Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts) thallus: foliose (foliaceous), leaf-like [th] upper surface: black(ish) | brown(ish) black [th upper surface]: epruinose [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: absent [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) width [mm]: (low) 2.0 (high) 8.0 [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, squamules): distantly discontiguous [th] morphol substructures (eg lobes, branches): subdichotomous [th] lower surface: black(ish) | white(ish) | brown(ish) black [th lower surface] specific structures: present ascomata: absent secondary metabolites: absent primary photobiont: present secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent primary photobiont: cyanobacterial.

substrate: soil, clay, humus, turf, detritus, dead leaves | bryophytes – mosses, liverworts | lichens, lichenized fungi.