarea intrusa (Th. Fr.) Coppins & H. Kilias]
source: Harris (2009)
[Bacidia sarothamni Vain.]
[Bacidia psotina (Fr.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Bacidia turgida (Körb.) Hellb., Bacidia umbrina (Ach.) Bausch, Bacidia umbrina var. athallina Räsänen, Bacidia umbrina var. compacta (Körb.) Th. Fr., Bacidia umbrina var. corticola (Anzi) Bausch., Bacidia umbrina var. marina Degel., Bacidia umbrina var. psotina (Fr.) Th. Fr., Bacidia umbrina var. puolannei Räsänen, Bacidia umbrina var. turgida (Körb.) Th. Fr., Bacidia umbrina var. umbrina (Ach.) Bausch, Biatora umbrina (Ach.) Tuck., Lecidea lygaea f. pelidna Ach., Lecidea pelidna (Ach.) Schaer., Lecidea pelidna f. pelidna (Ach.) Schaer., Lecidea pelidna f. turgida (Körb.) Leight., Lecidea pelidna var. pelidna (Ach.) Schaer., Lecidea pelidna var. turgida (Körb.) Leight., Lecidea umbrina Ach., Lecidea umbrina var. compacta (Körb.) Leight., Lecidea umbrina var. umbrina Ach., Scoliciosporum compactum Körb., Scoliciosporum compactum var. compactum Körb., Scoliciosporum compactum var. corticicola Hepp, Scoliciosporum compactum var. corticolum Hepp, Scoliciosporum psotinum (Fr.) Arnold, Scoliciosporum turgidum Körb., Secoliga umbrina (Ach.) Stizenb.]
[Buellia japonica (Tuck.) Tuck., Lecidea japonica Tuck.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hansen & Alstrup (1995)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Triebel et al. (1997)
[Biatorina epiblastematica (Wallr.) A.L. Sm., Catillaria epiblastematica (Wallr.) Vain., Orbilia epiblastematica (Wallr.) Fr., Patellaria epiblastematica (Wallr.) Sacc., Peziza epiblastematica Wallr., Spilodium epiblastimaticum (Wallr.) Nieuwl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Triebel et al. (1997)
[Biatora heeri (Hepp ex A. Massal.) Hepp, Biatorina heeri (Hepp ex A. Massal.) Anzi, Lecidea heeri Hepp ex A. Massal.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Spribille et al. (2010)
[Peziza miliaris Wallr.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Biatorina tuberculosa Th. Fr., Catillaria heeri var. tuberculosa (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier, Karsteniomyces tuberculosus Alstrup & D. Hawksw.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Wedin et al. (2007)
[Collema apalachense Tuck. ex Nyl. nom. inval., Collema apalachense Tuck., Collemodium apalachense (Tuck.) Nyl., Leptogium apalachense Nyl., Leptogium apalachense Nyl. nom. inval.]
[Leptogium aquale (Arn.) P.M. Jørg., Leptogium pusillum var. aquale Arnold]
[Leptogium aragonii Otálora]
[Leptogium californicum Tuck.]
[Collema callopismum A. Massal.]
[Leptogium cellulosum P.M. Jørg. & Tønsberg]
[Leptogium contortum Sierk]
[Leptogium dactylinum Tuck. ex Nyl., Leptogium tremelloides subsp. dactylinum (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Tuck.]
[Leptogium erectum Sierk]
[Collema fragrans (Sm.) Ach., Collema fragrans var. fragrans (Sm.) Ach., Collema microphyllum Ach., Collema microphyllum var. microcarpum Grognot, Collema microphyllum var. microphyllum (Sw.) DC., Collema terrulentum Nyl., Collemodium microphyllum (Gray) Nyl., Enchylium fragrans (Sm.) Gray, Enchylium microphyllum Gray, Eucollema terrulentum (Nyl.) Horw., Gabura microphylla (Gray) Kuntze, Leptogium fragrans (Sm.) Leight., Leptogium microphyllum (Gray) Leight., Lichen fragrans Sm., Parmelia fragrans (Sm.) Spreng., Parmelia nigrescens var. microphylla (Lam.) Schaer.]
[Collema atrocaeruleum var. sinuatum (Huds.) Rabenh., Collema lacerum var. sinuatum (Huds.) Flot., Collema scotinum (Ach.) Ach., Collema sinuatum (Huds.) Hoffm., Lathagrium scotinum (Ach.) Gray, Leptogium gelatinosum (With.) J. R. Laundon, Leptogium pellucidum var. sinuatum (Huds.) M. Choisy ex Werner, Leptogium scotinum (Ach.) Fr., Leptogium scotinum var. scotinum (Ach.) Fr., Leptogium scotinum var. sinuatum (Huds.) Torss., Leptogium sinuatum (Hudson) Massal., Leptogium sinuatum var. scotinum (Ach.) Körb., Leptogium sinuatum var. sinuatum (Huds.) A. Massal., Lichen gelatinosus With., Lichen scotinus Ach., Lichen sinuatus Huds., Parmelia scotina (Ach.) Ach., Parmelia scotina var. scotina (Ach.) Ach.]
[Leptogium imbricatum P.M. Jørg.]
[Leptogium intermedium (Arnold) Arnold, Leptogium minutissimum var. intermedium Arnold]
[Leptogium juniperinum Tuck.]
[Collema kauaiense H. Magn., Collema laeve var. limbatum (F. Wilson) Zahlbr., Leptogium olivaceum var. limbatum F. Wilson]
[Amphiloma pulvinatum (Hoffm.) Bagl., Collema fimbriatum (Ach.) Röhl., Collema lacerum (Sw.) DC., Collema lacerum var. lacerum (Sw.) DC., Collema lacerum var. pulvinatum (Hoffm.) Ach., Collema lichenoides (L.) M. Choisy, Collema lichenoides var. fimbriatum (Ach.) M. Choisy, Collema lichenoides var. lichenoides (L.) M. Choisy, Collema lichenoides var. lophaeum (Ach.) M. Choisy, Collema lichenoides var. pulvinatum (Hoffm.) M. Choisy, Collema pulvinatum Hoffm., Leptogium atrocaeruleum (Schaer.) A. Massal., Leptogium lacerum (Sw.) Gray, Leptogium lacerum f. fimbriatum (Ach.) Zahlbr., Leptogium lacerum f. lacerum (Sw.) Gray, Leptogium lacerum subsp. lacerum (Sw.) Gray, Leptogium lacerum subsp. pulvinatum (Hoffm.) Cromb., Leptogium lacerum var. lacerum (Sw.) Gray, Leptogium lacerum var. lophaeum (Ach.) Körb., Leptogium lacerum var. pulvinatum (Hoffm.) Zahlbr., Leptogium lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr., Leptogium lichenoides f. fimbriatum (Ach.) Zahlbr., Leptogium lichenoides f. lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr., Leptogium lichenoides var. lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr., Leptogium lichenoides var. lophaeum (Ach.) Zahlbr., Leptogium lophaeum (Ach.) Cromb., Leptogium pulvinatum (Hoffm.) Cromb., Leptogium pulvinatum f. lophaeum (Ach.) Lettau, Leptogium pulvinatum f. pulvinatum (Hoffm.) Cromb., Lichen lacerus Sw., Lichen lichenoides (L.) Wulfen, Lobaria lacera (Sw.) Raeusch., Parmelia lacera (Sw.) Ach., Parmelia lacera f. lacera (Sw.) Ach., Parmelia lacera var. fimbriata Ach., Parmelia lacera var. lacera (Sw.) Ach., Parmelia scotina var. lophaea Ach., Tremella lichenoides L.]
[Leptogium corniculatum (Hoffm.) Minks, Leptogium palmatum (Huds.) Mont., Leptogium palmatum f. palmatum (Huds.) Mont., Leptogium palmatum var. palmatum (Huds.) Mont., Lichen palmatus Huds., Tremella corniculata (Huds.) With.]
[Leptogium parculum Nyl.]
[Leptogium californicum f. platynum Tuck., Leptogium platynum (Tuck.) Herre]
[Collema hydrocharum (Ach.) Ach., Collema plicatile (Ach.) Ach., Collema plicatile var. firmum (Nyl.) M. Choisy, Collema plicatile var. fluctuans Kremp., Collema plicatile var. plicatile (Ach.) Ach., Collemodium plicatile (Ach.) Nyl., Enchylium plicatile (Ach.) Gray, Gabura plicatilis (Ach.) Kuntze, Leptogium hydrocharum (Ach.) Zahlbr., Leptogium microdium (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Leptogium plicatile (Ach.) Leighton, Leptogium plicatile var. plicatile (Ach.) Leight., Lichen hydrocharus (Ach.) Wahlenb., Lichen plicatilis Ach., Parmelia hydrochara Ach., Parmelia plicatilis (Ach.) Ach.]
[Leptogium polycarpum P.M. Jørg. & Goward]
[Leptogium lichenoides subsp. pulvinatum (Hoffm.) Cromb., Leptogium lichenoides var. pulvinatum (Hoffm.) Zahlbr., Leptogium tremelloides var. lophaea (Ach.) Vain., Parmelia atrocoerulea var. lacera (Sw.) Schaer., Parmelia atrocoerulea var. pulvinata (Hoffm.) Schaer.]
source: McCune et al. (2014b)
[Leptogium rivale Tuck., Polychidium rivale (Tuck.) Fink]
[Collema schraderi (Bernh.) Ach., Collema schraderi var. muscicola (Hepp) M. Choisy, Collema schraderi var. muscicolum (Hepp) M. Choisy, Collema schraderi var. schraderi (Bernh.) Ach., Collemodium schraderi (Bernh.) Nyl., Leptogium schraderi (Ach.) Nyl., Leptogium schraderi f. schraderi (Ach.) Nyl., Leptogium schraderi var. muscicola Hepp ex Müll.Arg., Leptogium schraderi var. schraderi (Ach.) Nyl., Parmelia schraderi (Bernh.) Ach., Polychidium schraderi (Bernh.) Gray]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Carlberg et al. (2016)
[Leptogium siskiyouensis Stone & Ruchty, Scytinium siskiyouense (D. F. Stone & Ruchty) Otálora, P. M. Jørg. & Wedin]
[Leptogium subaridum P.M. Jørg. & Goward]
[Collema subtile (Schrad.) Hoffm., Homodium subtile (Schrad.) Boistel, Leptogium perminutum Fink ex J. Hedrick, Leptogium subtile (Schrader) Torss., Lichen subtilis Schrad., Parmelia subtilis (Schrad.) Ach., Polychidium subtile (Schrad.) Gray]
[Leptogium tacomae P.M. Jørg. & Tønsberg]
[Collema tenuissimum Hoffm., Leptogium humosum Nyl., Leptogium lividofuscum (Schltdl.) Flot., Leptogium tenuissimum (Dickson) Körb., Parmelia tenuissima (Hoffm.) Ach., Polychidium humosum (Nyl.) Trevis., Polychidium tenuissimum (Hoffm.) Gray]
[Collema teretiusculum Flörke ex Wallr., Garovaglina microscopica (Nyl.) Trevis., Homodium microscopicum (Nyl.) Boistel, Leptogium intricatulum Nyl., Leptogium microscopicum Nyl., Leptogium teretiusculum (Wallr.) Arnold]
[Leptogium turgidum (Ach.) Cromb.]
[Arthopyrenia lectissima (Fr.) H. Olivier, Porina lectissima (Fr.) Zahlbr., Sagedia lectissima (Fr.) Hepp, Segestrella lectissima Fr., Segestria erysiboda (Taylor) Trevis., Sphaeromphale lectissima (Fr.) Flot., Verrucaria austriaca Riedl, Verrucaria erysiboda Taylor, Verrucaria holochrodes Nyl., Verrucaria irrigua var. erysiboda, Verrucaria lectissima (Fr.) Nyl., Verrucaria rubiginosa Taylor]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Arthopyrenia lectissima var. leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) Boistel, Arthopyrenia leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) H. Olivier, Biatora leptalea Durieu & Mont., Bilimbia leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) Trevis., Lecidea vernalis var. leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) Nyl., Porina leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) A.L. Sm., Porina leptaleella (Nyl.) Lettau, Porinula leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) Flagey, Segestrella lectissima f. leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) P. Syd., Segestria lectissima f. leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) Blomb. & Forssell, Verrucaria lectissima f. leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) Nyl., Verrucaria lectissima var. leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) Nyl., Verrucaria leptalea Stirt., Verrucaria leptalea var. obscuriuscula Nyl. ex P. Crouan & H. Crouan, Verrucaria leptaleella Nyl.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Arthopyrenia epigaeoides (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Porina epigaeoides (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Porina furvescens (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Porina humicolor (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Porina mammillosa (Th. Fr.) Vain., Segestria furvescens (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell, Verrucaria epigaeoides Nyl., Verrucaria furvescens Nyl., Verrucaria humicolor Nyl., Verrucaria mamillosa (Th. Fr.) Nyl.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Phylloporina octomera Müll.Arg., Porina octomera (Müll. Arg.) F. Schill.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Phylloporina rubentior (Stirt.) Müll. Arg., Porina rubentior (Stirt.) Müll. Arg., Verrucaria rubentior Stirt.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Borrera aurantiaca R. Br., Teloschistes arcticus Zahlbr., Xanthaptychia aurantiaca (R.Br.) S.Y. Kondr. & Ravera, Xanthoanaptychia arctica (Zahlbr.) S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt]
source: Frödén & Lassen (2004)
[Teloschistes californicus Sipman]
[Parmelia contortuplicata Ach., Physcia contortuplicata (Ach.) Nyl., Teloschistes contortuplicatus (Ach.) Clauzade & Rondon ex Vězda, Xanthaptychia contortuplicata (Ach.) S.Y. Kondr. & Ravera, Xanthoria contortuplicata (Ach.) Boistel]
[Dirina californica Tuck., Platygrapha californica (Tuck.) Nyl., Schismatomma californicum (Tuck.) Zahlbr.]
[Baeomyces ceratites Wahlenb., Cenomyce ceratites (Wahlenb.) Ach., Dufourea ceratites (Wahlenb.) Sommerf., Pycnothelia ceratites (Wahlenb.) Sommerf., Sphaerophorus ceratites (Wahlenb.) Spreng.]
[Stereocaulon dactyliza (Nyl.) ined.]
Siphula dactyliza Nyl. should be transferred to Stereocaulon., source: Kantvilas (2004)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich & Etayo (2000)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner (2000)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2013)
[Rhymbocarpus elachistophorus (Nyl.) Triebel, Verrucaria elachistophora Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Rhymbocarpus gregarius (Sherwood, D. Hawksw. & Coppins) Triebel]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich & Etayo (2000)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Driscoll et al. (2016)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich & Etayo (2000)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich & Etayo (2000)
[Beloniella nitschkei (Körb.) Rehm, Nesolechia nitschkei Körb., Rhymbocarpus nitschkei (Körb.) Triebel]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich & Etayo (2000)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich & Etayo (2000)
[Gyalecta radiatilis Tuck.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich & Etayo (2000)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Iturriaga & Hawksworth (2004)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich & Etayo (2000)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich & Etayo (2000)
[Agyrium flavescens Rehm, Calloria mulleri (Willey) Seaver, Niptera mulleri (Willey) Vouaux, Phacopsis mulleri Willey]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Amphiloma candicans (Dicks.) Körb., Berengeria candicans (Dicks.) Trevis., Caloplaca candicans (Dicks.) Flagey, Gasparrinia candicans (Dicks.) Syd., Gyalolechia candicans (Dicks.) Trevis., Lecania candicans (Dicks.) Stizenb., Lecania candicans var. candicans (Dicks.) Stizenb., Lecanora candicans (Dicks.) Schaer., Lichen candicans Dicks., Parmelia candicans (Dicks.) Fr., Patellaria candicans (Dicks.) Hepp, Placodium candicans (Dicks.) Duby, Ricasolia candicans (Dicks.) A. Massal., Solenospora candicans (Dickson) J. Steiner, Squamaria candicans (Dicks.) Hook. f.]
source: Ryan & Timdal (2002, 2011)
[Solenospora crenata (Herre) Zahlbr.]
[Lecania cyathiformis Szatala]
source: van den Boom & Ryan (2004b)
[Candelariella holophaea (Mont.) Zahlbr., Candelariella holophaea var. glaucospora (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Candelariella holophaea var. holophaea (Mont.) Zahlbr., Lecania holophaea (Mont.) A.L. Sm., Lecania holophaea var. glaucospora (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Lecania holophaea var. holophaea (Mont.) A.L. Sm., Lecaniella holophaea (Mont.) Jatta, Lecanora holophaea (Mont.) Nyl., Lecanora holophaea var. glaucospora Nyl., Lecanora holophaea var. holophaea (Mont.) Nyl., Pannaria holophaea (Mont.) B. de Lesd., Parmelia holophaea Mont., Squamaria holophaea (Mont.) H. Olivier, Thalloidima holophaeum (Mont.) Arnold]
[Callopisma citrinellum (Duby) Arnold, Caloplaca chrysophthalma Degel., Patellaria citrinella Duby, Placodium citrinellum (Duby) Hepp]
source: Arup et al. (2013)
source: Zhurbenko et al. (2006)
[Arthonia crocea (L.) Ach., Lichen croceus L., Parmelia crocea (L.) Spreng., Peltidea crocea (L.) Ach., Peltigera crocea (L.) Hoffm.]
source: McCune et al. (2014b)
[Arthonia saccata (L.) Ach., Lichen saccatus L., Lobaria saccata (L.) Hoffm., Peltidea saccata (L.) Ach., Peltigera saccata (L.) DC., Peltigera saccata var. saccata (L.) DC., Platisma saccatum (L.) Frege, Platysma saccatum (L.) Frege]
[Collema spongiosum Ach., Homodium spongiosum (Ach.) Boistel, Lecanora limbata Sommerf., Leptogium spongiosum (Ach.) Nyl., Parmelia spongiosa (Ach.) Spreng., Polychidium spongiosum (Ach.) Gray, Solorina limbata (Sommerf.) Mudd, Solorina saccata var. spongiosa (Ach.) Nyl., Verrucaria spongiosa (Ach.) Ach.]
[Llimonaea cerebriformis (Egea & Torrente) Sparrius, Sclerophyton cerebriforme Egea & Torrente]
source: Ertz & Tehler (2011)
[Physcia euploca Tuck., Teloschistes euplocus (Tuck.) Zahlbr.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Discothecium araneosum (Rehm ex Arnold) Vouaux, Echinothecium glabrum M.S. Christ., Alstrup & D. Hawksw., Endococcus araneosus (Rehm ex Arnold) H. Olivier, Epicymatia araneosa (Rehm ex Arnold) Sacc., Mycosphaerella araneosa (Rehm ex Arnold) Lindau, Phaeosphaerella araneosa (Rehm ex Arnold) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Sphaerella araneosa Rehm ex Arnold]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Didymosphaeria atryneae (Arnold) Magnus, Endococcus atryneae Arnold, Pharcidia atryneae (Arnold) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Stigmidium atryneae (Arnold) Hafellner]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner et al. (2002)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Knudsen, Kocourková & Etayo (2009)
[Sphaerellothecium araneosum var. cladoniae Alstrup & Zhurb.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2010b)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hansen & Alstrup (1995)
[Arthopyrenia coniodes (Nyl.) Zopf, Pharcidia coniodes (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Pharcidia coniodes var. coniodes (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Stigmidium coniodes (Nyl.) Triebel, Verrucaria coniodes Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hodkinson et al. (2009)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Alstrup & Cole (1998)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Sphaeria propinquella Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), North American records of Stigmidium congestum belong here.
[Echinothecium reticulatum Zopf]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Kocourková et al. (2008)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2010)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2012)
[Odontotrema bryoriae Diederich & Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Lethariicola cucularis (Norman) Lumbsch & D. Hawksw., Lethariicola sepei, Lethariicola sipei Grummann]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Odontotrema intermedium Diederich, Zhurb. & Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Odontotrema lecanorae Diederich & Marson]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Odontotrema melaneliae Diederich & Zhurb.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Baloch et al. (2013b)
[Odontotrema ochrolechiae Diederich, Holien & Zhurb.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Odontotrema santessonii Zhurb., Etayo & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Odontotrema sipei (Grummann) Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Odontotrema thamnoliae Zhurb., Diederich & Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Cladonia fragilis (L.) F.H. Wigg., Coralloides fragilis (L.) Hoffm., Lecanora fragilis Zahlbr., Lecanora fragilis var. fragilis (Scop.) Zahlbr., Lecanora fragilis var. subcetrarioides Zahlbr., Lichen caespitosus Roth, Lichen fragilis L., Placodium fragile (Scop.) Szatala, Placodium fragile f. fragile (Scop.) Szatala, Placodium fragile f. latilobum Oxner, Placodium fragile var. fragile (Scop.) Szatala, Placodium fragile var. subcetrariodes Zahlbr., Sphaerophorus caespitosus (Roth) DC., Sphaerophorus coralloides var. caespitosus (Roth) Turner & Borrer, Sphaerophorus coralloides var. fragilis (L.) Taylor, Stereocaulon fragile (L.) Hoffm., Verrucaria fragilis (L.) Humb.]
[Coralloides globiferum (L.) Hoffm., Lichen globiferus L., Lichen globosus Huds., Sphaerophorus coralloides Pers., Sphaerophorus coralloides f. coralloides Pers., Sphaerophorus coralloides f. pulvinatus Hav., Sphaerophorus coralloides var. congestus Lamy, Sphaerophorus coralloides var. coralloides Pers., Sphaerophorus coralloides var. lacunosus (Tuck.) Hue, Sphaerophorus coralloides var. laxus Turner & Borrer, Sphaerophorus globiferus (L.) DC., Sphaerophorus globiferus f. globiferus (L.) DC., Sphaerophorus globiferus f. polycladus Müll.Arg., Sphaerophorus globiferus var. congestus (Lamy) Müll. Arg., Sphaerophorus globiferus var. depauperatus Müll.Arg., Sphaerophorus globiferus var. globiferus (L.) DC., Sphaerophorus globiferus var. lacunosus Tuck., Sphaerophorus globiferus var. palmanus J. Steiner, Sphaerophorus globiferus var. polycladum Müll.Arg., Sphaerophorus globiferus var. versicolor Müll.Arg., Sphaerophorus globosus f. congestus H. Magn., Stereocaulon compressum Linds., Stereocaulon globiferum (L.) Hoffm.]
source: Wedin et al. (2009)
source: Wedin et al. (2009)
[Lecothecium dolichoterum (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell, Leptosphaeria dolichotera (Nyl.) Zopf, Metasphaeria dolichotera (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Obryzum dolichoterum Nyl., Verrucaria dolichotera (Nyl.) Leight.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Esslinger & Egan (1995)
[Calicium microcephalum (Sm.) Ach., Cyphelium microcephalum (Sm.) Hepp, Lichen microcephalus Sm., Mycocalicium microcephalum (Sm.) Fink, Phacotiella microcephala (Sm.) Vain., Phacotrum microcephalum (Sm.) Gray, Sphinctrina microcephala (Sm.) Nyl., Sphinctrina microcephala var. microcephala Nyl., Sphinctrina microcephala var. tenella F. Wilson]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Selva (2004)
[Calicium kylemoriensis Larbal., Calicium leucopodum (Nyl.) Tuck., Cyphelium kylemoriensis (Larbal.) Sacc., Sphinctrina kylemoriensis (Larbal. ex Leight.) Cromb., Sphinctrina pedata (Stenh.) R. Sant.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Caliciella pallidella (Willey) Fink]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Selva (2004)
[Calicium tubaeforme (A. Massal.) R.L. Seym., Cyphelium tubaeforme (A. Massal.) A. Schneid., Sphinctrina tubiformis A. Massal. [erroneous spelling], Sphinctrina turbinata var. microcephala (Nyl.) Mudd]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Acolium stigonellum (Ach.) Gray, Calicium stigonellum Ach., Calicium turbinatum Pers., Cyphelium stigonellum (Ach.) Ach., Lecidea gelasinata (With.) Ach., Lichen gelasinatus With., Sphaeria sphincterica Sowerby, Sphaeria turbinata Pers., Sphinctrina gelasinata (With.) Zahlbr., Sphinctrina gelasinata var. gelasinata (With.) Zahlbr., Sphinctrina gelasinata var. quadrispora Werner, Trachylia stigonella (Ach.) Fr.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Spilonemella americana Henssen & Tønsberg]
source: Spribille et al. (2014b)
[Spilonemopsis revertens (Nyl.) Vain.]
[Graphinella fusisporella (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Graphis fusisporella Nyl., Lecidea multifera J.A. Martind., Melaspilea vermifera Leight., Mycobacidia vermifera (Leight.) Vouaux]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Alstrup & Cole (1998)
[Acarospora cinerea (Schaer.) Vain., Biatorella cinerea (Schaer.) Th. Fr., Biatorella cinerea f. caerulescens (H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Biatorella cinerea f. cinerea (Schaer.) Th. Fr., Biatorella cinerea f. cyanoglauca (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Biatorella cinerea f. incinctula (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Biatorella cinerea var. cinerea (Schaer.) Th. Fr., Biatorella cinerea var. glaucoalbicans (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Biatorella cinerea var. incinctula (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Biatorella cinerea var. scandinavica (H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Gyrothecium polysporum Nyl., Lecidea morio var. cinerea Schaer., Sporastatia cinerea (Schaer.) Körb., Sporastatia cinerea f. caerulescens H. Magn., Sporastatia cinerea f. cinerea (Schaer.) Körb., Sporastatia cinerea f. cyanoglauca (Nyl.) H. Magn., Sporastatia cinerea f. glaucoalbicans (Nyl.) H. Magn., Sporastatia cinerea var. cinerea (Schaer.) Körb., Sporastatia cinerea var. incinctula (Nyl.) H. Magn., Sporastatia cinerea var. scandinavica H. Magn.]
[Acarospora testudinea (Ach.) A. Massal., Biatorella kulshanensis Herre, Biatorella testudinea (Ach.) A. Massal., Biatorella testudinea var. coracina (Sommerf.) Th. Fr., Biatorella testudinea var. pallens (Fr.) Th. Fr., Biatorella testudinea var. pauperculoides (H. Magn.) Zahlbr., Biatorella testudinea var. tenuirimata (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier, Biatorella testudinea var. testudinea (Ach.) A. Massal., Lecidea cechumena var. testudinea Ach., Lecidea morio var. testudinea (Ach.) Schaer.]
[Polyblastia cruenta (Körb.) P. James & Swinscow, Polyblastia henscheliana (Körb.) Lönnr., Segestrella cruenta Körb., Sphaeromphale cruenta (Körb.) Körb., Sphaeromphale henscheliana Körb., Sporodictyon henschelianum (Körb.) Körb., Verrucaria henscheliana (Körb.) Leight.]
source: Fryday (2006), Savić & Tibell (2009), Spribille et al. (2010)
source: McCune et al. (2014b)
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Hafellner (2010)
[Polyblastia subviridicans (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Polyblastia terrestris Th. Fr., Verrucaria obtenta Nyl., Verrucaria subviridicans Nyl., Verrucaria terrestris (Th. Fr.) Tuck.]
source: Savić & Tibell (2009), Dillman et al. (2012)
[Tylophoron americanum Lendemer, E. Tripp & R.C. Harris]
source: Frisch et al. (2015)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Biatora phyllocharis Mont., Ectolechia phyllocharis (Mont.) Trevis., Gyalectidium phyllocharis (Mont.) Müll.Arg., Heterothecium phyllocharis (Mont.) Tuck., Lecidea phyllocharis (Mont.) Nyl., Lecidea phyllocharis subsp. phyllocharis (Mont.) Nyl., Lopadium phyllocharis (Mont.) Fink]
[Gasparrinia lentigera (Weber) Tornab., Lecanora lentigera (Weber) Ach., Lecanora lentigera f. lentigera (Weber) Ach., Lecanora lentigera f. nudiuscula Gyeln., Lecanora lentigera f. pseudocrassa Mattick, Lecanora lentigera var. calcareoarenosa Gyeln., Lecanora lentigera var. glauca Tomin, Lecanora lentigera var. lentigera (Weber) Ach., Lecanora lentigera var. mediterranea (Zahlbr.) Mattick, Lecanora lentigera var. pseudocrassa Mattick, Lecanora lentigera var. simplex Gyeln., Lichen lentigerus Weber, Parmelia crassa var. lentigera (Weber) Schaer., Parmelia lentigera (Weber) Ach., Patellaria lentigera (Weber) Wallr., Placodium lentigerum (Weber) Gray, Placodium lentigerum var. glaucum (Tomin) Oxner, Placodium lentigerum var. lentigerum (Weber) Gray, Psora lentigera (Weber) Hoffm., Psoroma lentigerum (Weber) A. Massal., Squamaria lentigera (Weber) DC.]
[Caloplaca augustina (Vain.) Zahlbr., Caloplaca galactophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Placodium augustinum Vain., Placodium galactophyllum Tuck.]
source: Arup et al. (2013)
[Caloplaca parviloba Wetmore]
source: Arup et al. (2013)
[Caloplaca elegans var. brachyloba Zahlbr., Caloplaca squamosa (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr., Caloplaca squamosa var. squamosa (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr., Placodium squamosum B. de Lesd., Placodium squamosum var. squamosum B. de Lesd.]
source: Arup et al. (2013)
[Blastenia novomexicana Fink ex J. Hedrick, Callopisma americanum Malme, Callopisma aurantiacum var. irrubescens Arnold, Callopisma irrubescens (Arnold) Arnold, Caloplaca americana (Malme) Zahlbr., Caloplaca aurantia var. irrubescens (Arnold) Jatta, Caloplaca irrubescens (Arnold) Zahlbr., Caloplaca modesta (Zahlbr.) Fink, Caloplaca novomexicana (Fink) ined., Caloplaca subsoluta (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Caloplaca subsoluta f. subsoluta (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecanora murorum var. subsoluta Nyl., Lecanora subsoluta (Nyl.) Nyl., Physcia subsoluta (Nyl.) Arnold, Placodium americanum (Malme) Räsänen, Placodium aurantiacum subsp. irrubescens (Arnold) A.L. Sm., Placodium subsolutum (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Teloschistes modestus (Zahlbr.) Fink, Xanthoria modesta Zahlbr.]
source: Arup et al. (2013)
source: Jørgensen & Nash (2004)
[Pertusaria areolata (Ach.) A. Massal., Pertusaria areolata f. areolata (Ach.) A. Massal., Pertusaria areolata f. conspurcata Harm., Pertusaria areolata f. eucorallina Harm., Porina pertusa var. areolata Ach., Pyrenula areolata Ach., Sphaeromphale areolata (Ach.) Arnold]
source: Lendemer (2008)
[Endocarpon drummondii (Tuck.) M. Choisy]
[Dermatocarpon lithinum (Ach.) Arnold, Endocarpon fissum Leight., Endocarpon lithinum (Ach.) Leight., Polyblastia fissa (Taylor) Jatta, Polyblastia umbrina (Wahlenb.) Rostr., Polyblastia umbrina var. calcarea (Nyl.) Boistel, Polyblastia umbrina var. huei Boistel, Polyblastia umbrina var. umbrina (Wahlenb.) Rostr., Pyrenula lithina (Ach.) Ach., Sphaeromphale fissa (Taylor) Körb., Sphaeromphale umbrina (Wahlenb.) Mudd, Staurothele hazslinskyi (Körb.) Steiner, Staurothele umbrina (Wahlenb.) Tuck., Verrucaria fissa Taylor, Verrucaria lithina Ach., Verrucaria umbrina Wahlenb., Verrucaria umbrina var. monospora Nyl., Verrucaria umbrina var. umbrina Wahlenb.]
source: McCune et al. (2014b)
source: Lendemer (2008)
[Endocarpon monicae Zahlbr., Staurothele catalepta (Ach.) Blomb. & Forss., Staurothele catalepta f. ambrosiana (A. Massal.) B. de Lesd., Staurothele catalepta f. catalepta (Ach.) Blomb. & Forssell, Staurothele catalepta f. flexuosa B. de Lesd., Staurothele catalepta f. grisea (Vain.) Szatala ex Gall{?}, Staurothele catalepta f. lithina (Stein) Grummann, Staurothele catalepta var. catalepta (Ach.) Blomb. & Forssell, Staurothele catalepta var. cinerea B. de Lesd., Staurothele catalepta var. elegans (Wallr.) Zschacke, Staurothele catalepta var. fluviatilis Erichsen, Staurothele catalepta var. tegulicola B. de Lesd.]
[Endocarpon rufum (A. Massal.) Lönnr., Polyblastia rufa A. Massal., Polyblastia rufa f. orbicularis Anzi, Polyblastia rufa f. rufa A. Massal., Sporodictyon rufum (A. Massal.) Trevis., Verrucaria rufa (A. Massal.) Garov.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: McCune (2017)
[Magnussoniolichen rupifragum (A. Massal.) Tomas. & Cif., Polyblastia rupifraga A. Massal., Sagedia rupifraga Deakin, Sphaeromphale terebrata Mudd, Sporodictyon rugulosum (A. Massal.) Trevis., Sporodictyon rupifragum (A. Massal.) Trevis., Verrucaria rupifraga (A. Massal.) Garov., Verrucaria terebrata (Mudd) Leight., Verrucaria umbrina var. calcarea Nyl.]
[Leptotrema auberianum (Mont.) Fink, Ocellularia auberiana (Mont.) Hale, Phaeotrema auberianum (Mont.) Müll.Arg., Rhabdodiscus auberianus (Nyl.) Vain., Thelotrema auberianum Mont.]
source: Frisch & Kalb (2006)
source: Spribille et al. (2010)
[Biatora geophana (Nyl.) Th. Fr., Biatorella geophana (Nyl.) Rehm, Biatorella geophana f. boreella (Nyl.) Vain., Biatorella geophana f. geophana (Nyl.) Rehm, Lecidea geophana Nyl., Lecidea geophana var. geophana Nyl., Lecidea geophana var. mucosa Erichsen, Lecidea insita Stirt., Nesolechia insita (Stirt.) Vouaux, Pleolecis geophana (Nyl.) Clem., Sarcogyne geophana (Nyl.) Boistel]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Selva & Tibell (1999)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates, source: Peterson & Rikkinen (1998)
[Stenocybe euspora (Nyl.) Anzi]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Calicium byssaceum Fr., Calicium pullatulum Ach., Stenocybe byssacea (Fr.) Nyl. ex Körb.]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates
[Stereocaulon paschale var. alpinum (Laurer) Mudd, Stereocaulon tomentosum var. alpinum (Laurer) Th. Fr.]
[Stereocladium apocalypticum (Nyl.) Nyl.]
[Stereocaulon denudatum f. arenarium Savicz]
[Lichen botryosus (Ach.) Lam., Stereocaulon fastigiatum Anzi, Stereocaulon fastigiatum f. confluens H. Magn., Stereocaulon fastigiatum f. congestum H. Magn., Stereocaulon fastigiatum f. depressum H. Magn., Stereocaulon fastigiatum f. dissolutum H. Magn., Stereocaulon fastigiatum f. fastigiatum Anzi, Stereocaulon fastigiatum f. finmarkicum H. Magn., Stereocaulon fastigiatum f. globuliferum H. Magn., Stereocaulon fastigiatum f. irregulare H. Magn., Stereocaulon fastigiatum f. pygmaeum H. Magn., Stereocaulon fastigiatum f. simplicior H. Magn., Stereocaulon fastigiatum var. fastigiatum Anzi]
[Stereocaulon coralloides Fr., Stereocaulon coralloides f. coralloides Th. Fr., Stereocaulon coralloides var. coralloides Th. Fr., Stereocaulon coralloides var. occidentale H. Magn., Stereocaulon coralloides var. orientalis Räsänen, Stereocaulon dactylophyllum var. occidentale (H. Magn.) Lamb]
[Stereocaulon coralloides Fr., Stereocaulon coralloides f. coralloides Th. Fr., Stereocaulon coralloides var. coralloides Th. Fr., Stereocaulon coralloides var. occidentale H. Magn., Stereocaulon coralloides var. orientalis Räsänen, Stereocaulon dactylophyllum Flörke]
source: Zhurbenko et al. (2006)
[Stereocaulon tomentosum f. glareosum Savicz]
[Stereocaulon coralloides f. intermedium Savicz]
source: Spribille et al. (2010)
[Bacidia cambrica (Wheldon) Zahlbr., Bilimbia cambrica Wheldon, Bilimbia leucophaeopsis (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Lecidea leucophaeopsis Nyl., Toninia cambrica (Wheldon) Walt. Watson, Toninia leucophaeopsis (Nyl.) Th. Fr., Toninia leucophaeopsis f. farinosa Hav., Toninia leucophaeopsis f. leucophaeopsis (Nyl.) Th. Fr., Toninia leucophaeopsis var. hyperborea I.M. Lamb ex Lynge, Toninia leucophaeopsis var. leucophaeopsis (Nyl.) Th. Fr.]
source: Fryday (2010)
[Stereocaulon tomentosum subsp. myriocarpum (Th. Fr.) Nyl.]
[Baeomyces paschalis (L.) Wahlenb., Cladonia paschalis (L.) Baumg., Coralloides paschalis Hoffm., Lichen paschalis L., Patellaria paschalis (L.) Wallr., Patellaria paschalis var. paschalis (L.) Wallr., Verrucaria paschalis (L.) Humb.]
[Patellaria pileata (Ach.) Wallr., Stereocaulon coralloides f. pumilum Nyl., Stereocaulon pileatum f. pumilum (Nyl.) I.M. Lamb]
[Lecidea plicatilis Leight.]
source: Fryday (2006)
[Stereocaulon sasakii var. tomentosoides I.M. Lamb, Stereocaulon tomentosoides (I.M. Lamb) McCune, Stereocaulon tomentosum var. simplex Riddle]
[Stereocaulon sasakii var. simplex (Riddle) I.M. Lamb, Stereocaulon tomentosoides (I.M. Lamb) McCune, Stereocaulon tomentosum var. simplex Riddle]
[Stereocaulon evolutoides (H. Magn.) Frey, Stereocaulon evolutoides f. evolutoides (H. Magn.) Frey, Stereocaulon evolutoides f. glabrescens I.M. Lamb ex J.W. Thomson, Stereocaulon evolutoides var. evolutoides (H. Magn.) Frey, Stereocaulon evolutoides var. paschaleoides Hav., Stereocaulon evolutoides var. saxatile (H. Magn.) I.M. Lamb, Stereocaulon evoutoides]
[Stereocaulon botryosum f. dissolutum (H. Magn.) Frey, Stereocaulon botryosum f. spathuliferum (Vain.) Frey, Stereocaulon botryosum var. dissolutum (H. Magn.) H. Magn., Stereocaulon botryosum var. spathuliferum (Vain.) I.M. Lamb, Stereocaulon fastigiatum var. dissolutum H. Magn., Stereocaulon spathuliferum f. dissolutum (H. Magn.) I.M. Lamb]
[Stereocaulon paschale f. subcoralloides Nyl.]
source: Spribille et al. (2010)
source: Kivistö (1998)
[Stereocaulon paschale subsp. tomentosum (Fr.) Branth & Rostrup, Stereocaulon paschale var. tomentosum (Fr.) Duby]
[Bilimbia tornensis H. Magn.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: McCune (2017)
[Baeomyces denudatus (Flörke) Hepp, Patellaria paschalis var. nodulosa Wallr., Patellaria paschalis var. umbonata Wallr., Stereocaulon alpinum subsp. vesuvianum (Pers.) Fr., Stereocaulon alpinum var. vesuvianum (Pers.) Link, Stereocaulon botryosum var. vesuvianum (Pers.) Ach., Stereocaulon corallinum var. pulvinatum Rabenh., Stereocaulon denudatum Flörke, Stereocaulon denudatum f. capitatum Flot. ex Körb., Stereocaulon denudatum f. denudatum Flörke, Stereocaulon denudatum f. pulvinatum (Schaer.) C.W. Dodge ex Räsänen, Stereocaulon denudatum f. umbonatum (Wallr.) Arnold, Stereocaulon denudatum subsp. denudatum Flörke, Stereocaulon denudatum subsp. vesuvianum (Pers.) Th. Fr., Stereocaulon denudatum var. denudatum Flörke, Stereocaulon denudatum var. depressum H. Magn., Stereocaulon denudatum var. pulvinatum (Rabenh.) Flot., Stereocaulon denudatum var. umbonatum (Wallr.) Zahlbr., Stereocaulon denudatum var. vesuvianum (Pers.) Laurer ex Hepp]
[Sticta weigelii var. beauvoisii (Delise) Hue, Stictina quercizans var. beauvoisii (Delise) Müll. Arg., Stictina weigelii f. beauvoisii (Delise) Stizenb., Stictina weigelii var. beauvoisii (Delise) Stizenb.]
[Cladonia glauca f. dufourii (Delise) Vain., Cyanisticta dufourii, Lichen spongiosus Scop., Lobaria damicornis var. canariensis (Bory) Kunze, Pulmonaria canariensis Bory, Sticta damicornis f. canariensis (Bory) Ach., Sticta damicornis var. canariensis (Bory) Flörke, Sticta dufourei Delise [erroneous spelling], Sticta dufourii Delise, Sticta filicina var. dufourii Delise, Sticta fimbriata Schaer., Sticta sylvatica var. dufourii (Delise) Nyl., Stictina dufourii (Delise) Nyl., Stictina dufourii f. dufourii (Delise) Nyl., Stictina sylvatica subsp. dufourii (Delise) Nyl., Stictina sylvatica var. dufourii (Delise) Nyl.]
source: McDonald et al. (2003)
source: Lendemer & Goffinet (2015)
source: McDonald et al. (2003)
[Biatora fuliginosa (Dicks.) Fr., Biatora fuliginosa var. fuliginosa (Dicks.) Fr., Imbricaria olivacea var. fuliginosa (With.) Hazsl., Lichen fuliginosus Dicks. nom. illegit., Lichen fuliginosus With., Lichen fuliginosus Hoffm. nom. illegit., Parmelia dendritica var. fuliginosa (With.) Müll. Arg., Parmelia fuliginosa (With.) Schaer., Parmelia olivacea f. fuliginosa (With.) Th. Fr., Parmelia prolixa var. fuliginosa (With.) Nyl., Sticta sylvatica subsp. fuliginosa (With.) Fr., Sticta sylvatica var. fuliginosa (Hoffm.) Hepp, Stictina fuliginosa (With.) Nyl., Stictina fuliginosa f. firmior Cromb., Stictina fuliginosa f. fuliginosa (Dicks.) Nyl.]
source: Galloway & Thomas (2004)
[Lichen limbatus Sm., Stictina limbata (Sm.) Nyl., Stictina limbata var. limbata (Sm.) Nyl.]
[Lichen sylvaticus Huds., Parmelia sylvatica (Huds.) Hepp, Parmelia sylvatica var. sylvatica (Huds.) Hepp, Peltigera sylvatica (Huds.) Hoffm., Stictina sylvatica (Huds.) Nyl.]
source: Galloway & Thomas (2004)
[Bacidia urceolata (Ach.) H. Olivier, Conotrema urceolatum (Ach.) Tuck., Lecidea urceolata Ach.]
source: Wedin et al. (2005)
[Buellia gerontoides (Stirt.) Imshaug, Catillaria gerontoides (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Lecidea gerontoides Stirt.]
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Seavey et al. (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2010)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2010f)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Cole & D. Hawksworth (2001)
[Pharcidia congesta Körb.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Esslinger & Egan (1995)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Spribille et al. (2010)
[Pharcidia croceae Arnold]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Daniëls (2003)
[Pharcidia ephebes Henssen]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Mycoporellum epistigmellum Hasse, Pharcidia epistigmella Nyl. ex Vouaux, Pharcidia epistigmella var. epistigmella Nyl., Pharcidia epistigmella var. meizospora Vouaux]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2009c)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner et al. (2002)
[Epicymatia frigida Th. Fr. ex Sacc., Pharcidia frigida (Th. Fr. ex Sacc.) Vouaux, Sphaeria frigida Th. Fr. ex Mussat nom. inval.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Arthopyrenia fuscatae Arnold, Arthopyrenia fuscatae var. fuscatae Arnold, Arthopyrenia fuscatae var. olivaceae (Arnold) Arnold]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Arthopyrenia glebarum Arnold, Pharcidia glebarum (Arnold) Sacc. & D. Sacc.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Etayo & Breuss (1998)
[Arthopyrenia gyrophorarum Arnold, Didymosphaeria gyrophorarum (Arnold) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Endococcus gyrophorarum (Arnold) J.C. David & D. Hawksw., Pharcidia gyrophorarum (Arnold) Zopf]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Hafellner et al. (2002)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2009b)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Kocourková et al. (2012), Kocourková & Knudsen (2012)
[Arthopyrenia leptotera (Nyl.) Arnold, Arthopyrenia leptotera f. brachyspora (Erichsen) Grummann, Arthopyrenia leptotera f. leptotera (Nyl.) Arnold, Arthopyrenia leptotera var. leptotera (Nyl.) Arnold, Arthopyrenia leptotera var. marmorans Wedd., Arthopyrenia litoralis var. leptotera (Nyl.) Boistel, Arthopyrenia marina (Deakin) A.L. Sm., Arthopyrenia marina f. marina (Deakin) A.L. Sm., Arthopyrenia marina f. tenuicula (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr., Mycosphaerella marina Deakin, Pseudarthopyrenia leptotera (Nyl.) Keissl., Pseudarthopyrenia leptotera f. brachyspora Erichsen, Pseudarthopyrenia leptotera f. leptotera (Nyl.) Keissl., Sagedia marina Deakin, Sagedia marina f. marina Deakin, Sagedia marina f. tenuicula B. de Lesd., Segestrella leptotera (Nyl.) Branth & Rostr., Segestria leptotera (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell, Thelidium leptoterum (Nyl.) Hellb., Thelidium marinum (Deakin) Keissl., Thelidium marinum f. marinum (Deakin) Keissl., Thelidium marinum f. marmorans (Wedd.) Keissl., Thelidium marinum f. tenuiculum (B. de Lesd.) Keissl., Verrucaria halophila var. leptotera (Nyl.) Arnold, Verrucaria leptotera Nyl., Verrucaria marina (Deakin) Leight.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2009b)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), In the original Esslinger Checklist (#22) the epithet is erroneously listed as "mitchelii", source: Zhurbenko (2013)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Pharcidia peltideae Vain.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Alstrup & Cole (1998)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003), Zhurbenko & Laursen (2003)
[Arthopyrenia allogena (Nyl.) Arnold, Arthopyrenia innata (Nyl.) Arnold, Arthopyrenia psorae (Anzi) Müll.Arg., Endococcus psorae (Anzi) H. Olivier, Metasphaeria psorae (Anzi) Sacc., Pharcidia allogena (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Pharcidia allogena f. allogena (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Pharcidia allogena f. innata (Nyl.) Keissl., Pharcidia innata (Arnold) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Pharcidia psorae (Anzi) G. Winter, Sphaerella innata (Nyl.) Arnold, Sphaerella psorae Anzi, Stigmidium allogenum (Nyl.) D. Hawksw., Verrucaria allogena Nyl., Verrucaria innata Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Rosellinia pumila Lettau, Sphaerellothecium pumilum (Lettau) Nav.-Ros., Cl. Roux & Hafellner]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Cole & Hawksworth (2001)
[Pharcidia ramalinae (Müll. Arg.) Vouaux]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Kocourková et al. (2010)
[Arthopyrenia epicymatia (Wallr.) Müll. Arg., Pharcidia epicymatia (Wallr.) G. Winter, Pharcidia schaereri (A. Massal.) G. Winter, Pharcidia schaereri var. croceae (Arnold) Sacc., Pharcidia schaereri var. schaereri (A. Massal.) G. Winter, Sphaerella epicymatia (Wallr.) Speg., Sphaerella schaereri (A. Massal.) Anzi, Sphaeria epicymatia Wallr., Sphaeria schaereri A. Massal., Sphaerulina schaereri (A. Massal.) Sacc.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), Reinstated for North America by Henssen (1995).
[Pharcidia coniodes var. solorinarium Vain.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko (2009a)
[Pharcidia squamariae B. de Lesd.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: McCune et al. (2014b)
[Pharcidia tabacinae Arnold]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Knudsen & Kocourková (2008)
Non Stirtonia alba Müll. Arg. ined.; Perlmutter et al. (2018) introduced the replacement name Stirtonia caribaea, but that taxon does not occur in North America., source: Perlmutter et al. (2018)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2015)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2015)
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Seavey et al. (2017)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Seavey & Seavey (2015)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Biatorella deplanata Almq., Biatorella deplanata f. deplanata Almq., Biatorella deplanata f. pruinosa H. Magn., Biatorella deplanata var. deplanata Almq., Biatorella deplanata var. excelsa Oxner]
source: Knudsen (2007c)
[Biatorella microhaema Norman]
[Arthonia moriformis Ach., Biatora moriformis (Ach.) Tuck., Biatorella moriformis (Ach.) Th. Fr., Biatorella moriformis f. erumpens H. Magn., Biatorella moriformis f. moriformis (Ach.) Th. Fr., Biatorella moriformis f. olivascens H. Magn., Biatorella moriformis f. violascens H. Magn., Biatorella moriformis var. botryodes Erichsen, Biatorella moriformis var. extensa (Vain.) Blomb. & Forssell, Biatorella moriformis var. improvisa (Nyl.) Rehm, Biatorella moriformis var. moriformis (Ach.) Th. Fr., Dothidea moriformis (Ach.) Fr., Lecidea moriformis (Ach.) Samp.]
[Biatorella pinicola (A. Massal.) Anzi, Biatorella resinae var. rubicundula Mudd, Lecidea tantilla Nyl., Myriosperma pinicola (A. Massal.) Hepp, Sarcogyne pinicola A. Massal.]
[Arthopyrenia tenuis R.C. Harris, Dichoporis tenuis (R.C. Harris) S.H. Jiang, Lücking & Sérus.]
[Dichoporis bermudana (Tuck.) S.H. Jiang, Lücking & Sérus., Porina bermudana (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Zahlbr., Verrucaria bermudana Tuck. ex Nyl.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Dichoporis connivens (R.C. Harris) S.H. Jiang, Lücking & Sérus.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Swinscowia griseonitens (R.C. Harris) S.H. Jiang, Lücking & Sérus.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Phylloporis hypothallina (R.C. Harris) S.H. Jiang, Lücking & Sérus.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Geisleria jamesii Swinscow, Swinscowia jamesii (Swinscow) S.H. Jiang, Lücking & Sérus.]
[Swinscowia laceribracae (R.C. Harris) S.H. Jiang, Lücking & Sérus.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Haploblastia nitidula (Mont.) Trevis.]
[Phyllocharis complanata Fée, Phyllocharis orbicularis (Fr.) S.H. Jiang, Lücking & Sérus.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Dichoporis phaea (Ach.) S.H. Jiang, Lücking & Sérus., Porina phaea (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Strigula diederichiana Etayo, Cl. Roux & Sérus., Verrucaria phaea Ach.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Phyllocharis elegans Fée, Strigula elatior Stirt., Strigula elegans (Fée) Müll.Arg., Strigula elegans f. elegans (Fée) Müll.Arg., Strigula elegans subsp. elegans (Fée) Müll.Arg., Strigula elegans var. elatior (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Strigula elegans var. elegans (Fée) Müll.Arg., Strigula elegans var. eumorpha Müll.Arg.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Arthopyrenia faginea (Schaer.) Swinscow, Arthopyrenia faginea var. faginea (Schaer.) Swinscow, Didymella stigmatella (Ach.) Szatala, Lichen stigmatellus Ach., Porina cinerea (Pers.) Zahlbr. nom. illeg., Porina faginea (Schaer.) Arnold, Strigula stigmatella var. stigmatella (Ach.) R.C. Harris, Swinscowia stigmatella (Ach.) S.H. Jiang, Lücking & Sérus., Verrucaria stigmatella (Ach.) Ach., Verrucaria stigmatella var. stigmatella (Ach.) Ach.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Arthopyrenia submuriformis R.C. Harris, Swinscowia submuriformis (R.C. Harris) S.H. Jiang, Lücking & Sérus.]
[Dichoporis viridiseda (Nyl.) S.H. Jiang, Lücking & Sérus., Leiophloea viridiseda (Nyl.) Trevis., Porina viridiseda (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Verrucaria viridiseda Nyl., Verrucaria viridiseda f. viridiseda Nyl.]
[Dichoporis wilsonii (Riddle) S.H. Jiang, Lücking & Sérus., Porina wilsonii Riddle]
[Bryoria spiralifera Brodo & D. Hawksw.]
source: Myllys et al. (2014)
[Anthracothecium canellae-albae (Fée) Müll.Arg., Anthracothecium carellae-albae (Fée) Müll.Arg., Bottaria canellae-albae (Fée) Vain., Pyrenula canellae-albae Fée, Verrucaria canellae-albae (Fée) Nyl.]
source: Harada (1999)
[Pyrenula staurospora Tuck. ex Willey]
source: Harada (1999)
[Anthracothecium subglobosum Riddle]
source: Aptroot (2012)
[Peccania mattogrossensis Malme, Synalissa matogrossensis (Malme) Henssen]
In the original Esslinger Checklist (#22) the epithet is erroneously listed as "matogrossensis", source: Schultz (2002f)
[Collema ramulosum Bernh., Collema symphoreum (Ach.) DC., Lichen symphoreus Ach., Omphalaria symphorea (Ach.) Tuck., Parmelia ramulosa (Bernh.) Ach., Synalissa symphorea (Ach.) Nyl.]
source: McCune et al. (2014b)
source: Tehler (1996)
[Chiodecton perplexum Nyl., Glyphis graphica Fr.]
source: Tehler (1996)
[Platygrapha psaroleuca Nyl., Schismatomma psaroleucum (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
source: Tehler (1996)
[Heterocephalacria bachmannii (Diederich & M.S. Christ.) Millanes & Wedin]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (1996)
[Heterocephalacria physciacearum (Diederich) Millanes & Wedin]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (1996)
source: Holien & Tønsberg (2002)
source: Aptroot et al. (1997)
[Talpapellis beschiana (Diederich) Zhurb., U. Braun, Diederich & Heuchert]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Alstrup (2004)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Cole & Hawksworth (2001)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Zhurbenko & Daniëls (2003)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: McMullin et al. (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich & Zhurbenko (2001)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Diederich (2003)
[Talpapellis peltigerae var. rossica Heuchert, Zhurb. & U. Braun, Herzogia 27(1): 88 (2014)]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Alstrup & Cole (1998)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Lopadium epiphyllum Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
source: Lücking et al. (2011b)
[Lecanora nana Fée]
[Borrera chrysophthalma (L.) Ach., Hagenia chrysophthalma (L.) Rabenh., Lichen chrysophthalmus L., Lobaria chrysophthalma (L.) Räuschel, Niorma chrysophthalma (L.) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell, M.H. Jeong & Hur, Parmelia chrysophthalma (L.) Ach., Physcia chrysophthalma (L.) DC., Physcia chrysophthalma var. chrysophthalma (L.) DC., Physcia villosa var. dickieana Linds., Platysma denudatum Hoffm., Teloschistes chrysophthalmus f. chrysophthalmus (L.) Beltr., Teloschistes chrysophthalmus f. cinereus Müll. Arg., Teloschistes chrysophthalmus f. denudatus (Hoffm.) Hillmann, Teloschistes chrysophthalmus var. chrysophthalmus (L.) Beltr., Teloschistes chrysophthalmus var. cinereus Müll. Arg., Teloschistes chrysophthalmus var. denudatus (Hoffm.) Müll.Arg., Teloschistes chrysophthalmus var. dickieanus (Linds.) Zahlbr., Teloschistes chrysophthalmus var. dilatatus (Stizenb.) Hillmann, Teloschistes chrysophthalmus var. flavoalbidus (Kremp.) Malme, Teloschistes chrysophthalmus var. hypoglaucoides Hillmann, Teloschistes chrysophthalmus var. melanotrichus Maheu, Teloschistes chrysophthalmus var. subpulvinaris Gyeln., Tornabenia chrysophthalma (L.) A. Massal., Xanthoanaptychia chrysophthalma (L.) S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt, Xanthoria chrysophthalma (L.) Stizenb.]
[Borrera exilis (Michaux) Ach., Physcia exilis Michaux, Teloschistes chrysocarpoides var. minor (Cromb.) C.W. Dodge, Teloschistes costatus var. pallidus (Sambo) C.W. Dodge, Teloschistes exilis f. dealbatus (Flot.) Hillmann, Teloschistes exilis f. exilis (Michx.) Vain., Teloschistes exilis f. inaequalis Gyeln., Teloschistes exilis var. dealbatus Hillmann, Teloschistes exilis var. exilis (Michx.) Vain., Teloschistes exilis var. pulvinatus Hillmann, Teloschistes flavicans f. minor (Cromb.) Hillmann, Teloschistes flavicans var. exilis (Michaux) Müll. Arg., Teloschistes flavicans var. minor Cromb., Teloschistes flavicans var. pallidus Sambo]
[Alectoria epichrysa Stirt., Anaptychia flavicans (Sw.) A. Massal., Borrera acromela Pers., Borrera flavicans (Sw.) Ach., Borrera flavicans f. flavicans (Sw.) Ach., Borrera flavicans f. laeta Ach., Cornicularia crocea Ach., Cornicularia flavicans Pers., Evernia flavicans (Sw.) Fr., Evernia flavicans f. maxima Meyen & Flot. nom. inval., Evernia flavicans var. melanotricha Meyen & Flot., Lichen flavicans Sw., Lobaria flavicans (Sw.) Trevis., Parmelia chrysophthalma var. flavicans (Sw.) Eschw., Parmelia flavicans (Sw.) Ach., Physcia acromela (Pers.) Nyl., Physcia chrysophthalma var. flavicans (Sw.) Tuck., Physcia flavicans (Sw.) DC., Teloschistes acromelus (Pers.) Vain., Teloschistes capensis var. cinerascens (Stein) C.W. Dodge, Teloschistes chrysophthalmus var. flavicans (Sw.) Tuck., Teloschistes flavicans f. cinerascens (Stein) Müll. Arg., Teloschistes flavicans f. flavicans (Sw.) Norman, Teloschistes flavicans f. hirtella Vain., Teloschistes flavicans f. hirtellus Vain., Teloschistes flavicans f. laetus (Ach.) Müll. Arg., Teloschistes flavicans f. uruguayensis Gyeln., Teloschistes flavicans var. acromelus (Pers.) Müll.Arg., Teloschistes flavicans var. compressus Js. Murray, Teloschistes flavicans var. croceus (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Teloschistes flavicans var. flavicans (Sw.) Norman, Teloschistes flavicans var. intermedius Müll. Arg., Teloschistes flavicans var. laetus (Ach.) Hillmann, Teloschistes flavicans var. maximus (Meyen & Flot.) Zahlbr., Teloschistes flavicans var. melanotrichus (Meyen & Flot.) Müll. Arg., Teloschistes flavicans var. roccelliformis Räsänen, Teloschistes flavicans var. tenuissima (Meyen & Flot.) Müll. Arg., Tornabenia flavicans (Sw.) A. Massal., Tornabenia flavicans f. cinerascens Stein, Tornabenia flavicans f. flavicans (Sw.) A. Massal., Xanthoria flavicans (Sw.) H. Olivier]
[Lecanora atra (Hudson) Ach., Lecanora atra var. torulosa Flörke ex Flot., Lecidea atroides Walt. Watson, Lichen ater Huds., Parmelia atra (Huds.) Ach., Parmelia subfusca var. atra (Huds.) Eschw., Patellaria atra (Huds.) Wibel, Psora atra (Huds) Hampe, Rinodina atra (Huds.) Gray, Scutellaria atra (Huds.) Baumg., Tephromela atra var. corticola (Hepp) Hafellner & Jerzer nom. illegit., Tephromela atra var. torulosa (Flot.) Hafellner, Tephromela torulosa (Flörke ex Flot.) Motyka nom. inval., Verrucaria atra (Huds.) Hoffm.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Nash et al. (2004b)
source: Nash et al. (2004b)
significant change since the previous checklist version (#21), source: Cestaro et al. (2016)
[Buellia chloroleuca Körb., Buellia poeltii T. Schauer]
source: Nordin (2004)
[Buellia disciformis var. insignis (Nägeli) Flagey, Buellia insignis (Nageli ex Hepp) Th. Fr., Buellia insignis f. insignis (Nägeli ex Hepp) Th. Fr., Buellia insignis var. insignis (Nägeli ex Hepp) Th. Fr., Buellia parasema var. insignis (Nägeli) Hazsl., Lecidea insignis Nägeli ex Hepp, Lecidea insignis var. insignis Nägeli ex Hepp, Lecidea insignis var. muscorum Hepp]
source: Nordin (2004)
[Buellia papillata (Sommerf.) Tuck., Buellia papillata var. papillata (Sommerf.) Tuck., Buellia parasema var. papillata (Sommerf.) Th. Fr., Buelliopsis papillata (Sommerf.) Fink, Diplotomma papillatum (Sommerf.) C.W. Dodge, Lecidea papillata Sommerf., Lecidea papillata f. papillata Sommerf., Lecidea papillata f. subviridescens Nyl. ex Th. Fr.]
source: Kalb (2004)
[Buellia pulverulenta (Anzi) Jatta, Celidium muscigenae Anzi, Diplotomma pulverulentum (Anzi) D. Hawksw., Leciographa muscigenae (Anzi) Rehm]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens), source: Nordin & Tibell (2005)
source: Kalb (2004)
[Buellia triphragmioides Anzi, Mattickiolichen triphragmioides (Anzi) Tomas. & Cif.]
source: Nordin & Tibell (2005)
source: Sohrabi et al. (2013a)
[Acolium sancti-jacobi Tuck., Cyphelium sancti-jacobi (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Trachylia sancti-jacobi (Tuck.) Nyl.]
[Graphina anguiniformis (Vain.) Zahlbr]
source: Lendemer et al. (2009b)
[Graphina anguina (Mont.) Müll. Arg., Graphina anguina f. anguina (Mont.) Müll. Arg., Graphina anguina f. diffusa (Leight.) Erichsen, Graphina anguina f. divaricata (Leight.) Erichsen, Graphina anguina f. flexuosa (Leight.) Erichsen, Graphina anguina var. anguina (Mont.) Müll. Arg., Graphina anguina var. dendriticoides (Leight.) Zahlbr., Graphina anguina var. diffusa (Leight.) Zahlbr., Graphina anguina var. divaricata (Leight.) Zahlbr., Graphina anguina var. flexuosa (Leight.) Zahlbr., Graphina anguina var. pulverulenta (Arnold) A.L. Sm., Graphina inustula A.L. Sm., Graphis britannica Staiger, Graphis inustula Stirt., Graphis pulverulenta (Sm. & Sowerby) Lightf., Graphis pulverulenta f. betulina (Pers.) Szatala, Graphis pulverulenta f. elongata (Ehrh.) Szatala, Graphis pulverulenta f. minor (Hepp) Szatala, Graphis pulverulenta f. pulverulenta (Pers.) Ach., Graphis pulverulenta f. rugosa (Ach.) Szatala, Graphis pulverulenta f. stellaris (Meyen) Szatala, Graphis scripta var. divaricata Leight., Graphis sophistica var. dendriticoides Leight., Graphis sophistica var. diffusa Leight., Graphis sophistica var. divaricata (Leight.) Leight., Graphis sophistica var. flexuosa Leight., Graphis sophistica var. pulverulenta (Arnold) Leight., Stenographa anguina (Mont.) Mudd, Stenographa anguina var. anguina (Mont.) Mudd, Stenographa anguina var. diffusa Mudd, Stenographa anguina var. divaricata (Leight.) Mudd, Stenographa anguina var. flexuosa Mudd, Stenographa anguina var. radiata (Leight.) Mudd, Thalloloma pulverulentum Arnold, Ustalia anguina Mont., Ustalia anguina var. anguina Mont., Ustalia anguina var. flexuosa (Leight.) Malbr.]
source: Staiger (2002), Tripp et al. (2010)
[Graphis cinnabarina Fée, Phaeographis cinnabarina (Fée) Müll.Arg.]
source: Kocourková et al. (2010)
[Graphis hypolepta Nyl., Platythecium hypoleptum (Nyl.) M. Nakan. & Kashiw.]
source: Lendemer & Knudsen (2008b)
[Endocarpon crombiei Mudd, Nesolechia vermicularis Arnold, Pharcidia crombiei (Mudd) Sacc. & D. Sacc.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
[Cladonia subuliformis (Ehrh.) Hoffm., Cladonia vermicularis var. subuliformis (Ehrh.) Schaer., Lichen subuliformis Ehrh., Thamnolia vermicularis f. subuliformis (Ehrh.) Harm., Thamnolia vermicularis subsp. subuliformis (Ehrh.) Schaer., Thamnolia vermicularis var. subuliformis (Ehrh.) Schaer.]
[Baeomyces vermicularis (Sw.) Ach., Cenomyce vermicularis (Sw.) Röhl., Cenomyce vermicularis var. vermicularis (Sw.) Ach., Cladonia amaurocraea var. vermicularis (Sw.) Flot., Cladonia gracilis var. vermicularis (Sw.) Mitt., Cladonia uncialis var. vermicularis (Sw.) Link, Cladonia vermicularis (Sw.) DC., Lichen vermicularis Sw., Patellaria fusca var. vermicularis (Sw.) Wallr., Patellaria turbinata f. leucitica Wallr., Pycnothelia vermicularis (Sw.) Dufour, Stereocaulon vermiculare (Sw.) Raeusch., Thamnolia subvermicularis Asah., Thamnolia subvermicularis f. subvermicularis Asahina, Thamnolia subvermicularis var. subvermicularis Asahina, Thamnolia vermicularis var. vermicularis (Sw.) Schaer.]
[Fissurina quassiicola Fée, Graphina pyelodes F. Wilson, Graphis quassiicola (Fée) Vain., Phaeographina quassiaecola (Fée) Müll.Arg., Phaeographina quassiaecola f. quassiaecola (Fée) Müll.Arg., Phaeographina quassiaecola f. toxopaei (Zahlbr.) Redinger, Phaeographina quassiicola (Fée) Müll.Arg., Phaeographina quassiicola f. quassiicola (Fée) Müll.Arg., Phaeographina quassiicola f. toxopaei (Zahlbr.) Redinger, Thecaria quassiaecola Fée]
source: Staiger (2002)
[Microglaena brasiliensis Müll.Arg.]
source: Harris (1995a)
source: Morse (2016)
[Microglaena sychnogonoides Zahlbr., Thelenella sychnogonioides (Zahlbr.) R.C. Harris]
[Microglaena hassei Zahlbr.]
source: Harris (1995a)
[Microglaena inductula (Nyl.) Servít, Polyblastia inductula (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Polyblastiopsis inductula (Nyl.) Fink, Verrucaria inductula Nyl.]
[Luykenia modesta (Nyl.) Trevis., Microglaena modesta (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Microglaena modesta f. modesta (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Microglaena modesta f. septentrionalis (Th. Fr.) H. Magn., Microglaena modesta var. carneofusca Makar., Microglaena modesta var. modesta (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Microglaena subcorallina Hasse, Polyblastia modesta (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Verrucaria modesta Nyl.]
source: Morse (2016)
[Microglaena pertusariella (Nyl.) Norman, Verrucaria pertusariella Nyl.]
source: Harris (1995a)
source: Harris (1995a)
source: Harris (1995a)
[Microglaena sordidula Th. Fr.]
[Microglaena sychnogonoides Zahlbr., Thelenella harrisii H. Mayrhofer]
source: Harris (1995a)
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