Family: Coccocarpiaceae
[ Circinaria erythroxyli (Spreng.) Fée , more, Coccocarpia aurantiaca (Hook. f. & Taylor) Mont. & Bosch, Coccocarpia aurantiaca var. aurantiaca (Hook. f. & Taylor) Mont. & Bosch, Coccocarpia aurantiaca var. furfuracea Müll.Arg., Coccocarpia ciliolata Mont., Coccocarpia cronia var. aurantiaca (Hook. f. & Taylor) Vain., Coccocarpia leucorrhiza Hampe, Coccocarpia parmelioides (Hook.) Tuck. ex M.A. Curtis, Coccocarpia pellita var. mesomorpha Müll.Arg., Coccocarpia pellita var. parmelioides (Hook. f.) Müll. Arg., Coccocarpia pellita var. semiincisa Müll.Arg., Lecidea erythroxyli Spreng., Lecidea parmelioides Hook. f., Pannaria aurantiaca (Hook. f. & Taylor) Schwend., Pannaria ciliolata (Mont.) Hue, Pannaria parmelioides (Hook. f.) Colmeiro, Pannaria parmelioides var. parmelioides (Hook. f.) Colmeiro, Pannaria parmelioides var. pyrrhichocarpa Hue, Solorina aurantiaca Hook. f. & Taylor] |
Thallus: foliose, ± orbicular, 2-8 (-15) cm wide, adnate to loosely adnate, with or without concentric rings, lobate, lobes: flabellate or cuneate, 1-3 (-7) mm wide, contiguous to imbricate or well separated, lobulate (especially older parts) and weakly branched; apices: rounded and deflexed, broader than interior parts of the lobes, usually incised upper surface: light gray to dark bluish gray when dry, darker when wet, smooth, usually glossy, rarely scabrid, epruinose, sometimes with concentric, curved ridges; lacking isidia, but often with small rounded, laminal or marginal accessory lobules in central parts of the thallus upper cortex: white or pale yellow, 12-20 µm thick, with an epicortex cortex: hyaline to black, 12-20 µm thick medulla: white or pale yellow, loose, 30-60 µm thick lower surface: usually pale brown but sometimes deeper brown to black, glabrous, rhizinate; rhizines: white, light to dark brown or black (black in Sonoran material), scarce to numerous, sometimes forming a dense hypothallus Apothecia: usually present, laminal, irregularly orbicular, 1-4 (-9) mm wide, adnate or sessile, orbicular; margin: thin, only visible in young apothecia, sometimes with white hairs (especially towards base of apothecia and hidden when viewed from above); disc: reddish brown to black (black in Sonoran material), flat to strongly convex; exciple: hyaline or light brown, up to 200 µm thick but covered by disc, epihymenium: pale brown or brownish or black, 4-8 µm thick; hymenium: colorless, 40-60 µm high; paraphyses: ± branched, septate, apically capitate; subhymenium: pale brown to almost black, up to 100 µm thick asci: narrowly clavate, 8-spored ascospores: narrowly to broadly fusiform to ellipsoid, hyaline, simple, often with two oil droplets, 7-14 x 3-5 µm Pycnidia: laminal or marginal, immersed or sessile, ostiole dark conidia: bacilliform, 2-4 x 1 µm Spot tests: all negative Secondary metabolites: none detected (reports of atranorin may be in error). Habitat and ecology: on rocks and soil among mosses in moist habitats, but also on tree trunks (Quercus etc.) World distribution: pantropical and subtropical with a few outlying temperate to arctic localities Sonoran distribution: scattered locations in SE Arizona and south along the Sierra Madre Occidental in Chihuahua, Sonora and Sinaloa. |