Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts) thallus: fruticose (fruticous), shrub-like, beard-like [th] upper surface: yellow(ish) (if dull: buff) | yellow(ish) green [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: absent [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) upper surface: pseudocyphellate, with pseudocyphellae ascomata: absent | present ascoma: apothecial, apothecioid – hymenial asci: lecanoralean [asc] tholus: thickened [asc] tholus amyloidity (iodine reaction): present [asc] tholus amyloidity pattern: amyloid with widening axial body towards the apex (= Lecanora-, Parmelia-, Rinodina-types etc) [asp] septa: absent – spore lumen unilocular, monolocular [asp] pigmentation: hyaline, colourless secondary metabolites: present secondary metabolites: diffractaic acid | usnic acid primary photobiont: present secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent primary photobiont: chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid.

substrate: soil, clay, humus, turf, detritus, dead leaves | bryophytes – mosses, liverworts | bark, cork, plant surface – trunks, branches, twigs.