Family: Teloschistaceae
[ Borrera candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Kickx , more, Callopisma candelarium (L.) Trevis., Courtoisia candelaris (L.) L. Marchand, Diblastia candelaria (L.) Trevis., Imbricaria candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Chevall., Lecanora candelaria var. candelaria (L.) Ach., Lepropinacia candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) A. St.-Hil., Lichen candelarius L., Lobaria candelaria (L.) Hoffm., Parmelia candelaria var. candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Ach., Parmelia candelaria var. lychnea Ach., Parmelia parietina f. candelaris (L.) Körb., Patellaria candelaris (L.) DC., Physcia candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Anzi, Physcia candelaria var. candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Anzi, Physcia candelaria var. pulvinata Anzi, Physcia controversa var. lychnea (Ach.) Rabenh., Physcia lychnea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia lychnea f. lychnea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia lychnea f. stenophylla Harm., Physcia lychnea var. lychnea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia parietina var. lychnea , Physcia polycarpa var. lychnea (Ach.) Vain., Placodium candelarium Weber ex F.H. Wigg., Placodium candelarium f. candelarium (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg., Placodium candelarium f. chlorinum (Harm.) Gyeln., Placodium candelarium f. citrinum (Kremp.) Gyeln., Placodium candelarium f. granulosum (Harm.) Gyeln., Placodium candelarium var. candelarium (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg., Placodium candelarium var. effusum (Tuck.) Gyeln., Placodium candelarium var. pulvinatum (Anzi) Gyeln., Placodium candelarium var. substellatum (Ach.) Gyeln., Psora candelaria (L.) Baumg., Psoroma candelarium (L.) Gray, Pyrenodesmia candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Trevis., Teloschistes candelarius (L.) Fink, Teloschistes candelarius var. candelarius (L.) Fink, Teloschistes candelarius var. laciniosus (Dufour) Fink, Teloschistes candelarius var. pygmaeus (Bory) Fink, Teloschistes parietinus var. lychneus (Ach.) F. Wilson, Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria controversa var. lychnea (Ach.) Rabenh., Xanthoria lychnea (Ach.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria lychnea f. antarctica Vain., Xanthoria lychnea f. lychnea (Ach.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria lychnea var. lychnea (Ach.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria lychnea var. polycarpa (Ehrh.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria lychnea var. pygmaea (Borrer) Th. Fr.] |
Thallus: foliose to subfruticose, forming small cushions up to 3 cm wide or extensive colonies, lobate lobes: dorsiventral to subterete, 0.2-0.5 mm wide; tips: 0.1-0.3 mm wide, ±terete upper surface: yellow to light orange, smooth to somewhat coarse, often wrinkled, sorediate soredia: granular, blastidious, marginal to submarginal or XANTHORIA at lobe tips medulla: white, reticulate, with short to elongate hyphae lower surface: white to yellow, somewhat wrinkled, rarely with short, white hapters Apothecia: rare, laminal or appearing terminal, stipitate, up to 4 mm in diam.; margin: smooth but often sorediate or lobulate; disc: orange; epihymenium: brown, c. 10 µm thick; hymenium: hyaline below, 60-90 µm tall; hypothecium: hyaline to pale brown, 25-70 µm thick; paraphyses: simple or branched, cylindrical, septate asci: clavate, 8-spored ascospores: ellipsoid, polarilocular, hyaline, 12-15 x 5.5-8 µm; septum: 3-6 µm wide Pycnidia: common, immersed, concolorous with upper surface or slightly darker conidia: ellipsoid, 2.3-3 x 1-1.5 µm Spot tests: upper surface K+ purple, C-, KC-, P- Secondary metabolites: parietin (major), fallacinal, emodin, teloschistin and parietinic acid. Habitat and ecology: on bark, rock, and detritus, generally sun-exposed and nutrient rich World distribution: circumpolar and into temperate regions on the subantarctic islands Sonoran distribution: scattered in Arizona, southern California and northwestern Baja California. Notes: Xanthoria candelaria is a very variable taxon occurring on a wide variety of substrates, and it is in need of taxonomic revision throughout its distribution area. In the Sonoran region, X. candelaria is most likely to be confused with X. tenuiloba and X. ascendens. The lobes of X. tenuiloba are very narrow and variable, and the color is mostly pale gray or dull and very rarely as brightly pigmented as in X. candelaria. See also notes for X. ascendens. |