Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2002. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 1.

Life habit: lichenized Thallus: crustose, effuse, rimose, up to 0.2 mm thick upper cortex: white to yellowish, smooth to verrulose; lacking but with an epinecral layer with some scattered, hyaline hyphae; interwoven hyphae with hyaline tips, or with epinecral layer embedded in a yellow-brown gelatinous substance medulla: white and cretaceous, plectenchymatous, interspersed with granules and crystals of unknown nature (K soluble) photobiont: primary one a trentepohlioid alga, secondary photobiont absent lower cortex: absent lower surface: pale or blackish, attached by rhizoidal web, partly with additional rhizines of longitudinally arranged hyphae prothallus: often present, thin, smooth, black Ascomata: perithecioid, up to 0.4 mm diam., immersed, rounded, oval, or elongate, not aggregated into stroma-like structures; thalline margin: undifferentiated; disc: plane, black; proper exciple: up to 10 µm thick, hyaline to pale below; hypothecium: hyaline to pale below, fusing with the medulla; hymenium: up to 150 µm thick, I+ blue, K/I+ pale blue asci: bitunicate with fissitunicate dehiscence, c. 80 x 17 µm, endoascus: two layered, both layers hemiamyloid (K/I+ blue), but with thin, strongly amyloid band in the internal endoascus, with ± distinguishable ring structure and small ocular chamber, 8-spored ascospores: simple, septate or muriform, constricted at one or more septa, thick-walled, oblong-ovoid to elongate-fusiform, the upper apex rounded and narrowing to lower end, hyaline to dark brown, usually with thick gelatinous sheath, 24-33 (-35) x 5-7 (-8) µm, 6-8 (-9) septate Conidiomata: pycnidial, punctiform, laminal, immersed or subimmersed, unilocular, with colorless walls or reddish brown in the upper part conidia: filiform and curved or rarely straight Pycnidia: not seen Spot tests: thallus and medulla K- or K+ yellowish, C-, KC-, P- Secondary metabolites: beta-orcinol depsides or depsidones and/or pigments Geography: SW North America, the Carribean, Brazil, western and SW Europe Substrate and ecology: on bark Substrate: on bark or rocks. World and Sonoran distribution: only known from one coastal locality in Orange County in southern California.