|
Family:
Psoraceae
[Biatora irrubata (Ach.) Kernst., more, Biatora rupestris (Scop.) Fr., Biatora rupestris f. lutescens Vain. ex Hav., Biatora rupestris f. rupestris (Scop.) Fr., Biatora rupestris var. alpina Arnold, Biatora rupestris var. incrustans DC., Biatora rupestris var. rupestris (Scop.) Fr., Biatora rupestris var. sanguinea Arnold, Biatora rupestris var. terricola Anzi, Biatora viridiflavescens (Wulfen) Fr., Biatorina irrubata (Ach.) Arnold, Callopisma rupestre (Scop.) Walt. Watson, Callopisma rupestre f. rupestre (Scop.) Walt. Watson, Callopisma rupestre var. rupestre (Scop.) Walt. Watson, Caloplaca irrubata (Ach.) Kieffer, Lecanora irrubata (Ach.) Nyl., Lecanora irrubata f. irrubata (Ach.) Nyl., Lecanora irrubata subsp. irrubata (Ach.) Nyl., Lecanora rupestris (Scop.) Nyl., Lecanora rupestris f. rupestris (Scop.) Nyl., Lecidea irrubata (Ach.) Lam., Lecidea rupestris (Scop.) Ach., Lecidea rupestris f. alpina (Arnold) Vain., Lecidea rupestris f. calva Dicks., Lecidea rupestris f. lutescens (Vain.) Vain., Lecidea rupestris f. rupestris (Scop.) Ach., Lecidea rupestris subsp. rupestris (Scop.) Ach., Lecidea rupestris subsp. terricola (Anzi) Th. Fr., Lecidea rupestris var. irrubata (Ach.) Ach., Lecidea rupestris var. rupestris (Scop.) Ach., Lecidea rupestris var. viridiflavescens (Wulfen) J. Steiner, Lecidea viridiflavescens (Wulfen) Ach., Lichen irrubatus Ach., Lichen rupestris Scop., Lichen viridiflavescens Wulfen, Patellaria irrubata (Ach.) duby, Patellaria rupestris (Scop.) DC., Placodium rupestre (Scop.) Branth & Rostr., Placodium rupestre f. rupestre (Scop.) Branth & Rostr., Placodium rupestre var. rupestre (Scop.) Branth & Rostr., Protoblastenia irrubata (Ach.) Zahlbr., Protoblastenia rupestris var. irrubata (Ach.) Szatala]
 Stephen Sharnoff |
Thallus: crustose, superficial, 0.1-0.3 mm thick, rimose to areolate areoles: angular, plane to slightly convex, up to 0.5 mm wide surface: gray to pale brown to olivaceous, opaque cortex: 20-40 µm thick Apothecia: scattered, in loose groups, or gregarious, 50-300 per cm², orbicular to slightly lingulate, sessile, not constricted at base, (0.25)0.4-0.5(-0.7) mm in diam. disc: bright orange to brown when old, plane to slightly to distinctly convex, K+ red to violet margin: indistinct, becoming excluded exciple: hyaline to pale orange, inhomogeneously pigmented, with parallel-radiate hyphae epihymenium: orange to brown, 8-12 µm thick hymenium: hyaline to pale yellow, 70120 µm tall; paraphyses: 2-2.6-4 µm wide, branched and anastomosing, apically slightly thickened, 2.5-4.5 µm wide; hypothecium: hyaline or pale yellow to pale orange, inhomogeneously pigmented asci: clavate, 8-spored ascospores: hyaline, simple, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid to oval, (9-)11-14(-16.5) x (5-)6-8(-9) µm Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC-, P- Secondary metabolites: apothecia with anthraquinone pigments. Substrate and ecology: calcareous rock, also common on anthropogenous substrates like walls, borderings, and gravestones, in partially to fully shaded habitats, from lowland to the subalpine zone World distribution: widespread in boreal to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, extending to the Southern Hemisphere Sonoran distribution: Arizona at intermediate elevations.
|