Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2.
Life habit: lichenicolous, parasitic, non-lichenized Ascomata: perithecial, solitary or grouped, superficial on a white, thin, byssoid stroma or stroma lacking, hyaline to pale orange or pale pink when fresh, K-, broadly pyriform to globose or subglobose, ostiolate, collapsing laterally or not when dry, smooth, scurfy or with short, septate hairs; wall: relatively thin, less than 30 µm thick, outer region of angular to elongate cells with wall slightly thickened, inner region of hyaline, thin-walled, elongate cells hymenium: orange, I- and KI- paraphyses: not observed periphyses: present asci: clavate to cylindrical, unitunicate, without a distinct ocular chamber, without any amyloid reactions (I- and KI-), 2-8-spored ascospores: hyaline, multiseptate transversely to muriform, smooth, fusiform to ellipsoid with long, narrow, straight or curved appendages at each end Conidiomata: unknown Geography: Europe, Asia and North America Substrate: thallus of lichens. Note: Ciliomyces Höhnel is a synonym for Paranectria.