Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2002. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 1.
Thallus: squamulose squamules: small, 1-2 mm wide, 200-300 micro meter thick, loosely aggregated, ascending, with finely divided margins upper surface: olive- or brownish green medulla: subparaplectenchymatous (hyphae divided into many globular cells of 5-8 micro meter diam.); algal layer: throughout most of the thallus; algal cells: 6-10 micro meter diam. lower cortex: lacking lower surface: pale to brownish; rhizohyphae: hyaline or pale brownish, mostly aggregated to form hapter-like or almost rhizine-like bundles Perithecia: pyriform, up to 0.25 mm diam., with colorless walls asci: clavate, 50-60 x 13-15 micro meter, 8-spored ascospores: narrowly ellipsoidal, 15-22 x 5-6 micro meter Spot tests: all negative Secondary metabolites: none detected. Substrate and ecology: over soil or acidic rocks and among mosses World distribution: known only from SW North America and the West Indies Sonoran distribution: Santa Monica Range in southern California and southern Arizona.