Global occurrence: Antarctic – Antarctica | Eurasia – Europe | Americas – North America (incl Mexico) | Americas – South and Central America | Arctic | Antarctic – Southern Subpolar Islands, Subantarctic Islands.  Substrate: bryophytes – mosses, liverworts | rock – siliceous, siliciferous, acidic | rock, stones, pebbles – unspecified.  Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts).  Thallus: crustose (crustaceous) – episubstratal – unspecified; [th] upper surface: brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon); [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: absent.  Ascomata: absent | present; ascoma: apothecial, apothecioid – hymenial; ascoma [mm]: (low) 0.2 (high) 0.7; ascoma: sessile, superficial; [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: plane, flat, flattened, expanded | subconvex, slightly convex; [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon) | grey(ish) brown; [ascm, if apoth] margin excipular photobionts: absent | present; [ascm, if apoth] subhymenial layers, hypothecium; [if perith] basal excipulum: hyaline, colourless; [ascm] paraphyses/-oids: present.  Asci: lecanoralean; [asc] tholus: thickened; [asc] tholus amyloidity (iodine reaction): present; [asc] tholus amyloidity pattern: amyloid with widening axial body towards the apex (= Lecanora-, Parmelia-, Rinodina-types etc).  Ascospores: (median) 8.0; [asp] shape: ellipsoidal; [asp] length [µm]: (low) 16.0 (high) 24.0; [asp] width [µm]: (low) 7.0 (high) 10.0; [asp] septa: present; [asp] septa: transversely septate; [asp] transversal septa: (median) 1.0; [asp] pigmentation: pale brown | medium brown, brownish | dark brown; [asp] perispore, epispore: ornamented, rough, warted, striate, cracked.  Secondary metabolites: present, pannarin | zeorin (hopane-6α,22-diol).  Primary photobiont: present, chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid.  Secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent.