Family: Parmeliaceae
[ Imbricaria perforata (Wulfen) Körb. , more, Lichen perforatus Wulfen, Lobaria perforata (Wulfen) Michx., Parmelia ciliata (DC.) Nyl., Parmelia concors Kremp., Parmelia laevigata var. reticulata (Taylor) Linds., Parmelia leucosemotheta Hue, Parmelia leucosemotheta f. isidiata Hue, Parmelia leucosemotheta f. leucosemotheta Hue, Parmelia macquariensis C.W. Dodge, Parmelia perforata f. perforata (Wulfen) Ach., Parmelia perforata var. ciliata Nyl., Parmelia perforata var. perforata (Wulfen) Ach., Parmelia pseudovirens Gyeln., Parmelia reticulata Taylor, Parmelia reticulata f. nuda Hue, Parmelia reticulata f. reticulata Taylor, Parmelia reticulata var. corniculata Abbayes, Parmelia reticulata var. discedens Hillmann, Parmelia reticulata var. reticulata Taylor, Parmelia urceolata var. sorediifera Müll. Arg., Parmelia urceolata var. subcetrata Müll. Arg., Parmelia virens var. sorediata Müll. Arg., Parmotrema leucosemothetum (Hue) Hale, Parmotrema pseudovirens (Gyeln.) Elix, Platisma perforatum (Wulfen) Hoffm., Rimelia reticulata (Taylor) Hale & Fletcher] |
Thallus: foliose, loosely adnate, 4-20 cm in diam., lobate lobes: subirregular, elongate, slightly imbricate, plane, separate, 5-15 mm wide; margin: deeply crenate; apices: rotund, sometimes subascending, ciliate; cilia: simple, up to 3.0 mm long upper surface: pale gray to gray-green, smooth, dull, strongly reticulately maculate soredia: common, powdery to subpustular, laminal or marginal, in linear to orbicular soralia that are often subcapitate, or spreading and becoming somewhat diffuse; isidia, pustulae and dactyls absent medulla: white with continuous algal layer lower surface: black with narrow brown to rarely white, papillate zone peripherally, centrally rhizinate; rhizines: scattered to dense, mostly simple (to squarrose), black Apothecia: rare, submarginal, substipitate, up to 8 mm in diam.; margin: thick, thalline, entire to crenulate, sorediate; disc: perforate, brown to dark brown, concave ascospores: simple, hyaline, ellipsoid, 12-18 x 8-11 µm Pycnidia: rare, punctiform conidia: filiform, 12-16 x 1-1.5 µm Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow turning deep red, C-, KC-, P+ orange Secondary metabolites: upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with salazinic acid (major) and consalazinic acids (minor). Substrate and ecology: commonly on rocks, also on trees in open habitats World distribution: pansubtropical and pantemperate; North and South America, Africa, southern Asia, Australasia, Oceania Sonoran distribution: common in SE Arizona and southwards in the Sierra Madre Occidental region of Chihuahua, Sonora and Sinaloa and southern mountains of Baja California Sur. |