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Umbilicaria mammulata (Ach.) Tuck.  
Family: Umbilicariaceae
Umbilicaria mammulata image
Stephen Sharnoff  
Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts) thallus: peltate, umbilicate thallus: continuous, diffuse, effuse [th] upper surface: brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon) | brown(ish) green (olivaceous, olive green) | green(ish) brown (olive brown) | red(dish) brown (if pale: orange brown) [th upper surface]: pruinose [th upper surface] pruina: scarce, sparse, fine [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: absent [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) width [mm]: (low) 60.0 (high) 300.0 [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, squamules): distantly discontiguous [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) upper surface: smooth, plane | granulose, granular | rugose, plicate, folded, pustulate, faveolate, wrinkled [th] lower surface: black(ish) [th lower surface] specific structures: present [th lower surface] rhizines, rhizoid structures: present [th lower surface] rhizines, rhizinoid structures: unbranched, simple ascomata: absent | present ascoma: apothecial, apothecioid – hymenial ascoma [mm]: (low) 2.0 (high) 4.0 ascoma: sessile, superficial | subpedicellate, substipitate, subpedunculate, substalked [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: plane, flat, flattened, expanded | subconvex, slightly convex | convex [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: black(ish) [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: epruinose [ascm, if apoth] margin surface; [if perith] periostiolar area, ostiole, involucrellum: black(ish) [ascm, if apoth] margin excipular photobionts: absent [ascm, if apoth] subhymenial layers, hypothecium; [if perith] basal excipulum: brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon) [ascm] paraphyses/-oids: present [ascm] paraphyses/-oid cells width [µm]: (low) 2.4 (high) 3.0 [ascm] paraphyses/-oid apical cells width [µm]: (low) 3.0 (high) 3.3 [ascm] epihymenium, epithecium: black(ish) asci: lecanoralean [asc] tholus: thickened [asc] tholus amyloidity (iodine reaction): present [asc] tholus amyloidity pattern: entirely amyloid (= Catillaria-, Teloschistes-types etc) ascospores: (median) 8.0 [asp] shape: ellipsoidal [asp] length [µm]: (low) 16.0 (high) 25.0 [asp] width [µm]: (low) 8.0 (high) 15.0 [asp] septa: absent – spore lumen unilocular, monolocular [asp] pigmentation: hyaline, colourless | medium brown, brownish [asp] perispore, epispore: not apparent secondary metabolites: present secondary metabolites: gyrophoric acid primary photobiont: present secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent primary photobiont: chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid.

substrate: rock – siliceous, siliciferous, acidic.
Umbilicaria mammulata image
Umbilicaria mammulata image
Umbilicaria mammulata image
Umbilicaria mammulata image
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