Home > Ecuador > Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi of Ecuador
Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi of Ecuador
Includes taxa from following child checklists:
Taxa explicitly excluded: Erroneous Reports of Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi from Ecuador
Authors: 1,2,3,22Alba Yánez-Ayabaca, 1,4,22Ángel Benítez, 1,2,22Rosa Batallas Molina, 1,5,22Domenica Naranjo, 1,6,22Javier Etayo, 1,7,22María Prieto, 1,4,22Gabriela Cevallos Solórzano, 1,8,22Erika Caicedo, 9Klara Scharnagl, 10Britton McNerlin, 10Santiago Swanson, 7Gregorio Aragón, 7Noelia Fernández-Prado, 7Isabel Martínez, 11Ana Rosa Burgaz, 1,4,7,22Ximena Yadira González, 1,4,22Jorge Déleg, 1,4,22Marlon Vega, 12Pieter van den Boom, 13,14Nicolas Magain, 1,15,22Fredy Nugra, 1,16,22Tania Oña, 17Patricia Jaramillo, 17Justine Villalba-Alemán, 18,19,20,22Bibiana Moncada, 21,22Jesús Hernández, 10Edward Erik Gilbert & *1,2,10,17,22Frank Bungartz

Citation: Yánez-Ayabaca, A. et al. (2023) Lichens, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Ecuador, Version #01. Consortium of Lichen Herbaria. Symbiota Checklist, published online at https://lichenportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?clid=1283&pid

Locality: Ecuador

Abstract:

Check out our recent open access publication "Towards a dynamic checklist of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Ecuador" in The Lichenologist.

1Grupo Ecuatoriano de Liquenología (GEL), Ecuador
2Herbario Nacional del Ecuador (QCNE), Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Ecuador
3Universidad Central de Quito, Ecuador
4Herbario HUTPL, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Apartado postal 11-01-618, Ecuador
5Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
6Navarro Villoslada 16, 38 dcha, 31003 Pamplona, Navarro, Spain
7Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
8Fungario QCAM, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Pichincha 17-01-2184, Ecuador
9University & Jepson Herbaria, University of California - Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building # 2465, Berkeley, California 94720-2465, USA
10Biodiversity Integration Knowledge Center, Arizona State University, PO Box 874108, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4108, USA
11Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, 28040, Spain
12Arafura 16, 5691JA, Son, the Netherlands
13Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0338, USA
14Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBioS Research Center, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman B22, Quartier vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
15Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
16Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador
17Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador
18Botanischer Garten, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
19Negaunee Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
20Biología y Licenciatura en Biología, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Cra. 4 No. 26D-54, Torre de Laboratorios, Herbario, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
21Herbario Nacional de Venezuela, Instituto Experimental Jardín Botánico “Dr. Tobías Lasser”, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Venezuela
22Grupo Latinoamericano de Liquenolólogos (GLAL)

*corresponding author: frank.bungartz@asu.edu

Lichen-forming, Liquenicolous and Allied fungi of Ecuador / Líquenes, Hongos Liquenícolas y Hongos Relacionadas del Ecuador:
This checklist is the first comprehensive list of species, subspecies, varieties and forms of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi from all regions of Ecuador: El Oriente – the Ecuador's Amazon region; La Sierra – the high volcanoes of the Ecuadorian Andes and their foothills; La Costa – the Ecuadorian Pacific coast; and Las Galápagos – Ecuador's insular province. The checklists is part of Ecuador's national biodiversity assessment program ‘Biodiversidad Genética del Ecuador’, led by the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad del Ecuador (INABIO) and the Galapagos Lichen Inventory, supported by the Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands (CDF) and the Directorate of the Galapagos National Park (DPNG). To built this checklist, we compiled literature records of Ecuadorian lichen biota spanning from the late 19th century to the modern day. Using the biodiversity data management software Symbiota, we also used the tools built into the Consortium of Lichen Herbaria to include records based on specimens available in institutional and personal collections participating in the Consortium. A publication outlining best practices for compiling checklists with Symbiota, using our Ecuador Checklist as an example, is simultaneously published in The Lichenologist, where the first version of this checklist is also made available as a supplement.

Please click here to download the Reference List as a PDF.

This is the version #01 of this checklist, which can be downloaded as PDF here.

Notes: last updated 02 May 2023

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Families: 134
Genera: 513
Species: 2599
Total Taxa: 2610
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Normandina pulchella (Borrer) Nyl.
[Endocarpon pulchellum Borrer, Lauderlindsaya borreri (Leighton) R. Sant., Lenormandia jungermanniae Nyl., Lenormandia pulchella (Borrer) A. Massal., Normandina jungermanniae (Nyl.) Nyl., Normandina jungermanniae var. jungermanniae (Nyl.) Nyl., Normandina jungermanniae var. sorediosa H. Olivier, Polyblastia armericola Walt. Watson, Sphaeria borreri Tul., Verrucaria pulchella Borrer]
parasitized by Capronia normandinae & Nectria byssophila ; * = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Leptogium sp., source: Müller (1879), Weber (1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Davey (1999), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Mandl (2007), Ochoa-Jiménez et al. (2015), Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016), González et al. (2017a, b), Etayo (2017), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Aptroot, A. 64820 [CDS], Dal-Forno, M. 1193 E [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63789 [CDS], Nugra, F. 407 B [CDS], more...
Norrlinia peltigericola (Nyl.) Theiss. & Syd.
[Pleosphaeriopsis peltigericola (Nyl.) Vain., Pleosphaeropsis peltigericola (Nyl.) Vain., Pleosphaerulina peltigericola (Nyl.) Vouaux, Pleospora peltigericola (Nyl.) Zopf, Polyblastia peltigericola (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Verrucaria peltigericola Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Omphalina foliacea, source: Santesson (1989)
Obryzum friesii (Keissl.) Nik. Hoffm. & Hafellner
[Physalospora friesii Keissl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Leptogium sp., source: Etayo (2017)
Oceanoplaca caesiosorediata (Arup & van den Boom) Arup
[Caloplaca caesiosorediata Arup & van den Boom]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Oceanoplaca isidiosa (Vain.) Bungartz, Søchting & Arup
[Caloplaca isidiosa (Vain.) Zahlbr., Placodium isidiosum Vain.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Elix & McCarthy (1998), Weber (1986), Bungartz et al. (2020b); Bungartz, F. 8853 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9103 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5316 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3409 [CDS], more...
Ocellularia buckii Lücking
source: Déleg et al. (2021)
Ocellularia cavata (Ach.) Müll.Arg.
[Thelotrema cavatum Ach., Thelotrema cavatum var. cavatum Ach., Thelotrema cavatum var. confertum Nyl., Thelotrema cavatum var. dolichosporum Nyl., Thelotrema cavatum var. granuliferum Nyl., Thelotrema cavatum var. obturatum Nyl., Thelotrema cavatum var. planius Nyl., Thelotrema cavatum var. porinoides Nyl., Thelotrema cavatum var. submutatum Nyl., Thelotrema chrysotroma Vain.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
Ocellularia chonestoma (Leight.) Zahlbr.
[Ascidium chonestomum Leight.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
Ocellularia crocea (Kremp.) Overeem & D. Overeem
[Ascidium croceum Kremp., Phaeotrema croceum (Kremp.) Zahlbr.]
source: Lücking (2015); R. C. Harris 17835 [NY]
Ocellularia endoperidermica Lücking
Holotype NY, Harris 17905, source: Lücking (2015); R. C. Harris 17905 [NY]
Ocellularia landronii Hale
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
Ocellularia obturascens (Nyl.) Hale
[Leptotrema bahianum (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Leptotrema bahianum var. asiaticum Zahlbr., Leptotrema bahianum var. bahianum (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Leptotrema bahianum var. obturascens (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Leptotrema bahianum var. ruptum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Leptotrema obturascens (Nyl.) Hale, Myriotrema bahianum (Ach.) Hale, Ocellularia bahiana (Ach.) Hale, Thelotrema bahianum (Ach.) Ach., Thelotrema bahianum var. antillarum Vain., Thelotrema bahianum var. bahianum (Ach.) Ach., Thelotrema bahianum var. obturascens Nyl., Thelotrema bahianum var. ruptum Nyl., Thelotrema lepadinum var. bahianum Ach.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007), Déleg et al. (2021); Klara Scharnagl 1998 [MSC], Klara Scharnagl 2170 [MSC]
Ocellularia papillata (Leight.) Zahlbr.
[Thelotrema papillatum Leight.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
Ocellularia perforata (Leight.) Müll. Arg.
[Thelotrema perforatum Leight., Thelotrema perforatum var. perforatum Leight.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Klara Scharnagl 2022 [MSC]
Ocellularia pichinchensis Lücking
Holotype NY, Harris 17927, source: Lücking (2015); R. C. Harris 17927 [NY], R. C. Harris 17829 [NY]
Ocellularia rhodostroma (Mont.) Zahlbr.
[Ascidium rhodostroma Mont., Ascidium rhodostroma var. rhodostroma Mont., Ectolechia rhodostroma (Mont.) A. Massal., Thelotrema domingense var. rhodostromum (Mont.) Tuck.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Ocellularia terebrata (Ach.) Müll.Arg.
[Ocellularia terebrata f. subeminescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Ocellularia terebrata f. terebrata (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Ocellularia terebrata var. terebrata (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Thelotrema terebratum Ach., Thelotrema terebratum f. subeminescens Nyl., Thelotrema terebratum f. terebratum Ach., Thelotrema terebratum var. terebratum Ach.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
Ocellularia violacea Räsänen
[Ocellularia violacea var. glauca Räsänen, Ocellularia violacea var. violacea Räsänen]
Klara Scharnagl 1815 [MSC], Klara Scharnagl 1938 [MSC]
Ochrolechia austroamericana (Räsänen) Räsänen
[Ochrolechia pallescens var. austroamericana Räsänen]
source: Kukwa et al. (2013)
Ochrolechia parella (L.) A. Massal.
[Gasparrinia pallescens var. parella (L.) Tornab., Lecanora pallescens var. parella (L.) Schaer., Lecanora parella (L.) Ach., Lecanora parella f. parella (L.) Ach., Lecanora parella f. phloeoleuca Nyl., Lecanora parella var. parella (L.) Ach., Lichen parellus L., Ochrolechia pallescens var. parella (L.) Körb., Ochrolechia parella f. phloeoleuca (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Parmelia pallescens f. parella (L.) Durieu & Mont., Parmelia pallescens var. parella (L.) Fr., Parmelia parella (L.) Ach., Parmelia parella f. rupestris Schaer., Patellaria parella (L.) Hoffm., Patellaria parella var. rupestris DC., Rinodina parella (L.) Gray, Variolaria lactea Wahlenb. nom. illegit., Verrucaria parella (L.) F.H. Wigg.]
problematic, no modern record; the record in Cevallos (2012) is based on Návas (1908) from Pifo (near Quito), source: Návas (1908; as Lecanora parella), Cevallos (2012)
Opegrapha astraea Tuck.
[Melanographa leucina Müll. Arg., Melaspilea leucina (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Melaspilea octomera Müll.Arg., Opegrapha alborimosa Zahlbr., Opegrapha alborimosa f. alborimosa Zahlbr., Opegrapha alborimosa f. brevicarpa Redinger, Opegrapha alborimosa f. tenuirimis Redinger, Opegrapha alborimosa var. alborimosa Zahlbr., Opegrapha alborimosa var. candissima Redinger, Opegrapha alborimosa var. globulifica Redinger, Opegrapha alborimosa var. reticulata Redinger, Opegrapha alborimosa var. senescens Redinger, Opegrapha humilis Müll.Arg., Opegrapha interalbata Nyl., Opegrapha interveniens Müll.Arg., Opegrapha leucina Müll.Arg. ex Shirley]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Ertz, D. 11705 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63736 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9522 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65299 [CDS]
Opegrapha blakii Ertz & Diederich
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on sterile thallus similar to Ochrolechia, source: Ertz et al. (2004), Etayo (2017); K. Kalb 18420 [WIS]
Opegrapha chapsae Etayo
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Chapsa sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 25926, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25926 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. & Palice, Z. 25926 [QCAM]
Opegrapha diagrapha Nyl.
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Ertz, D. 11524 [CDS], Jonitz, H. 53 [CDS]
Opegrapha foreaui (C. Moreau & M. Moreau) Hafellner & R. Sant.
[Telimena foreaui C. Moreau & M. Moreau]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Heterodermia sp., source: Etayo (2017), van den Boom et al. (2022); Aptroot, A. 63266 A [CDS], Etayo, J. 20037 [hb. Etayo]
Opegrapha lambinonii Sérus.
source: Lücking (1999; as Opegrapha cf. lambinonii)
Opegrapha lopezariae Etayo & Sipman
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Lopezaria versicolor, Holotype B, Sipman 52589, source: Etayo (2017)
Opegrapha melanospila Müll.Arg.
[Mycobilimbia melanospila (Müll. Arg.) Vouaux]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Ertz, D. 11868 [CDS], Ertz, D. 11698 B [CDS], Ertz, D. 11849 B [CDS]
Opegrapha porinicola Matzer
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Phyllophiale alba, source: Lücking (1999)
Opegrapha serusiauxii Lücking
Holotype QCNE, Lücking 96-946, source: Lücking (2008); Lücking, R. 96-946 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
Opegrapha sphaerophoricola Isbrand & Alstrup
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Bunodophoron sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20153 [hb. Etayo]
Opegrapha stellanigra Etayo
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta cf. filix, Holotype QCA, Etayo 20116, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25378 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 19996 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25421 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20116 [hb. Etayo], more...
Opegrapha trochodes Coppins, F. Berger & Ertz
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 5845 [CDS]
Opegrapha uniseptata Matzer
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Strigula phyllogena, source: Lücking (1999)
Opegrapha velata (Müll. Arg.) Vain.
[Aulaxina velata Müll.Arg.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Gyalectidium filicinum, source: Lücking (1999), Lücking & Matzer (2001)
Opegrapha vulgata (Ach.) Ach.
[Graphis vulgata (Ach.) Wallr., Graphis vulgata var. periblastetica Wallr. nom.illegit., Hysterina vulgata (Ach.) Gray, Lichen vulgatus Ach., Opegrapha cinerea Chevall., Opegrapha cinerea f. cinerea Chevall., Opegrapha confluens (Ach.) Stizenb., Opegrapha devulgata Nyl., Opegrapha lithyrga var. confluens Ach., Opegrapha vulgata f. vulgata (Ach.) Ach., Opegrapha vulgata var. cinerea (Chevall.) Blomb. & Forssell, Opegrapha vulgata var. devulgata (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Opegrapha vulgata var. parallela Müll.Arg., Opegrapha vulgata var. vulgata (Ach.) Ach., Pyrenotea lutea Leight.]
source: Benítez et al. (2019; as Opegrapha aff. vulgata); Bungartz, F. 9541 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8901 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9409 [CDS], Ertz, D. 11502 [CDS]
Opegrapha xerica Torrente & Egea
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 9642 [CDS]
Orcularia elixii Kalb & Giralt
source: van den Boom & Elix (2022)
Orcularia insperata (Nyl.) Kalb & Giralt
[Amandinea insperata (Nyl.) H. Mayrhofer & Ropin, Berengeria metabolica (Ach.) Trevis., Buellia biloculata (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Buellia biloculata var. biloculata (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Buellia polospora (Leight.) Shirley, Buellia polospora var. polospora (Leight.) Shirley, Lecania fuscella f. metabolica (Ach.) Grummann, Lecanora biloculata (Nyl.) Nyl., Lecanora insperata Nyl., Lecanora metabolica Ach., Lecidea biloculata Nyl., Lecidea insperata (Nyl.) Nyl., Lecidea polospora Leight., Lichen metabolicus (Ach.) Lam., Patellaria metabolica (Ach.) DC., Pseudobuellia biloculata (Nyl.) B. de Lesd., Rinodina biloculata (Nyl.) Sheard, Rinodina insperata (Nyl.) Malme, Rinodina metabolica (Ach.) Anzi, Rinodina metabolica var. exigua (Ach.) Körb., Rinodina metabolica var. maculiformis (Hepp) Körb., Rinodina metabolica var. metabolica (Ach.) Anzi, Rinodina metabolica var. phaeocarpa Müll.Arg., Rinodina metabolica var. volletica Flörke, Zeora metabolica (Ach.) Flot., Zeora metabolica var. metabolica (Ach.) Flot.]
source: Marbach (2000); K. Kalb 18478 [WIS], K. Kalb 18479 [WIS], K. Kalb 18504 [WIS]
Oropogon lorobic Essl.
source: Nöske et al. (2007), Mandl (2007); Lars Arvidsson 7198-A [hb. Esslinger]
Oropogon loxensis (Fée) Th. Fr.
[Alectoria loxensis (Fée) Nyl., Alectoria loxensis var. loxensis (Fée) Nyl., Atestia loxensis (Fée) Trevis., Cornicularia loxensis Fée, Oropogon loxensis f. loxensis (Fée) Th. Fr., Oropogon loxensis var. loxensis (Fée) Th. Fr.]
source: Müller (1879), Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907), Sipman (1992), van den Boom et al. (2022); C. Sperling B-1011 [ASU], S.R. Gradstein 169 [ASU], Asplund, E 47 [MSC], Asplund, E 277 [MSC], more...
Oropogon macilentus Essl.
source: Sipman (1992), Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004); Calvin R. Sperling 5258 [hb. Esslinger]
Oropogon pendulus Essl.
source: Sipman (1992)
Ovicuculispora parmeliae (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Etayo
[Cucurbitaria heterospora (Speg.) Kuntze, Diplodia parmeliae Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Diplodina parmeliae (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc., Nectria diplocarpa Ellis & Everh., Nectria heterospora Speg., Nectria parmeliae (Berk. & Curt.) D. Hawskw., Nectriopsis parmeliae (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Lobariella crenulata, Phaeophyscia sp., Parmotrema, and Flavopunctelia flaventior, source: Etayo (2017), van den Boom et al. (2022); Etayo, J. 20164 [hb. Etayo]
Pachnolepia pruinata (Pers.) Frisch & G. Thor
[Arthonia chiodectella Nyl., Arthonia impolita (Hoffm.) Borrer, Arthonia impolita f. impolita (Hoffm.) Borrer, Arthonia impolita f. subtilis (Erichsen) Zahlbr., Arthonia impolita var. chiodectonoides Tuck., Arthonia impolita var. fuscescens Erichsen, Arthonia impolita var. impolita (Hoffm.) Borrer, Arthonia impolita var. macrospora Erichsen, Arthonia pruinata (Pers.) A. L. Sm., Arthonia pruinosa Ach., Arthonia pruinosa var. pruinosa Ach., Arthonia pruinosa var. spilomatica Ach., Lecanactis impolita (Ehrh.) Fr., Leprantha impolita (Ehrh.) Körb., Lichen impolitus Ehrh., Lichen pruinatus Pers., Opegrapha impolita (Ehrh.) M. Choisy, Pachnolepia impolita (Ehrh.) A. Massal., Parmelia impolita (Ehrh.) Ach., Urceolaria impolita (Ehrh.) Link, Verrucaria impolita (Ehrh.) Hoffm.]
source: Benítez et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 3 [HUTPL]
Pallidogramme chrysenteron (Mont.) Staiger, Kalb & Lucking
[Graphis chrysenteron Mont., Leucogramma chrysenteron (Mont.) A. Massal., Phaeographina chrysenteron (Mont.) Müll.Arg.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Pannaria andina P.M. Jørg. & Sipman
Holotype GB, Arvidsson & Nilson 1984, source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004), Jørgensen & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015; as Parmeliella andina), Benítez (2016; as Parmeliella andina); Benítez, A. 311 [HUTPL], Arvidsson, L.; Nilson, D. 1984 [GB], Etayo, J. 25843 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 27015 [hb. Etayo]
Pannaria conoplea (Ach.) Bory
[Imbricaria conoplea (Ach.) DC., Pannaria pityrea (DC.) Degel. [G. Nilsson], Pannaria rubiginosa var. conoplea (Ach.) Körb., Parmelia conoplea Ach.]
source: Davey (1999), Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 308 [HUTPL]
Pannaria hookeri (Borrer) Nyl.
[Lecanora hookeri (Borrer) Hook., Lecanora leucolepis (Wahlenb.) Ach., Lichen hookeri Borrer, Lichen leucolepis Wahlenb., Pannaria leucolepis (Wahlenb.) Nyl., Parmelia leucolepis (Wahlenb.) Wallr., Squamaria leucolepis Hook., Zeora hookeri (Borrer) Flot.]
source: Jørgensen & Palice (2010)
Pannaria malmei Dodge
source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004), Jørgensen & Sipman (2004)
Pannaria mosenii C.W. Dodge
source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004), Jørgensen & Sipman (2004), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 309 [HUTPL]
Pannaria pannosa (Sw.) Nyl.
[Lecidea pannosa (Sw.) Ach., Lichen pannosus Sw., Pannaria mariana var. pannosa (Sw.) Hue, Parmelia pannosa (Sw.) Sw., Parmeliella pannosa (Sw.) Müll. Arg., Parmeliella pannosa var. pannosa (Sw.) Müll. Arg.]
source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Mandl (2007), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), van den Boom et al. (2022); Etayo, J. 26342 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26352 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25710 [hb. Etayo]
Pannaria prolificans Vain.
source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015); Benítez, A. 310 [HUTPL], Etayo, J. 25806 [hb. Etayo]
Pannaria rubiginosa (Ach.) Delise
[Amphiloma rubiginosum (Ach.) Hepp, Lecanora rubiginosa (Ach.) Nyl., Lichen affinis Dicks., Lichen crenulatus With., Lichen rubiginosus Ach., Parmelia plumbea var. affinis (Dicks.) Taylor, Parmelia rubiginosa (Ach.) Ach., Parmelia rubiginosa var. araneosa C. Bab., Parmelia rubiginosa var. rubiginosa (Ach.) Ach., Squamaria affinis (Dicks.) Hook., Trachyderma rubiginosum (Ach.) Norman, Zeora rubiginosa (Ach.) Flot.]
parasitized by Roselliniella pannariae, source: Leighton (1866), Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004), Jørgensen & Sipman (2004), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), van den Boom et al. (2022), Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25754 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 25591 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 17339 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26415 [hb. Etayo], more...
Pannaria tavaresii P.M. Jørg.
source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007)
Paragyalideopsis breussii Etayo
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 19941, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 19941 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. & Palice, Z. 19941 [QCAM]
Paragyalideopsis floridae (Etayo & Diederich) Etayo
[Gyalideopsis floridae Etayo & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Parmotrema sp., source: Etayo (2017)
Paragyalideopsis minuta Etayo
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Trypethelium annulare, Holotype QCA, Etayo 20154, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20154 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. & Palice, Z. 20154 [QCAM]
Parainoa subconcolor (Anzi) Resl & T. Sprib.
[Biatora subconcolor Anzi, Lecidea subconcolor (Anzi) Jatta, Trapelia subconcolor (Anzi) Hertel, Trapeliopsis subconcolor (Anzi) Hertel]
J. Etayo & Z. Palice 8600 [F], J. Etayo & Z. Palice 8354 [F]
Parallopsora brakoae (Timdal) Kistenich, Timdal & Bendiksby
[Phyllopsora brakoae Timdal]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
Parapyrenis aurora (Zahlbr.) Aptroot
[Microthelia aurora Zahlbr.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 63057 [CDS]
Parasiphula complanata (Hook. f. & Taylor) Kantvilas & Grube
[Siphula complanata (Hook. f. & Taylor) Ohlsson nom. inval., Siphula complanata  (Hook. f. & Taylor) R. Sant. nom. inval., Siphula patagonica Vain., Siphula subcoriacea Müll.Arg., Siphula subcoriacea var. subcoriacea Müll.Arg., Sphaerophorus complanatus Hook. f. & Taylor]
source: Arvidsson (1991), Sipman (1999), Cevallos (2012), Bussmann & Sharon (2009; mentioning ethnobotanical use of a not closely determined Siphula)
Parmelia camtschadalis (Ach.) Eschw.
[Borrera camtschadalis Ach., Evernia camtschadalis (Ach.) Mont., Imbricaria camtschadalis (Ach.) Jatta, Parmelia camtschadalis f. camtschadalis (Ach.) Eschw., Parmelia camtschadalis var. camtschadalis (Ach.) Eschw., Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis (Ach.) Hale]
Parmelia camtschadalis f. tenuis Müll.Arg.
[Parmelia camtschadalis var. tenuis (Müll. Arg.) Jatta, Parmelia cirrhata f. tenuis (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.]
problematic name not resolved; Müller (1879) suggests it is similar to Leucodermia leucomelos (≡ Physcia leucolema), source: Müller (1879)
Parmelia caraccensis Taylor
[Hypotrachyna caraccensis (Taylor) Hale, Parmelia caraccensis f. caraccensis Taylor, Parmelia caraccensis var. caraccensis Taylor, Parmelia cervicornis f. caraccensis (Taylor) Hue, Parmelia sinuosa var. caraccensis (Taylor) Linds.]
Parmelia caraccensis f. adspersa Zahlbr.
Type: Ecuador. El Altar: Auf dem Erdboden, steril, bei 4200 m Seehöhe [N. 341; W – ?holotype, according to Zahlbruckner (1905, p. 82)].; problematic, name not resolved, no modern record, source: Zahlbruckner (1905; as Parmelia caracassana var. guatemalensis f. adspersa)
Parmelia caraccensis var. guatemalensis J. Steiner
problematic, no modern record, source: Zahlbruckner (1905)
Parmelia cervicornis Tuck. ex Nyl.
[Parmelia laevigata var. cervicornis (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Leight.]
problematic, no modern record, source: Leighton (1866)
Parmelia confusa Du Rietz
problematic; an exsiccati specimen collected and identified by Asplund #82 as Parmelia confusa [Lichenes Austroamericani ex herbario Regnelliano (Santesson, Lich. Austroamer. Herb. Regnelliano [Stockholm] #355)] in WIS has been annotated by Hale as Parmelia nepalense, the specimen in S is also identified as such, but a specimen in O is annotated as Parmotrema confusum; none of these names are synonymous; Erik Asplund 82 [WIS]
Parmelia hildebrandtii Kremp.
problematic, name not resolved, no modern record, source: Müller (1891)
Parmelia laevigata (Sm.) Ach.
[Hypotrachyna laevigata (Sm.) Hale, Imbricaria laevigata (Sm.) Arnold, Lichen laevigatus Sm., Parmelia boliviana var. cephalota Zahlbr., Parmelia laevigata f. furfuracea Müll.Arg., Parmelia laevigata f. laevigata (Sm.) Ach., Parmelia laevigata f. luteoreagens Degel., Parmelia laevigata f. roseoreagens Degel., Parmelia laevigata f. sorediata Zahlbr., Parmelia laevigata subsp. extremi-orientalis Asahina, Parmelia laevigata subsp. laevigata (Sm.) Ach., Parmelia laevigata var. laevigata (Sm.) Ach., Parmelia laevigata var. obscuratella Müll.Arg., Parmelia laevigata var. tropica Zahlbr., Parmelia laevigata var. xanthomyela (Nyl.) Boistel, Parmotrema laevigatum (Sm.) M. Choisy]
Parmelia laevigata var. obscurata Müll. Arg.
problematic, name not resolved, no modern record, source: Müller (1879), Romeguère (1879)
Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach.
[Geissodea saxatilis (L.) J. St.-Hil., Imbricaria saxatilis (L.) Körb., Imbricaria saxatilis f. nigrescens Britzelm., Imbricaria saxatilis f. saxatilis (L.) Körb., Imbricaria saxatilis var. omphalodes (L.) Körb., Imbricaria saxatilis var. saxatilis (L.) Körb., Lichen laciniatus var. saxatilis (L.) Weiss, Lichen saxatilis L., Parmelia quercina f. furfuracea (Schaer.) Zahlbr., Parmelia saxatilis f. caesiopruinosa Nyl. ex Cromb., Parmelia saxatilis f. furfuracea Schaer., Parmelia saxatilis var. aizonii Delise ex Duby, Parmelia saxatilis var. furfuracea (Schaer.) Linds., Parmelia saxatilis var. panniformis, Parmotrema saxatile (L.) M. Choisy, Parmotrema saxatile var. aizoni (Delise) M. Choisy, Parmotrema saxatile var. saxatile (L.) M. Choisy, Platysma saxatile (L.) Frege]
source: Davey (1999), Cevallos (2012)
Parmeliella angustiloba P.M. Jørg. & Arv.
Holotype GB, Arvidsson et al. 6418, source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004); L. Arvidsson... 6418 dupl. [BG], Arvidsson, L.... 6418 [GB]
Parmeliella conopleioides P.M. Jørg.
source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004)
Parmeliella corallina P.M. Jørg. & Palice
Holotype PRA, Kulíšek, Palice 4387, source: Jørgensen & Palice (2010)
Parmeliella delicata P.M. Jørg. & Arv.
parasitized by Pygmaeosphaera sipmaniana, Holotype GB, Arvidsson & Nilsson 2095, source: Etayo (2017), Nöske et al. (2007), Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016); L. Arvidsson, Dan Nilsson 2095 dupl. [BG], Benítez, A. 312 [HUTPL], Arvidsson, L.; Nilson, D. 2095 [GB]
Parmeliella expansa P.M. Jørg. & Arv.
Holotype GB, Arvidsson & Arvidsson 3094, source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004); L. Arvidsson, A. 3094 dupl. [BG], Arvidsson, L.... 3094 [GB]
Parmeliella isidiopannosa P.M. Jørg.
source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004), Nöske et al. (2007)
Parmeliella miradorensis Vain.
source: Nöske et al. (2007), Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004), Jørgensen (2000), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 313 [HUTPL]
Parmeliella paramensis P.M. Jørg. & Arv.
Holotype GB, Arvidsson & Arvidsson 2729, source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004); Arvidsson, L.... 2729 [GB]
Parmelina lindmanii (Lynge) Hale
[Myelochroa lindmanii (Lynge) Elix & Hale, Parmelia lindmanii Lynge, Parmelinella lindmanii (Lynge) A.S.Rodrigues, Canez & A.P.Lorenz, Parmotrema lindmanii (Lynge) Kurok.]
source: Cevallos (2012), van den Boom et al. (2022)
Parmelinella wallichiana (Taylor) Elix & Hale
[Parmelia wallichiana Taylor, Parmelina wallichiana (Taylor) Hale, Pseudoparmelia wallichiana (Taylor) Krog & Swinscow]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022); Nugra, F. 70 A [CDS]
Parmotrema andinum (Müll. Arg.) Hale
[Parmelia andina Müll. Arg.]
Typification: André 4324; Lectotype G, Hannington s.n. (Designated by Hale, Contr. U.S. natnl. Herb. 36(5): 236. 1965). Registration Identifier 596457; problematic, no modern record, source: Müller (1879), Romeguère (1879)
Parmotrema arnoldii (Du Rietz) Hale
[Imbricaria nilgherrensis Arnold, Parmelia arnoldii Du Rietz, Parmelia arnoldii f. arnoldii Du Rietz, Parmelia arnoldii f. pallescens Asahina, Parmelia arnoldii f. subpallecsens Kurok., Parmelia subarnoldii Abbayes, Parmotrema subarnoldii (Abbayes) Hale]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Ochoa-Jiménez et al. (2015, 2018), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016), Benítez et al. (2019), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 317 [HUTPL]
Parmotrema austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale
[Parmelia austrosinensis Zahlbr.]
source: Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 318 [HUTPL]
Parmotrema bangii (Vain.) Hale
[Parmelia bangii Vain.]
source: González et al. (2019), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Bungartz, F. 5493 [CDS]
Parmotrema cactacearum Bungartz & Spielmann
native, questionably endem., Holotype: Bungartz 5888 [CDS 33565], source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019); Bungartz, F. 5888 [CDS]
Parmotrema cetratum (Ach.) Hale
[Parmelia cetrata Ach., Parmelia cetrata f. cetrata Ach., Parmelia cetrata var. cetrata Ach., Parmelia perforata subsp. cetrata (Ach.) Tuck., Parmelia perforata var. cetrata (Ach.) Fr., Rimelia cetrata (Ach.) Hale & Fletcher]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007); Erik Asplund L19 [S]
Parmotrema commensuratum (Hale) Hale
[Parmelia commensurata Hale, Rimelia commensurata (Hale) Hale & Fletcher]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
Parmotrema conferendum Hale
[Canomaculina conferenda (Hale) Elix, Rimeliella conferenda (Hale) Kurok.]
source: Chuquimarca et al. (2019)
Parmotrema confusum Hale
problematic; an exsiccati specimen collected and identified by Asplund #82 as Parmelia confusa [Lichenes Austroamericani ex herbario Regnelliano (Santesson, Lich. Austroamer. Herb. Regnelliano [Stockholm] #355)] in WIS has been annotated by Hale as Parmelia nepalense, the specimen in S is also identified as such, but a specimen in O is annotated as Parmotrema confusum; none of these names are synonymous; E. Asplund 82 [O]
Parmotrema cooperi (J. Steiner & Zahlbr.) Sérus.
[Parmelia cooperi J. Steiner & Zahlbr.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019); Aptroot, A. 65659 [CDS]
Parmotrema coralliforme (Hale) Hale
[Parmelia coralliformis Hale]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Parmotrema crinitum (Ach.) Choisy
[Imbricaria crinita (Ach.) Arnold, Imbricaria proboscidea (Taylor) Jatta, Parmelia chlorocarpa Müll. Arg., Parmelia crinita Ach., Parmelia crinita var. crinita Ach., Parmelia crinita var. inactiva H. Magn., Parmelia perforata subsp. crinita (Ach.) Tuck., Parmelia perlata f. dissectula Nyl., Parmelia proboscidea Taylor, Parmelia proboscidea f. bulbifera Hue, Parmelia proboscidea f. proboscidea Taylor, Parmelia proboscidea f. sorediifera (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Parmelia proboscidea var. corallina Müll.Arg., Parmelia proboscidea var. eciliata J.D. Zhao, Parmelia proboscidea var. ornatula Zahlbr., Parmelia proboscidea var. proboscidea Taylor, Parmelia proboscidea var. saxicola Sambo, Parmelia proboscidea var. sorediifera Müll.Arg., Parmotrema crinita (Ach.) M. Choisy]
native, indigenous, source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Weber (1986); T.H. Nash III 23821 [ASU], Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 2108 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9317 [CDS], Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 2090 [CDS], more...
Parmotrema cristiferum (Taylor) Hale
[Parmelia cristifera Taylor, Parmelia cristifera f. cinerata Zahlbr., Parmelia cristifera f. cristifera Taylor, Parmelia cristifera f. pallida Räsänen, Parmelia cristifera var. abissinica Sambo, Parmelia cristifera var. cristifera Taylor, Parmelia perforata var. ulophylla Meyen & Flot.]
source: Dodge (1936), Weber (1966, 1981, 1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016), Bungartz & Spielmann (2019), Chuquimarca et al. (2019; as P. chinense); Spielmann, A.A. 10636 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8264 [CDS], Nugra, F. 609 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3731 [CDS], more...
Parmotrema cristobalii (L.I. Ferraro & Elix) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Elix & Lumbsch
[Canomaculina cristobalii (L.I. Ferraro & Elix) Elix, Rimeliella cristobalii L.I. Ferraro & Elix, Mycotaxon 49: 406 (1993)]
source: Benítez et al. (2012, 2015); Benítez, A. 115 [HUTPL]
Parmotrema eborinum (Hale) Hale
[Parmelia eborina Hale]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Weber (1986); Luong, T.T. s.n. [CDS]
Parmotrema eciliatum (Nyl.) Hale
[Parmelia crinita var. eciliata Nyl.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004; as P. cf. eciliatum); Etayo, J. 26331 [hb. Etayo]
Parmotrema endosulphureum (Hillm.) Hale
[Parmelia endosulphurea (Hillmann) Hale, Parmelia tinctoria var. endosulphurea Hillmann]
source: Déleg et al. (2021); Bungartz, F. 9986 [CDS], Nugra, F. 393 [CDS], Spielmann, A.A. 10694 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65447 [CDS], more...
Parmotrema erectociliatum Spielmann & Bungartz
endemic to Galapagos, Type: Ecuador. Galápagos: Isla Santa Cruz, vicinity of Academy Bay, just N of Research Station, dry zone, below barranco, on huge boulder of a talus slope, 15-Feb-1964, Weber, W.A. 403 (L-40540, COLO 192658 – holotype!), source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019)
Parmotrema exquisitum (Kurok.) DePriest & B.W. Hale
[Parmelia exquisita Kurok.]
source: Benítez et al. (2012, 2015, 2019; as Parmotrema aff. exquisitum and Parmotrema exquisitum), Benítez (2016), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 316 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 320 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 50 [HUTPL]
Parmotrema flavescens (Kremp.) Hale
[Parmelia flavescens (Kremp.) Nyl., Parmelia glaberrima var. flavescens Kremp., Parmelia mauriensis Hue]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019); Bungartz, F. 7791 [CDS], Clerc, P. 08-164 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65174 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 10219 [CDS], more...
Parmotrema flavotinctum (Hale) Hale
[Parmelia flavotincta Hale]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Parmotrema fractum (Hale) Hale
[Parmelia fracta Hale]
source: Sipman (1999), Cevallos (2012)
Parmotrema grayanum (Hue) Hale
[Parmelia grayana Hue]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019); Aptroot, A. 65115 B [CDS], Spielmann, A.A. 10531 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4088 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65409 [CDS], more...
Parmotrema hypotropum (Nyl.) Hale
[Imbricaria hypotropa (Nyl.) Jatta, Parmelia hypotropa Nyl., Parmelia perforata var. hypotropa (Nyl.) Tuck.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019)
Parmotrema internexum (Nyl.) Hale
[Parmelia internexa Nyl.]
source: Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Bungartz & Spielmann (2019), Miquel & Bungartz (2017); Aptroot, A. 65545 [CDS]
Parmotrema lacteum Marcelli & Spielmann
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019); Clerc, P. 08-30 [CDS]
Parmotrema lawreyi Bungartz & Spielmann
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Bungartz 6187 [CDS 34399], source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019); Bungartz, F. 6187 [CDS]
Parmotrema mellissii (C.W. Dodge) Hale
[Parmelia mellissii C.W. Dodge]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Mandl (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Bungartz & Spielmann (2019), van den Boom et al. (2022), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Herrera-Campos, M.A. 10592 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65175 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4744 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3319 [CDS], more...
Parmotrema merrillii (Vain.) Hale
[Parmelia merrillii Vain.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
Parmotrema mesotropum (Müll. Arg.) Hale
[Parmelia mesotropa Müll. Arg.]
preliminary identification, the single specimen reported as Parmotrema cf. mesotropum by Bungartz & Spielmann (2019) is sterile and lacks both soredia and apothecia; unlike P. mesotropum s.str., this specimen does not contain caperatic and protolichesterinic acid, but instead we observed only a pale unidentified spot at Rf 30 in solvent C., source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019; as Parmotrema cf. mesotropum); Bungartz, F. 7372 [CDS]
Parmotrema neosubcrinitum C.H. Ribeiro & Marcelli
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019); Bungartz, F. 6593 [CDS]
Parmotrema overeemii (Zahlbr.) Elix
[Parmelia overeemii Zahlbr.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007)
Parmotrema peralbidum (Hale) Hale
[Parmelia peralbida Hale]
source: Cevallos (2012), Benítez et al. (2012; as Parmotrema aff. peralbidum), Benítez et al. (2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 323 [HUTPL]
Parmotrema perforatum (Jacq.) A. Massal.
[Imbricaria perforata (Wulfen) Körb., Lichen perforatus Jacq., Lobaria perforata (Wulfen) Michx., Parmelia erecta E. C. Berry, Parmelia hypotropoides Nyl. ex Willey, Parmelia perforata (Jacq.) Ach., Parmelia perforata f. integra Kremp., Parmelia perforata var. microspora Räsänen, Parmelia perforata var. replicata Meyen & Flot., Parmelia perforata var. santiagoënsis Räsänen, Parmelia perlata var. perforata (Jacq.) Koltz, Parmotrema perforata (Jacq.) A. Massal., Platisma perforatum (Wulfen) Hoffm.]
problematic, no modern record, source: Müller (1879)
Parmotrema perlatum (Hudson) M. Choisy
[Imbricaria ciliata (DC.) Arnold, Imbricaria perlata (Huds.) Körb., Imbricaria perlata var. excrescens Arnold, Imbricaria perlata var. perlata (Huds.) Körb., Lichen perlatus Huds., Lobaria perlata (Huds.) Hoffm., Parmelia coniocarpa Laurer, Parmelia perlata (Huds.) Ach., Parmelia perlata f. corallina (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Parmelia perlata f. perlata (Huds.) Ach., Parmelia perlata f. soralifera Woron. & Pachunoff{?}, Parmelia perlata f. sorediifera Müll.Arg., Parmelia perlata subsp. cetrata (Ach.) Boistel, Parmelia perlata var. ciliata (DC.) Duby, Parmelia perlata var. flavogranulosa Vain., Parmelia perlata var. munda Harm., Parmelia perlata var. perlata (Huds.) Ach., Parmelia perlata var. platyloba Müll.Arg., Parmelia perlata var. rubescens Th. Fr., Parmelia perlata var. sorediata Schaer., Parmelia perlata var. subrevoluta Müll.Arg., Parmelia perlata var. tentaculata Wallr., Parmelia trichotera Hue, Parmelia trichotera f. munda (Harm.) Harm., Parmelia trichotera f. subnuda Erichsen, Parmelia trichotera f. trichotera Hue, Parmelia trichotera var. plombii B. de Lesd., Parmelia trichotera var. subincana Maheu & A. Gillet, Parmelia trichotera var. trichotera Hue, Parmotrema perlatum var. ciliata (DC.) M. Choisy, Parmotrema perlatum var. perlatum (Huds.) M. Choisy, Parmotrema trichotera (Hue) M. Choisy, Platysma perlatum (Huds.) Frege]
source: Davey (1999)
Parmotrema pilosum (Stizenb.) Krog & Swinscow
[Canomaculina pilosa (Stizenb.) Elix & Hale, Parmelia pilosa Stizenb., Parmelina pilosa (Stizenb.) Hale]
source: Hale (1976), Benítez et al. (2012), Benítez (2016), Chuquimarca et al (2019)
Parmotrema pustulotinctum Spielmann & Bungartz
native, questionably endem., Holotype: Bungartz 4624 [CDS 28711], source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019); Bungartz, F. 4624 [CDS]
Parmotrema rampoddense (Nyl.) Hale
[Parmelia rampoddensis Nyl., Parmelia subinvoluta Hale]
source: Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016), Bungartz & Spielmann (2019); Benítez, A. 324 [HUTPL]
Parmotrema reticulatum (Taylor) M. Choisy
[Canomaculina leucosemotheta (Hue) Elix, Parmelia ciliata (DC.) Nyl., Parmelia concors Kremp., Parmelia laevigata var. reticulata (Taylor) Linds., Parmelia leucosemotheta Hue, Parmelia leucosemotheta f. isidiata Hue, Parmelia leucosemotheta f. leucosemotheta Hue, Parmelia macquariensis C.W. Dodge, Parmelia perforata f. perforata (Wulfen) Ach., Parmelia perforata var. ciliata Nyl., Parmelia perforata var. perforata (Wulfen) Ach., Parmelia pseudovirens Gyeln., Parmelia reticulata Taylor, Parmelia reticulata f. nuda Hue, Parmelia reticulata f. reticulata Taylor, Parmelia reticulata var. corniculata Abbayes, Parmelia reticulata var. discedens Hillmann, Parmelia reticulata var. reticulata Taylor, Parmelia urceolata var. sorediifera Müll.Arg., Parmelia urceolata var. subcetrata Müll.Arg., Parmelia virens var. sorediata Müll.Arg., Parmotrema leucosemothetum (Hue) Hale, Parmotrema pseudovirens (Gyeln.) Elix, Rimelia reticulata (Taylor) Hale & Fletcher]
parasitized by Dacampia pentaseptata,Arthonia muscigena,Cylindronectria cyanobactericola,Clypeococcum amylaceum,C. rugosisporum,Pseudonitschkia parmotrematis,Xenonectriella subimperspicua var. degenerans, and Trichonectria rubefaciens, source: Weber (1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Davey (1999), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Sklenář et al. (2010), Etayo (2017), Bungartz & Spielmann (2019), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); D. Ugent [60] [WIS], R. C. Harris 17171 [US], Aptroot, A. 65221 [CDS], Spielmann, A.A. 10468 [CDS], more...
Parmotrema robustum (Degel.) Hale
[Parmelia robusta Degel.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004; as P. cf. robustum), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007)
Parmotrema saxoisidiatum Spielmann & Bungartz
native, questionably endem., Holotype: Bungartz 10207 [CDS 47626], source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019); Bungartz, F. 10207 [CDS]
Parmotrema soredioaliphaticum Estrabou & Adler
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019); Ertz, D. 11758 A [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7340 [CDS]
Parmotrema subsumptum (Nyl.) Hale
[Canomaculina subsumpta (Nyl.) Elix, Parmelia subsumpta Nyl., Rimeliella subsumpta (Nyl.) Kurok.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007); Nöske et al. (2007)
Parmotrema subtinctorium (Zahlbr.) Hale
[Canomaculina subtinctoria (Zahlbr.) Elix, Parmelia subtinctoria Zahlbr., Parmelia virens f. isidiosa Müll.Arg., Parmotrema subcrinitum (Nyl.) Hale ined., Rimelia subtinctoria (Zahlbr.) Kurok., Rimeliella subtinctoria (Zahlbr.) Kurok.]
source: Chuquimarca et al. (2019)
Parmotrema succinreticulatum (Eliasaro & Adler) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Elix & Lumbsch
[Rimelia succinreticulata Eliasaro & Adler]
source: Benítez et al. (2012, 2015); Benítez, A. 408 [HUTPL]
Parmotrema sulphuratum (Nees & Flotow) Hale
[Parmelia brisbanensis Stirt., Parmelia sulphurata Nees & Flot.]
source: Déleg et al. (2021)
Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale
[Lichen chinensis Osbeck, Parmelia tinctorum Despr. ex Nyl., Parmotrema chinense (Osbeck) Hale & Ahti, Parmotrema tinctorium (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale]
source: Dodge (1936), Weber (1966, 1981, 1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Bungartz & Spielmann (2019), Chuquimarca et al. (2019; as P. chinense); Bungartz, F. 8212 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6215 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7890 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65162 [CDS], more...
Parmotrema virescens Hale
source: Hale (1986), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007); Bungartz, F. 8211 [CDS], Herrera-Campos, M.A. 10587 [CDS]
Parmotrema viridiflavum (Hale) Hale
[Parmelia viridiflava Hale]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007)
Parmotrema weberi Hale ex Spielmann & Bungartz
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: COLO 294622, source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019)
Parmotrema xanthinum (Müll. Arg.) Hale
[Parmelia aberrans (Vain.) Abbayes, Parmelia caperata var. madagascariacea Hue, Parmelia chrysantha Tuck., Parmelia madagascariacea (Hue) Abbayes, Parmelia nyasensis C.W. Dodge, Parmelia perlata var. xanthina (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb., Parmelia proboscidea var. xanthina Müll. Arg., Parmelia xanthina (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Parmelia xanthina f. aberrans Vain., Parmelia xanthina f. isidiosa Müll. Arg., Parmelia xanthina f. xanthina (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Parmelia xanthina var. xanthina (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Parmotrema aberrans (Vain.) des Abbayes, Parmotrema madagascariaceum (Hue) Hale, Parmotrema nyasense (C.W. Dodge) R.S. Egan nom. illegit.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, Parmotrema xanthinum was first reported from the Galapagos by Weber (1986), subsequently by Elix & McCarthy (1998). Bungartz & Spielmann (2019) treated it as distinct from P. nyasense, arguing that P. xanthinum lacks gyrophoric acid and has much broader lobes and eciliate isidia; all Galapagos material contains gyrophoric acid and Bungartz & Spielmann (2019) therefore considered reports of P. xanthinum doubtful; Egan et al. (2016) examined the holotype of P. nyasense, confirming gyrophyoric acid, but publishing the new combination P. nyasense without an identifier [nom inval. Art. F5.1]; Lendemer (2016) treats both chemotypes as the same, Parmelia xanthina (Müll. Arg.) Vain. 1890 having taxonomic priority; according to Egan et al. (2016) the name refers to the gyrophyoric acid deficient chemotype; if both chemotypes are considered distinct, P. nyasense should be validated, source: Bungartz & Spielmann (2019); A. Aptroot 65730 [ASU], Bungartz, F. 7766 [CDS], Ertz, D. 11894 [CDS], Ertz, D. 11781 [CDS], more...
Parmotrema zollingeri (Hepp) Hale
[Parmelia latissima var. corniculata Kremp., Parmelia zollingeri Hepp]
source: Benítez et al. (2012, 2015); Benítez, A. 325 [HUTPL]
Parmotremopsis antillensis (Nyl.) Elix & Hale
[Parmelia antillensis Nyl., Parmelia blastica Vain., Parmelina antillensis (Nyl.) Hale]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
Peltigera andensis Vitik.
source: Vitikainen (1995), González et al. (2017b)
Peltigera austroamericana Zahlbr.
source: González et al. (2019), Magain et al. (2018; as P. austroamericana / fibrilloides s.l.); Etayo, J. 25394 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25845 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20018 [hb. Etayo]
Peltigera canina (L.) Willd.
[Dermatodea canina (L.) A. St.-Hil., Lichen caninus L., Lichen caninus var. caninus L., Lichen caninus var. pellucidus Weber, Peltidea canina (L.) Ach., Peltidea canina var. canina (L.) Ach., Peltidea leucorrhiza Flörke, Deutsche Lich. 8: 10 (1821), Peltidea ulorrhiza Flörke, Peltidea ulorrhiza var. ulorrhiza Flörke, Peltigera canina f. leucorrhiza (Flörke) Flörke, Peltigera canina var. ulorrhiza (Flörke) Schaer. nom. illegit., Peltophora canina (L.) Clem., Pulmonaria terrestris Bory nom. illegit.]
source: Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907; as Peltigera canina var. ulorrhiza; Dr. C. Arzeni s.n. [ILLS]
Peltigera collina (Ach.) Schrader
[Lichen collinus Ach., Peltidea collina (Ach.) Röhl., Peltidea horizontalis var. collina (Ach.) Wahlenb., Peltidea polydactylon var. collina (Ach.) Sommerf., Peltidea rufescens var. collina (Ach.) Ach., Peltidea scutata var. collina (Ach.) Gyeln., Peltigera aphthosa var. collina (Ach.) Wallr., Peltigera polydactylon var. collina (Ach.) Sommerf., Peltigera scutata var. collina (Ach.) Duby, Bot. Gall., Edn 2 (Paris) 2: 598 (1830)]
Etayo, J. 25773 [hb. Etayo]
Peltigera didactyla (With.) J. R. Laundon
[Lichen spurius Ach., Peltidea canina var. spuria (Ach.) DC., Peltidea erumpens Taylor, Peltidea spuria (Ach.) Ach., Peltigera canina subsp. erumpens (Taylor) Vain., Peltigera canina var. erumpens (Taylor) Hue, Peltigera canina var. spuria (Ach.) Schaer., Peltigera erumpens (Taylor) Elenkin, Peltigera erumpens f. densa Gyeln., Peltigera erumpens f. erumpens (Taylor) Lange, Peltigera erumpens f. glabrescens Gyeln., Peltigera erumpens f. hazslinszkyi (Gyeln.) Szatala, Peltigera erumpens f. leptoderma (Nyl.) Schol. ex Lynge, Peltigera erumpens f. scabrida Gyeln., Peltigera erumpens var. erumpens (Taylor) Lange, Peltigera erumpens var. hazslinszkyi (Gyeln.) Oxner, Peltigera erumpens var. leptoderma (Nyl.) Dombr., Peltigera rufescens f. spuria (Ach.) Körb., Peltigera rufescens var. spuria (Ach.) Gyeln., Peltigera spuria (Ach.) DC., Peltigera spuria f. hazslinszkyi (Gyeln.) H. Magn., Peltigera spuria f. sorediata (Schaer.) Grummann, Peltigera spuria f. spuria (Ach.) DC., Peltigera spuria var. calcicola Räsänen, Peltigera spuria var. erumpens (Taylor) Harm., Peltigera spuria var. hazslinszkyi (Gyeln.) Trass, Peltigera spuria var. leptoderma (Nyl.) Frey, Peltigera spuria var. magyarica (Gyeln.) Szatala, Peltigera spuria var. spuria (Ach.) DC., Peltigera spuria var. uluguruensis Vězda]
source: González et al. (2019), Sklenář et al. (2010), Nöske et al. (2007); Etayo, J. 19948 [hb. Etayo]
Peltigera dolichorhiza (Nyl.) Nyl.
[Peltigera dolichorhiza f. pseudocrispoides Gyeln., Peltigera dolichorrhiza (Nyl.) Nyl. [orthographic error], Peltigera polydactylon f. dolichorhiza Nyl.]
parasitized by Skyttella mulleri, source: Müller (1879), Romeguère (1879), Weber (1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), González et al. (2019), Etayo (2017), Magain et al. (2023, in press); Bungartz, F. 8339 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8368 [CDS], Clerc, P. 08-250 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8348 [CDS], more...
Peltigera ecuadoriana Gyeln.
Type: Meyer 360 (probably at W?), source: Magain et al. (2018; possibly the correct name for one lineage of P. austroamericana s.str.)
Peltigera extenuata (Nyl. ex Vain.) Lojka
[Peltigera canina var. extenuata Nyl. ex Vain., Peltigera didactyla var. extenuata (Nyl. ex Vain.) Goffinet & Hastings, Peltigera hazslinszkyi Gyeln.]
source: Magain et al. (2018; as P. extenuata s.l.)
Peltigera globulata Miadl. & Magain
source: Magain et al. (2018, as P. ponojensis), Miądlikowska et al. (2023)
Peltigera horizontalis (Hudson) Baumg.
[Antilyssa horizontalis (Huds.) Choisy, Lichen horizontalis Huds., Lichen horizontalis var. horizontalis Huds., Peltidea horizontalis (Huds.) Ach., Peltidea horizontalis var. horizontalis (Huds.) Ach., Peltigera canina var. horizontalis (Huds.) L. Marchand, Peltigera horizontalis f. muscorum (Schaer.) Zahlb., Peltigera horizontalis var. muscorum Schaer., Peltigera rufescens var. horizontalis (Huds.) Spreng.]
Etayo, J. 25870 [hb. Etayo]
Peltigera kukwae Magain, Miadl. & Sérus.
source: Magain et al. (2023)
Peltigera laciniata (G. Merr.) Gyeln.
[Peltigera canina f. laciniata G. Merr.]
parasitized by Vezdaea aestivalis, Nectriopsis lecanodes & Bacidia viridescens, source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), Etayo (2017), Magain et al. (2018); J. Etayo 26296 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 17349 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 19915 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 17333 [hb. Etayo]
Peltigera microdactyla Nyl.
source: Müller (1879), Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907), González et al. (2019),; Etayo, J. 26007 [hb. Etayo]
Peltigera polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm.
[Lichen caninus var. polydactylon (Neck.) Lightf., Lichen polydactylon Neck., Peltidea polydactyla var. polydactyla (Neck.) Ach., Peltidea polydactylon (Neck.) Ach., Peltigera canina var. polydactylon (Neck.) Branth & Rostr., Peltigera polydactyla (Necker) Hoffm. [orthographic error], Peltigera polydactylon f. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm., Peltigera polydactylon subsp. udeghe Magain, Miadl. & Sérus., Peltigera polydactylon var. major Schaer., Peltigera polydactylon var. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm., Peltigera rufescens var. polydactylon (Neck.) Torss.]
parasitized by Gliocephalis pulchella, Niesslia pseudocyphellariae, Stigmidium peltideae & Agonimia tristicula, problematic; Magain (pers. com.): P. polydactylon s.str. doesn't occur in Ecuador; the records by Müller (1879) and Etayo (2017, as substrate of several lichenicolous fungi) could belong to the morphologically similar P. dolichorhiza, or P. kukwae (both reported from Ecuador), or P. esslingeri (currently not confirmed from the country), source: Müller (1879), Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25635 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 25576 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25793 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25669 [hb. Etayo], more...
Peltigera pulverulenta (Taylor) Nyl.
[Peltidea pulverulenta Taylor]
source: Magain et al. (2023, in press); Etayo, J. 26282 [hb. Etayo]
Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb.
[Lichen caninus var. rufescens Weiss, Lichen rufescens (Weiss) Neck., Peltidea rufescens (Weiss) Ach., Peltidea rufescens var. rufescens (Weiss) Ach., Peltigera canina var. rufescens (Weiss) Mudd]
parasitized by Corticifraga peltigerae & Nectriopsis lecanodes , source: Müller (1879), Leighton (1866), Etayo (2017); H.J.M. Sipman 7801 [ASU], Hugh H. Iltis E-532x [WIS], J. Etayo 26302 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25637 [hb. Etayo]
Peltigera scabrosa Th. Fr.
[Peltigera rufescens var. scabrosa (Th. Fr.) Nyl.]
problematic, no modern record; Magain (pers. com.): probably a confusion with P. pulverulenta, source: Müller (1879), Romeguère (1879)
Peltigera soredians Vitik.
parasitized by Pronectria robergei, Skyttella mulleri, Stigmidium peltideae, Dacampia rufescentis and Refractohilum peltigerae, source: Etayo (2017), Magain et al. (2018); J. Etayo 26307 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 26308 [hb. Etayo]
Peltigera spuriella Vain.
parasitized by Roselliniella peltigericola, source: Hawksworth & Miądlikowska (1997), Etayo (2017); COLO-L-0085106 [COLO]
Peltigera ulcerata Müll.Arg.
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, previously misidentified as P. didactyla (originally reported by Weber 1986 as P. erumpens, later re-identified as P. spuria and subsequently cited by Elix & McCarthy as P. didactyla), the specimens are not tomentose and thus misidentifications of P. ulcerata Müll. Arg, source: Elix & McCarthy (1998), Weber (1986); Spielmann, A.A. 10448 [CDS], Spielmann, A.A. 10611 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 10330 [CDS]
Peltigera vainioi Gyeln.
source: González et al. (2019), Magain et al. (2018; as P. ponojensis/monticola s.l.)
Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt ex Pišút
[Dermatocarpon euplocum (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Endocarpon euplocum (Ach.) Ach., Heppia euploca (Ach.) Vain., Heppia guepinii (Delise) Nyl., Heppia polyphylla B. de Lesd., Lichen euplocus Ach., Verrucaria euploca (Ach.) Borrer]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Elix & McCarthy (1998), Weber (1986); Bungartz, F. 4581 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63722 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3868 A [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64479 B [CDS], more...
Peltula impressa (Vain.) Swiscow & Krog
[Heppia impressa Vain.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 6727 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8995 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6742 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63100 [CDS], more...
Peltula obscurans (Nyl.) Gyelnik
[Acarospora subglebosa (Müll.Arg.) Hue, Endocarpiscum obscurans Nyl., Heppia acarosporoides Müll.Arg., Heppia guepinii var. obscurans (Nyl.) Boistel, Heppia obscurans (Nyl.) Nyl., Heppia subglebosa (Müll. Arg.) I.M. Lamb, Peltula subglebosa (Müll. Arg.) Filson, Placodium subglebosum Müll.Arg.]
source: Castillo-Monroy et al. (2016)
Peltula omphaliza (Nyl.) Wetmore
[Endocarpiscum omphalizum (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Heppia omphaliza Nyl.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; W. R. Taylor 872 [FH]
Peltula patellata (Bagl.) Swinscow & Krog
[Acarospora patellata Bagl., Heppia australiensis Müll.Arg., Heppia leptopholis Nyl. ex Hasse, Heppia patellata (Bagl.) Stizenb., Heppia polyspora Tuck., Heppia terrena Nyl. ex Hasse, Peltula australiensis (Müll. Arg.) Filson]
source: Castillo-Monroy et al. (2016)
Peltula placodizans (Zahlbr.) Wetmore
[Endocarpiscum placodizans (Zahlbr.) Fink, Heppia placodizans Zahlbr., Peltula decorticans (Müll. Arg.) Filson, Placoheppia placodizans (Zahlbr.) Oxner, Pyrenopsidium decorticans Müll.Arg., Solorinaria placodizans (Zahlbr.) Gyeln.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 65337 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64987 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3871 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5243 A [CDS], more...
Peltula steppae (Kalb) Büdel, Kauff & Bachran
[Phyllopeltula steppae Kalb]
source: Bustamante et al. (2018)
Peltula tortuosa (Nees) Wetmore
[Dufourea tortuosa Nees, Heppia tortuosa (Nyl.) Vain., Heterina tortuosa Nyl.]
problematic, no modern record, only reported by Nylander (1874) from the Andes and Amazon, not specifically from Ecuador, source: Nylander (1874; as Heterina tortuosa)
Periconia atra Corda
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta tomentosa & Yoshimuriella subdissecta, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25445 [hb. Etayo]
Pertusaria albinea Tuck.
endemic to Galapagos, Type (FH): Ecuador. Galápagos: on bark, coll. Rev. T. Hill, Hassler Expedition [FH-Tuck 60330 – holotype (not seen); US 69128 – isotype!]; F. Bungartz: holotype not found during visit to FH, possibly on loan to I. Messuti, one specimen in COLO, collected and identified by Weber as P. albinea [COLO 188868 (L-40346)]; Tuckerman (1877) described this species based on material collected in the Galapagos Islands by H. Willey during the Hassler Expedition of 1872; consequently, the name has priority over Pertusaria albinea Müll.Arg. (Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 3: 639, 1895), source: Bungartz et al. (2015), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Farlow (1902), Stewart (1912), Weber (1966, 1986); Aptroot, A. 65389 [CDS], Ertz, D. 11748 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7379 [CDS]
Pertusaria albineoides Bungartz, A.W. Archer, Yánez-Ayabaca & Elix
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Bungartz 4066 [CDS 27996], source: Bungartz et al. (2015); Bungartz, F. 4066 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65075 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65073 [CDS]
Pertusaria endoxantha Vain.
[Pertusaria norstictica A.W. Archer]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2015); Ertz, D. 11860 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7567 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7570 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7544 B [CDS]
Pertusaria flavida (DC.) J.R. Laundon
[Isidium lutescens (Hoffm.) Turner & Borrer, Isidium phragmaeum (Ach.) Röhl., Isidium phymatodes var. phragmaeum Ach., Lepra lutescens (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Lichen lutescens Hoffm., Pertusaria fallax var. variolosa, Pertusaria lutescens (Hoffm.) Lamy, Pertusaria lutescens f. fagicola Høeg, Pertusaria lutescens f. lutescens (Eschw.) Kremp., Pertusaria lutescens f. phragmaea (Ach.) Erichsen, Pertusaria lutescens var. lutescens (Eschw.) Kremp., Pertusaria lutescens var. sublaevis Erichsen, Pertusaria lutescens var. viridisordida Erichsen, Pertusaria wulfenii var. lutescens (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Variolaria flavida DC., Verrucaria lutescens (Hoffm.) Hoffm.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Pertusaria lucidotetra Sipman
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Pertusaria lueckingii Bungartz, A.W. Archer & Elix
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, Holotype: Bungartz 10074 [CDS 47469], source: Bungartz et al. (2015); Spielmann, A.A. 10638 [CDS], Spielmann, A.A. 10369 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 10074 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 10445 [CDS], more...
Pertusaria nigrata Kremp.
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2015); Bungartz, F. 4165 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4013 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65034 [CDS]
Pertusaria papillata (Ach.) Tuck.
source: Benítez et al. (2015; as Pertusaria aff. papillata); Benítez, A. 327 [HUTPL]
Pertusaria pseudoparnassia Sipman
Holotype LOJA, Nöske & Sipman 183, source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Pertusaria stictica Nugra, A.W. Archer, Bungartz & Elix
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Nugra 451 [CDS 36765], source: Bungartz et al. (2015); Bungartz, F. 10024 [CDS], Nugra, F. 451 [CDS]
Pertusaria tapadensis Elix & A.W. Archer
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Pertusaria tejocotensis var. stictica A.W. Archer, Bungartz & Yánez-Ayabaca
endemic to Galapagos, Type: Ecuador. Galápagos: Isla Pinzón, E-facing side of a valley on the W-slope of the highest mountain, 0°36'49''S, 90°40'14''W, 294 m alt., transition zone, E-facing basalt cliff, Scalesia baurii ssp. baurii and Polypodium tridens growing on the basalt cliff, on top and flat slope of sunny, wind- and rain-exposed basalt boulder, 16 Feb 2006, Bungartz 3608 (CDS27426 – holotype!), source: Bungartz et al. (2015); Bungartz, F. 8929 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5051 [CDS], Nugra, F. 639 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8436 [CDS], more...
Pertusaria tenella Müll.Arg.
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Pertusaria tetrathalamia (Fée) Nyl.
[Pertusaria leioplacoides var. plicatula Müll.Arg., Pertusaria tetrathalamia f. tetrathalamia (Fée) Nyl., Pertusaria tetrathalamia var. plicatula (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Pertusaria tetrathalamia var. tetrathalamia (Fée) Nyl., Porina tetrathalamia (Fée) Fée, Trypethelium subumbilicatum C. Knight, Trypethelium tetrathalamium Fée]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022); Bungartz, F. 7680 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64578 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3502 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63803 [CDS], more...
Pertusaria texana Müll.Arg.
[Pertusaria disticha Erichsen]
source: Bungartz et al. (2015), Benítez et al. (2019), van den Boom et al. (2022); Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 1621 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7978 [CDS], Tehler, A. 8645 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7225 [CDS], more...
Pertusaria thelocarpoides Nyl.
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Pertusaria thioisidiata var. isidiogyrophorica Yánez-Ayabaca, Bungartz, A.W. Archer & Elix
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Bungartz 4793 [CDS 28925], source: Bungartz et al. (2015); Bungartz, F. 4793 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65571 [CDS]
Pertusaria thiospoda C. Knight
[Pertusaria bispora Farl. ex Linder, Pertusaria leiotera Müll.Arg., Pertusaria minuta C. Knight, Pertusaria schizostomella Müll.Arg.]
according to Bungartz et al. (2015) so far only reported from the Galapagos (including the neotype), possibly also in mainland Ecuador, but the species appears to have its centre of distribution in the western Pacific, where it is common and widely distributed in coastal Australia, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, and Vanuatu; only one record is known as far east as the Cook Islands, native, indigenous, Neotype of P. bispora: Stewart 8407 [FH00377356, neotype selected by Bungartz et al. (2015)], source: Bungartz et al. (2015); Bungartz, F. 9620 [CDS]
Pertusaria tuberculifera Nyl.
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Pertusaria xanthodes Müll.Arg.
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, in the Galapagos only known from a single specimen collected on bark of Bursera graveolens in the dry zone of Santa Fé (Jonitz, H. 28), source: Bungartz et al. (2015); Jonitz, H. 28 [CDS]
Pertusaria xantholeucoides Müll.Arg.
[Lepra xantholeucoides (Müll. Arg.) I. Schmitt, A.W. Archer & Lumbsch]
Phacopsis usneae R. Sant.
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Usnea sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 19974 [hb. Etayo]
Phaeographina caesiopruinosa (Fée) Müll.Arg.
[Arthonia caesiopruinosa Fée, Arthothelium caesiopruinosum (Fée) A. Massal., Graphis caesiopruinosa (Fée) Kremp., Graphis scalpturata var. plurifera Nyl., Hemithecium caesiopruinosum (Fée) Trevis., Phaeographina plurifera (Nyl.) Fink, Phaeographina scalpturata var. plurifera (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Platygramme caesiopruinosa (Fée) Fée]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), van den Boom et al. (2022)
Phaeographis atromaculata (A.W. Archer) A.W. Archer
[Phaeographina atromaculata A.W. Archer, Phaeographis illitoraticola Lendemer, R.C. Harris & Yahr nom. inval., Phaeographis kalbii Staiger]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz & et al. (2009); Aptroot, A. 65591 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6659 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64078 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64589 [CDS]
Phaeographis brasiliensis (A. Massal.) Kalb & Matthes-Leicht
[Creographa brasiliensis A. Massal., Graphis subtigrina Vain., Graphis tigrinella f. subtigrina (Vain.) Vain., Phaeographina brasiliensis (A. Massal.) Zahlbr., Phaeographis subtigrina (Vain.) Zahlbr., Sarcographa tricosa f. subtigrina (Vain.) Zahlbr., Ustalia brasiliensis (A. Massal.) Stizenb.]
source: Leighton (1866), Benítez et al. (2015, 1019), Benítez (2016), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Nugra, F. 552 [CDS], Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 1495 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8557 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8133 [CDS], more...
Phaeographis dendritica (Ach.) Müll.Arg.
[Arthonia sinensigrapha Fée, Graphis dendritica (Ach.) Ach., Graphis dendritica f. dendritica (Ach.) Ach., Graphis dendritica f. obtusa Leight., Graphis dendritica var. dendritica (Ach.) Ach., Graphis dendritica var. obtusa Mudd, Graphis sinensigrapha (Fée) A. Massal., Hymenodecton dendriticum (Ach.) Leight., Opegrapha dendritica Ach., Phaeographis dendritica var. obtusa (Leight.) Müll. Arg., Phaeographis dendritica var. sinensigrapha (Fée) Zahlbr., Platygramma dendritica (Ach.) G. Mey., Platygramma dendriticum (Ach.) G. Mey.]
source: Weber (1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Nöske et al. (2007), Bungartz et al. (2009), Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); K. Kalb 18087 [WIS], K. Kalb 18514 [WIS], K. Kalb 18418 [WIS], K. Kalb 18114 [WIS], more...
Phaeographis haematites (Fée) Müll.Arg.
[Graphis haematites Fée, Pyrographa haematites (Fée) A. Massal.]
H.H. Iltis E-148 [WIS]
Phaeographis inconspicua (Fée) Müll.Arg.
[Graphis inconspicua Fée]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016)
Phaeographis inusta (Ach.) Müll.Arg.
[Graphis inusta Ach., Graphis inusta var. emergens Vain. ex Van der Byl, Graphis inusta var. inusta Ach., Opegrapha inusta (Ach.) Tuck.]
source: Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Benítez et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 54 [HUTPL]
Phaeographis leiogrammodes (Kremp.) Müll. Arg.
[Graphis leiogrammodes Kremp., Phaeographina leiogrammodes (Kremp.) M. Wirth & Hale]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2009); Bungartz, F. 10029 [CDS], Nugra, F. 532 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4691 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64586 [CDS], more...
Phaeographis major (Kremp.) Lücking
[Lecanactis sericea var. major Kremp., Phaeographis sericea var. major (Kremp.) Zahlbr.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2009); Aptroot, A. 65319 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6859 B [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3514 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64685 [CDS], more...
Phaeographis nylanderi (Vain.) Zahlbr.
[Phaeographis brevinigra Sipman ined.]
the name Phaeographis brevinigra was used by H. Sipman in his Provisional determination keys for the Graphidales of Costa Rica (Sipman 2008); according to H. Sipman (pers. com. 2023) the three specimens in B, for which this working name was used, belong to Phaeographis nylanderi, therefore specimens cited by Benítez et al. (2015) and Benítez (2016) from Ecuador, identified using the online key, most likely also belong to this species, source: Benítez et al. (2015; as Phaeographis brevinigra), Benítez (2016; as Phaeographis brevinigra)
Phaeographis quadrifera (Nyl.) Staiger
[Graphis quadrifera Nyl., Phaeographina quadrifera (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007), Chuquimarca et al. (2019)
Phaeographis scalpturata (Ach.) Staiger
[Ectographis scalpturata (Ach.) Trevis., Graphina scalpturata (Ach.) Müll. Arg., Graphis scalpturata Ach., Graphis scalpturata f. scalpturata Ach., Graphis scalpturata var. scalpturata Ach., Leiogramma scalpturatum (Ach.) Eschw., Opegrapha scalpturata (Ach.) Mont., Phaeographina scalpturata (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Phaeographina scalpturata subsp. scalpturata (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Phaeographina scalpturata var. scalpturata (Ach.) Müll.Arg.]
source: Leighton (1866), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016), van den Boom et al. (2022), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); K. Kalb 42151 [WIS], Benítez, A. 351 [HUTPL]
Phaeographis spondaica (Nyl.) Lücking
[Graphina lecanographa (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Graphis lecanographa Nyl., Leptotrema spondaicum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Phaeographina lecanographa (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Phaeographis lecanographa (Nyl.) Staiger, Thelotrema spondaicum Nyl.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
Phaeographis striata Bungartz
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Bungartz 6606 [CDS 34826], source: Bungartz et al. (2009); Aptroot, A. 64870 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6606 [CDS]
Phaeographopsis neotropica Vĕzda & Kalb
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Phaeophyscia endococcinodes (Poelt) Essl.
[Phaeophyscia endococcina var. endococcinodes (Poelt) Moberg, Physcia endococcinodes Poelt, Physcia endococcinodes var. endococcinodes Poelt]
parasitized by Stigmidium pumilum, source: Nöske et al. (2007), Etayo (2017), van den Boom et al. (2022); K. Kalb 19509 [WIS], K. Kalb 19510 [WIS], K. Kalb 19544 [WIS], K. Kalb 19500 [WIS], more...
Phaeophyscia hirsuta (Mereschk.) Essl.
[Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi (Nádv.) Essl., Physcia cernohorskyi Nádv., Physcia cernohorskyi var. cernohorskyi Nádv., Physcia hirsuta Mereschk., Physcia hirsuta var. hirsuta Mereschk., Physcia labrata Mereschk., Physcia labrata f. labrata Mereschk., Physcia labrata var. labrata Mereschk., Physcia strigosa Poelt & Buschardt]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022); Aptroot, A. 64941 [CDS]
Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Essl.
[Dimelaena setosa (Ach.) Trevis., Parmelia hispidula Ach., Parmelia setosa Ach., Phaeophyscia hispidula subsp. hispidula (Ach.) Essl., Phaeophyscia hispidula var. hispidula (Ach.) Essl., Physcia hispidula (Ach.) Frey, Physcia hispidula subsp. exornatula (Zahlbr.) Poelt, Physcia hispidula subsp. hispidula (Ach.) Frey, Physcia hispidula subsp. primaria Poelt, Physcia setosa (f. virella) B. de Lesd., Physcia setosa f. deminuta Cromb., Physcia setosa f. setosa (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia setosa f. sulphurascens Zahlbr., Physcia setosa f. virella B. de Lesd., Physcia setosa var. albociliata B. de Lesd., Physcia setosa var. exornatula Zahlbr., Physcia setosa var. setosa (Ach.) Nyl.]
parasitized by Reconditella physconiarum, source: Ochoa-Jiménez et al. (2015), Nöske et al. (2007), Nöske (2005), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Etayo (2017; as Phaeophyscia cf. hispidula), van den Boom et al. (2022); K. Kalb 19534 [WIS], K. Kalb 19496 [WIS], K. Kalb 19474 [WIS], K. Kalb 19499 [WIS]
Phaeophyscia limbata (Poelt) Kashiw.
[Physcia hispidula subsp. limbata Poelt]
source: Benítez et al. (2012, 2015; as Phaeophyscia aff. limbata), Chuquimarca et al. (2019; as Phaeophyscia aff. limbata); Benítez, A. 353 [HUTPL]
Phaeophyscia nigricans (Flörke) Moberg
[Lecanora nigricans Flörke, Parmelia obscura f. sciastrella Nyl., Parmelia tremulicola (Nyl.) Arnold, Physcia nigricans (Flörke) Stizenb., Physcia nigricans f. fusca (Räsänen) Zahlbr., Physcia nigricans f. nigricans (Flörke) Stizenb., Physcia nigricans f. parvula (Vain.) Nádv., Physcia nigricans f. tremulicola (Nyl.) Maas Geest., Physcia nigricans var. auraënsis (Vain.) Räsänen, Physcia nigricans var. groenlandica Å.E. Dahl, Physcia nigricans var. helvetica (Vain. ex Räsänen) Frey, Physcia nigricans var. nigricans (Flörke) Stizenb., Physcia nigricans var. sciastrella (Nyl.) Lynge, Physcia nigricans var. tremulicola (Nyl.) Lynge, Physcia sciastrella (Nyl.) Harm., Physcia sciastrella var. sciastrella (Nyl.) Harm., Physcia sciastrella var. sublurida Vain., Physcia tremulicola Nyl., Physcia tremulicola f. atra Lynge, Physcia tremulicola f. tremulicola Nyl., Physcia tremulicola subsp. leptothallina Vain., Physcia tremulicola subsp. tremulicola Nyl.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 10531 A [CDS]
Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Necker) Moberg
[Anaptychia obscura (Ehrh.) A. Massal., Anaptychia obscura var. cycloselis (Ach.) A. Massal., Anaptychia obscura var. obscura (Ehrh.) A. Massal., Borrera obscura (Ehrh.) Mudd, Borrera obscura var. obscura (Ehrh.) Mudd, Borrera obscura var. virella (Ach.) Mudd, Dimelaena obscura (Ehrh.) Norman, Hagenia obscura (Ehrh.) De Not., Imbricaria cycloselis (Ach.) DC., Imbricaria obscura (Ehrh.) Kickx, Lecanora virella (Ach.) Ach., Lichen cycloselis Ach., Lichen orbicularis Neck., Lichen virellus Ach., Lobaria obscura (Ehrh.) Gaertn., G. Mey. & Scherb., Lobaria orbicularis (Baumg.) Hoffm., Parmelia cycloselis (Ach.) Ach., Parmelia cycloselis var. cycloselis (Ach.) Ach., Parmelia obscura (Ehrh.) Fr., Parmelia obscura f. cycloselis (Ach.) Körb., Parmelia obscura f. obscura (Ehrh.) Fr., Parmelia obscura f. orbicularis (Baumg.) Arnold, Parmelia obscura f. pseudoplatani Britzelm., Parmelia obscura var. muscicola Schaer., Parmelia obscura var. obscura (Ehrh.) Fr., Parmelia obscura var. saxicola A. Massal., Parmelia virella (Ach.) Ach., Phaeophyscia orbicularis f. virella (Ach.) J. Nowak, Phaeophyscia orbicularis var. hueana (Harm.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Physcia cycloselis (Ach.) Vain. ex Räsänen, Physcia cycloselis f. cycloselis (Ach.) Vain., Physcia cycloselis f. elongata Räsänen, Physcia cycloselis f. sorediifera (Nyl.) Räsänen, Physcia cycloselis var. cycloselis (Ach.) Vain. ex Räsänen, Physcia hueana (Harm.) Klem., Physcia obscura Nyl., Physcia obscura f. hueana Harm., Physcia obscura f. obscura (Ehrh.) Fürnr., Physcia obscura var. cycloselis (Ach.) J.J. Kickx, Physcia obscura var. obscura (Ehrh.) Fürnr., Physcia obscura var. virella (Ach.) Leight., Physcia orbicularis (Necker) Poetsch, Physcia orbicularis f. albida B. de Lesd., Physcia orbicularis f. albociliata (B. de Lesd.) J.W. Thomson, Physcia orbicularis f. bicolor (Britzelm.) Grummann, Physcia orbicularis f. calcicola Nádv., Physcia orbicularis f. cycloselis (Ach.) Szatala, Physcia orbicularis f. elongata (Räsänen) Räsänen, Physcia orbicularis f. insignis (Mereschk.) Frey, Physcia orbicularis f. intermedia Schade, Physcia orbicularis f. orbicularis (Baumg.) Poetsch, Physcia orbicularis f. pallida Räsänen, Physcia orbicularis f. pseudoplatani (Britzelm.) Sántha, Physcia orbicularis f. tristis Räsänen, Physcia orbicularis f. virella (Ach.) Schade, Physcia orbicularis var. ciliata, Physcia orbicularis var. hueana (Harm.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Physcia orbicularis var. labrata (Mereschk.) B. de Lesd., Physcia orbicularis var. orbicularis (Baumg.) Poetsch, Physcia orbicularis var. sorediifera (Nyl.) Räsänen, Physcia orbicularis var. transatlantica Räsänen, Physcia orbicularis var. virella (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Physcia ulothrix var. virella (Ach.) Cromb., Physcia virella (Ach.) Flagey, Physcia virella f. pallidior Mereschk., Physcia virella f. tenuisecta Mereschk., Physcia virella f. ticinensis Mereschk., Physcia virella f. virella (Ach.) Flagey, Physcia virella var. gracilis Mereschk., Physcia virella var. hueana (Harm.) Lindau, Physcia virella var. virella (Ach.) Flagey, Placodium orbiculare (Baumg.) Hoffm., Psora orbicularis Baumg., Rinodina virella (Ach.) Körb., Squamaria obscura (Ehrh.) Beltr., Xanthoria obscura (Ehrh.) Horw., Xanthoria ulothrix var. virella (Ach.) Horw.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022); Etayo, J. 25370 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20038 [hb. Etayo]
Phaeophyscia pusilloides (Zahlbr.) Essl.
[Physcia pusilloides Zahlbr.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 10448 A [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65720 [CDS]
Phlyctella andensis Nyl.
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), van den Boom et al. (2022)
Phlyctella brasiliensis (Nyl.) Nyl.
[Phlyctis brasiliensis Nyl.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Phlyctis andensis Nyl.
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
Phlyctis boliviensis Nyl.
[Phlyctidia boliviensis (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. nom inval., Phlyctidia ludoviciensis Müll.Arg., Phlyctis ludoviciensis (Müll. Arg.) Lendemer]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022); R. C. Harris 16896 [NY], R. C. Harris 16993 [NY]
Phoma dubia (Linds.) Sacc. & Trotter
[Abrothallus dubius (Linds.) Müll. Arg., Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 85 (1894), Phymatopsis dubia Linds.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Chrysothrix candelaris, Usnea sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 26347 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26239 [hb. Etayo]
Phoma peltigerae (P. Karst.) D. Hawksw.
[Phyllosticta peltigerae P. Karst.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Yoshimuriella subdissecta, source: Etayo (2017; as Phoma aff. peltigerae)
Phomatospora dinemasporium J. Webster
[Dematium aureum var. strigosum Pers., Dematium strigosum (Pers.) Pers., Dinemasporium strigosum (Fr.) Sacc., Peziza laevigata Fr.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta tomentosa and Yoshimuriella subdissecta, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25481 [hb. Etayo]
Phyllobaeis erythrella (Mont.) Kalb
[Baeomyces erythrellus (Mont.) Nyl., Baeomyces imbricatus var. erythrellus (Mont.) B.G. de Vries, Biatora erythrella Mont., Tubercularia erythrella (Mont.) Kuntze]
source: Nöske et al. (2007), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Mittermeier (2015), van den Boom et al. (2022); B. M. Boom 1381 [NY], K. Kalb 17039 [WIS], Patricia Armstrong 1005 [WIS], P. Armstrong s.n. [WIS], more...
Phyllobaeis imbricata (Hook.) Kalb & Gierl
[Baeomyces imbricatus Hook., Baeomyces imbricatus var. imbricatus Hook., Ludovicia imbricata (Hook.) Trevis., Tubercularia imbricata (Hook.) Kuntze]
parasitized by Arthrorhaphis phyllobaeis and Sphaerellothecium coniodes, source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), Etayo (2017), González et al. (2017a, b, 2019), van den boom et al. (2022); W. R. Buck 10015 [NY], H. Balslev 1612 [NY], R. C. Harris 17366 [NY], L. B. Holm-Nielsen 3390 [NY], more...
Phyllobathelium anomalum Lücking
Holotype QCNE, Lücking 96-254, source: Lücking (2008); Lücking, R. 96-254 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
Phyllobathelium chlorogastricum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking
[Campylothelium chlorogastricum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot, Cryptothelium chlorogastricum (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Heufleria chlorogastrica Müll.Arg., Phyllobathelium megapotamicum (Malme) R. Sant., Phyllobathelium thaxteri (Vain.) Zahlbr., Thelenella megapotamica Malme, Thelenella thaxteri Vain., Thelenella thaxteri var. heterogena Vain.]
source: Lücking (1999), Lücking (2008; as Phyllobathelium thaxteri)
Phyllobathelium epiphyllum (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
[Bathelium epiphyllum Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking (1999)
Phyllobathelium firmum (Stirt.) Vězda
[Opercularia firma Stirt.]
source: Lücking & Matzer (2001), Lücking et al. (2008), van den Boom et al. (2022); Palice, Z.; et al. s.n. [DUKE]
Phyllobathelium leguminosae (Cavalc. & A.A. Silva) Lücking & Sérus.
[Septoriomyces leguminosae Cavalc. & A.A. Silva]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Lücking & Matzer (2001)
Phylloblastia inconspicua Lücking
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Truong, C. 1209 [CDS]
Phyllopeltula corticola (Büdel & R. Sant.) Kalb
[Peltula corticola Büdel & R. Sant.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Phyllophiale fusca R. Sant.
source: Lücking (1999)
Phyllophiale viridis Lücking & M. Cáceres
source: Lücking & Cáceres (1999), Lücking (1999)
Phyllopsora buettneri (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr.
[Lecidea buettneri (Müll.Arg.) Stizenb., Phyllopsora buettneri var. buettneri (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Phyllopsora buettneri var. munda (Malme) Brako, Psora buettneri Müll.Arg.]
source: Déleg et al. (2021), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
Phyllopsora chlorophaea (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr.
[Lecidea furfuracea f. schizophylla Vain.]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016), Déleg et al. (2021); Benítez, A. 356 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 357 [HUTPL]
Phyllopsora concinna Kistenich & Timdal
source: Kistenich et al. (2019)
Phyllopsora corallina (Eschw.) Müll.Arg.
[Biatora corallina (Eschw.) Hook. & Taylor, Lecidea corallina Eschw., Phyllopsora corallina var. subglaucella G.K. Mishra, Upreti & Nayaka, Phyllopsora parvifolia var. corallina (Tuck.) G. Merr., Psora corallina (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.]
source: Elix et al. (1990), Brako (1991), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); K. Kalb 17084 [WIS], K. Kalb 17570 [WIS], K. Kalb 17566 [WIS], K. Kalb 17568 [WIS], more...
Phyllopsora corallina var. corallina (Eschw.) Müll.Arg.
[Lecidea corallina var. corallina Eschw.]
source: Brako (1991)
Phyllopsora fendleri (Tuck. & Mont.) Müll. Arg.
[Biatora fendleri Tuck. & Mont., Lecidea fendleri (Tuck. & Mont.) Nyl.]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 358 [HUTPL]
Phyllopsora furfuracea (Pers.) Zahlbr.
[Lecidea furfuracea Pers., Lecidea furfuracea var. furfuracea Pers., Lecidea sanguineoatra var. furfuracea (Pers.) Nyl.]
source: Brako (1991), Benítez (2016), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Benítez, A. 359 [HUTPL]
Phyllopsora hispaniolae Timdal
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 361 [HUTPL]
Phyllopsora lividocarpa Timdal
source: Déleg et al. (2021)
Phyllopsora longiuscula (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
[Lecidea longiuscula Nyl., Psora longiuscula (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.]
Klara Scharnagl 2189 [MSC], Klara Scharnagl 2081 [MSC]
Phyllopsora minor Brako
[Lecidea corallina var. schizophylloides Vain., Phyllopsora corallina var. schizophylloides (Vain.) Zahlbr.]
Klara Scharnagl 2027 [MSC], Klara Scharnagl 1885 [MSC]
Phyllopsora ochroxantha (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
[Lecidea ochroxantha Nyl., Lecidea ochroxantha f. ochroxantha Nyl., Phyllopsora corallina var. ochroxantha (Nyl.) Brako, Psora ochroxantha, Wolseleyidea ochroxantha (Nyl.) S.Y. Kondr., Farkas & Lőkös]
source: Elix et al. (1990), Brako (1991)
Phyllopsora parvifolia (Pers.) Müll.Arg.
[Biatora parvifolia (Pers.) Mont., Lecidea parvifolia Pers., Lecidea parvifolia f. parvifolia Pers., Lecidea parvifolia f. subgranulosa Tuck., Lecidea parvifolia var. granulosa (Müll. Arg.) Shirley, Lecidea parvifolia var. parvifolia Pers., Phyllopsora parvifolia f. parvifolia (Pers.) Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. fibrillifera Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. granulosa (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. parvifolia (Pers.) Müll Arg., Phyllopsora parvifolia var. subgranulosa (Tuck.) Müll.Arg., Psora parvifolia (Pers.) A. Massal., Psora parvifolia var. granulosa Müll.Arg., Zeora parvifolia (Pers.) C. Müll.]
source: Brako (1991), Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); K. Kalb 17579 [WIS], K. Kalb 17574 [WIS], Aptroot, A. 65746 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5816 [CDS], more...
Phyllopsora parvifoliella (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.
[Lecidea parvifoliella Nyl.]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Benítez, A. 366 [HUTPL]
Phyllopsora phaeobyssina (Vain.) Timdal
[Lecidea breviuscula var. phaeobyssina Vain., Phyllopsora breviuscula var. phaeobyssina (Vain.) Zahlbr., Phyllopsora corallina var. phaeobyssina (Vain.) Brako]
source: Brako (1991)
Phyllopsora porphyromelaena (Vain.) Zahlbr.
[Phyllopsora buettneri var. glauca (B. de Lesd.) Brako, Phyllopsora parvifolia var. glauca B. de Lesd.]
source: Brako (1991; as P. buettneri var. glauca; chemotypes 1 & 3)
Phyllopsora pyrrhomelaena (Tuck.) Swinscow & Krog
[Biatora pyrrhomelaena Tuck., Lecidea pyrrhomelaena (Tuck.) Tuck.]
K. Kalb 18681 [WIS]
Phyllopsora pyxinoides (Nyl.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman
[Crocynia pyxinoides Nyl.]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022), van den Boom et al. (2022)
Phyllopsora santensis (Tuck.) Swinscow & Krog
[Lecidea santensis Tuck., Phyllopsora corallina var. santensis (Tuck.) Brako]
source: Brako (1991), Benítez et al. (2015); Klara Scharnagl 2010 [MSC], Klara Scharnagl 1951a [MSC], Benítez, A. 368 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 369 [HUTPL], more...
Phyllopsora subcrustacea (Malme) Brako
[Lecidea corallina var. subcrustacea Malme, Phyllopsora corallina var. subcrustacea (Malme) Zahlbr.]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
Physcia adscendens H. Olivier
[Parmelia anthelina Ach., Parmelia stellaris var. adscendens Fr., Physcia aipolia f. anthelina (Ach.) Vain., Physcia ascendens Bitter, Physcia stellaris var. adscendens (Fr.) Rabenh.]
source: Moberg (1990)
Physcia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr.
[Imbricaria aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) DC., Lichen aipolius Ehrh. ex Humb., Lobaria aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Hoffm., Parmelia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Ach., Parmelia aipolia var. aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Ach., Parmelia aipolia var. cercidia Ach., Parmelia stellaris var. aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fr., Physcia aipolia var. cercidia (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia stellaris var. aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Tuck., Physcia stellaris var. cercidia (Ach.) Th. Fr., Squamaria aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Frege, Xanthoria aipolia (Ehrh.) Horw., Xanthoria aipolia var. aipolia (Ehrh.) Horw., Xanthoria aipolia var. anthelina (Ach.) Horw., Xanthoria aipolia var. cercidia (Ach.) Horw.]
source: Moberg (1990), Ochoa-Jiménez et al. (2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019)
Physcia albata (F. Wilson) Hale
[Dimelaena alboplumbea (Taylor) Trevis., Parmelia albata F. Wilson, Parmelia alboplumbea Taylor, Physcia alboplumbea (Taylor) Nyl.]
K. Kalb 19497 [WIS]
Physcia atrostriata Moberg
source: Moberg (1990), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Bungartz, F. 3515 [CDS], Hillmann, G. GAL-137 [CDS], Nugra, F. 1115 [CDS], Weber, W.A. s.n. [CDS], more...
Physcia biziana (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.
[Dimelaena biziana (A. Massal.) Trevis., Physcia ragusana var. biziana (A. Massal.) Zahlbr., Squamaria biziana A. Massal.]
source: van den Boom (2022)
Physcia cinerea Moberg
source: Moberg (1990)
Physcia convexa Nyl.
source: Moberg (1990), Cevallos (2012)
Physcia coronifera Moberg
Holotype GB, Arvidsson & Nilsson 2134, source: Moberg (1990), Nöske et al. (2007); K. Kalb 19539 [WIS], K. Kalb 19498 [WIS], Arvidsson, L.; Nilson, D. 2134 [GB]
Physcia dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl.
[Parmelia albinea var. dimidiata (Arnold) Jatta, Parmelia dimidiata (Arnold) Arnold, Parmelia pulverulenta var. dimidiata Arnold, Physcia aipolia var. dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl., Physcia albinea var. dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl., Physcia dimidiata f. dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl., Physcia dimidiata var. dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl., Physcia stellaris f. dimidiata (Arnold) Boistel, Physcia stellaris var. dimidiata (Arnold) Berdau]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Physcia dimidiata var. ornata (Nádv.) Moberg
[Physcia dimidiata f. ornata Nádv.]
source: Moberg (1990)
Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau
[Lobaria dubia Hoffm., Parmelia caesia var. teretiuscula Ach., Parmelia dubia (Hoffm.) Röhl., Parmelia dubia f. dubia (Hoffm.) Röhl., Parmelia dubia var. dubia (Hoffm.) Röhl., Parmelia pulchella var. dubia (Hoffm.) Schaer., Physcia caesia f. teretiuscula (Ach.) Harm., Physcia caesia var. dubia (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Physcia caesia var. teretiuscula (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia dubia var. teretiuscula (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Physcia teretiuscula (Ach.) Lynge, Physcia teretiuscula f. corticola Kosk.{?}, Physcia teretiuscula f. pallidula Nádv., Physcia teretiuscula f. teretiuscula (Ach.) Lynge, Placodium dubium (Hoffm.) Frege, Xanthoria caesia f. teretiuscula (Ach.) Horw.]
problematic, no modern record, source: Zahlbruckner (1907)
Physcia insularis Zahlbr.
native, questionably endem., according to Weber (1986 p. 478) the type of this species designated by Zahlbruckner (Ann. Mycol. 29:86. 1831) is deposited in Vienna (Floreana, Post Office Bay, Herre s.n.; W); Weber (1986) cites several specimens in COLO that he considers identical [L-40343 COLO 188855 (erroneously as L-30434); L-40198 COLO 189935; L-4038, COLO 188941; and L-40449 COLO 193411]; he emphasizes that he disagrees with Thompson (1963 p. 14) who, based on Zahlbruckner, Krypt. Exs. no. 3170, suggested that the species, contrary to the protologue, is not sorediate, but fertile; Weber points out that exsiccate specimens must not necessarily be considered identical with Zahlbruckner's type, further suggesting that the exsiccata might be a mixture of both P. insularis and P. mexicana; it is not clear, however, if Weber (1986 p. 478) has actually seen type material, when he annotated one specimen (L-40343, COLO 188855) as "p.p.; exactly matching the type", source: Thomson (1963), Weber (1966, 1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998); A. W. C. T. Herre s.n. [NY], A. W. C. T. Herre [F], UC523745 [UC], A.W.C.T. Herre [O], more...
Physcia integrata Nyl.
[Physcia dilatata subsp. integrata Nyl.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Moberg (1990)
Physcia leucomelos (L.) Michx.
[Anaptychia 'leucomelaena' (L.) Vain., Anaptychia leucomelaena (L.) Vain., Anaptychia leucomelaena f. leucomelaena, Anaptychia leucomelos (L.) Vain., Anaptychia leucomelos var. leucomelos (L.) A. Massal., Borrera leucomelos (L.) Ach., Hagenia leucomelos (L.) Schwend., Heterodermia leucomelaena (L.) Poelt, Heterodermia leucomelaena f. leucomelaena (L.) Poelt, Heterodermia leucomelaena subsp. leucomelaena (L.) Poelt, Heterodermia leucomelaena var. leucomelaena (L.) Poelt, Heterodermia leucomelos (L.) Poelt, Heterodermia leucomelos f. leucomelos (L.) Poelt, Heterodermia leucomelos subsp. leucomelos (L.) Poelt, Heterodermia leucomelos var. leucomelos (L.) Poelt, Leucodermia leucomelos (L.) Kalb, Lichen leucomelos L., Lobaria leucomelos (L.) Raeusch., Parmelia leucomelos (L.) Ach., Parmelia leucomelos var. leucomelos (L.) Ach., Parmelia speciosa var. leucomelos (L.) Eschw., Physcia leucomelos f. leucomelos (L.) Michx., Physcia leucomelos var. leucomelos (L.) Michx., Physcia speciosa var. leucomelos (L.) Tuck., Teloschistes leucomelos (L.) A. Schneid., Xanthoria leucomelos (L.) Horw.]
Physcia leucomelos var. angustifolia Nyl. nom. illegit.
problematic, name not resolved, no modern record, source: Romeguère (1879)
Physcia mobergii Bungartz
[Physcia lobulata Moberg nom. illegit.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, taxonomic comment the name Physcia lobulata Moberg (1990) is illegitimate because Physcia lobulata (Flörke) Arnold (1884) precedes it; Physcia lobulata (Flörke) Arnold is a synonym of Seawardiella lobulata; the replacement name for Physcia lobulata Moberg is published as Physcia mobergii; Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 1755 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5516 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4998 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3692 [CDS], more...
Physcia pachyphylla Müll.Arg.
source: Moberg (1990)
Physcia sinuosa Moberg
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 65391 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65625 [CDS]
Physcia sorediosa (Vain.) Lynge
[Physcia integrata f. sorediosa (Vain.) Müll. Arg., Physcia integrata var. sorediosa Vain.]
source: Dodge (1936), Weber (1966, 1986), Moberg (1990), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Ochoa-Jiménez et al. (2015), Nöske et al. (2007), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Benítez et al. (2019), van den Boom et al. (2022); K. Kalb 19518 [WIS], K. Kalb 19511 [WIS], Bungartz, F. 6812 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64923 A [CDS], more...
Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl.
[Anaptychia stellaris (L.) A. Massal., Borrera stellaris (L.) Mudd, Dimelaena stellaris (L.) Norman, Geissodea stellaris (L.) J. St.-Hil., Hagenia stellaris (L.) De Not., Imbricaria stellaris (L.) DC., Lichen stellaris L., Lobaria stellaris (L.) Hoffm., Parmelia stellaris (L.) Ach., Parmelia stellaris var. pseudoincisa Th. Fr., Parmelia stellaris var. radiata Ach., Parmelia stellaris var. rosulata Ach., Parmelia stellaris var. stellaris (L.) Ach., Physcia retrogressa Stirt., Physcia stellaris f. rosulata (Ach.) Nyl., Squamaria stellaris (L.) Frege, Xanthoria stellaris (L.) Horw., Xanthoria stellaris var. leptalea (Ach.) Horw., Xanthoria stellaris var. stellaris (L.) Horw., Xanthoria stellaris var. subobscura (Nyl.) Horw.]
parasitized by Heterocephalacria physciacearum, source: Déleg et al. (2021)
Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl.
[Borrera caesia var. tribacia (Ach.) Mudd, Dimelaena tribacia (Ach.) Trevis., Lecanora tribacia Ach., Parmelia caesia var. tribacia (Ach.) Torss., Parmelia erosa Borrer nom. illegit., Parmelia stellaris var. tribacia (Ach.) Torss., Parmelia tribacia (Ach.) Sommerf., Parmelia tribacia var. tribacia (Ach.) Sommerf., Physcia albinea var. tribacia (Ach.) Malbr., Physcia caesia f. tribacia (Ach.) H. Olivier, Physcia caesia var. tribacia (Ach.) Tuck., Physcia cernohorskyi var. erosa Nádv., Physcia erosa Zwackh, Physcia stellaris f. tribacia (Ach.) P. Syd., Physcia stellaris subsp. tribacia (Ach.) Vain., Physcia stellaris var. tribacia (Ach.) Tuck., Physcia tribacia var. tenuis Müll.Arg., Psoroma tribacium (Ach.) Gray, Squamaria tribacia (Ach.) Hook., Xanthoria erosa (Borrer) Horw., Xanthoria tribacia (Ach.) Horw.]
parasitized by Pronectria echinulata, source: Moberg (1990), Etayo (2017; as Physcia cf. tribacia), van den Boom et al. (2022)
Physma byrsaeum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Müll.Arg.
[Collema amphiurum Nyl., Collema byrsaeum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Ach., Collema hypolasium Stirt., Dichodium amphiurum (Nyl.) Nyl., Dichodium byrsaeum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Nyl., Dichodium byrsinum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Nyl., Gabura byrsaea (Afzel. ex Ach.) Kuntze, Gabura byrsina (Afzel. ex Ach.) Kuntze, Lempholemma hypolasium (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Lichen furvus * byrsaeum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Lam., Parmelia byrsaea Afzel. ex Ach., Physma amphiurum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Physma byrsaeum var. amphiurum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Physma byrsinum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Tuck.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, F. Bungartz: only one single, historic specimen (Sipman L-70, COLO L-63545, from Cerro Azul, Isabela, H. Sipman L-70, 22-25 June 1976); recently found again on a collection trip to Cerro Azul, source: Elix & McCarthy (1998), Weber (1986); Bungartz, F. 10296 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 10301 [CDS], Nugra, F. 1005 [CDS], Spielmann, A.A. 10379 [CDS], more...
Piccolia conspersa (Fée) Vain.
[Biatorella conspersa (Fée) Vain., Biatorella conspersa f. conspersa (Fée) Vain., Heterothecium conspersum (Fée) Flot., Lecidea conspersa Fée]
source: Nöske et al. (2007), van den Boom et al. (2022); K. Kalb 18863 [WIS], K. Kalb 18368 [WIS], Bungartz, F. 5824 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64300 [CDS], more...
Piccolia wrightii (Tuck.) Hafellner
[Biatorella wrightii (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Heterothecium wrightii (Tuck.) Tuck., Lecidea wrightii Tuck.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Pilophorus cereolus (Ach.) Th. Fr.
[Lichen cereolus Ach., Pilophoron cereolus (Ach.) Th. Fr., Stereocaulon cereolinum var. cereolus (Ach.) Th. Fr., Stereocaulon cereolus (Ach.) anon.]
Etayo, J. 23445 [hb. Etayo]
Placidiopsis minor var. longispora Etayo & Breuss
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on cf. Diploschistes, Holotype QCA, Etayo & Breuss, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25527 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. & Palice, Z. 25527 [QCAM]
Placidium corticola (Räsänen) Breuss
[Catapyrenium corticola (Räsänen) Breuss, Dermatocarpon corticola Räsänen]
source: Breuss (1993), Cevallos (2012); Arvidsson... 2242 [GB], Arvidsson... 4674 [GB]
Placidium lachneoides (Breuss) Breuss
[Catapyrenium lachneoides Breuss]
source: Breuss (1993)
Placopsis gelida (L.) Lindsay
[Lecanora gelida (L.) Ach., Lecanora gelida f. gelida (L.) Ach., Lecanora gelida f. leprosula Zahlbr., Lecanora gelida f. neglecta Degel., Lecanora gelida f. terricola Cromb., Lecanora gelida var. carnea (Räsänen) Zahlbr., Lecanora gelida var. gelida (L.) Ach., Lecanora gelida var. vitellina Hook. f. & Taylor, Lichen gelidus L., Parmelia gelida (L.) Ach., Patellaria gelida (L.) Trevis., Placodium gelidum (L.) Gray, Psoroma gelidum (L.) Rabenh., Squamaria gelida (L.) Hook., Squamaria gelida f. gelida (L.) Hook.]
parasitized by Llimoniella placopsidis & Taeniolella diederichiana , source: Etayo (2017), van den Boom et al. (2022); J. Etayo 19925 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 19907 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 19922 [hb. Etayo]
Placopsis lambii Hertel & V. Wirth
[Squamaria gelida f. dispersa Cromb.]
source: Galloway & Arvidsson (2007), Cevallos (2012)
Placopsis parellina (Nyl.) I. M. Lamb.
[Lecanora parellina Nyl., Placopsis microphylla (I.M. Lamb) D.J. Galloway, Placopsis parellina f. microphylla I.M. Lamb]
parasitized by Capronia andina & Roselliniopsis palicei, source: Galloway & Arvidsson (2007), Etayo (2017); L. B. Holm-Nielsen 17252 [NY], W. R. Buck 39291 [NY], J. Etayo 26304 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26997 [hb. Etayo], more...
Placopsis rhodocarpa (Nyl.) Nyl.
[Lecanora rhodocarpa (Nyl.) Nyl., Placodium rhodocarpum (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Placopsis parellina var. rhodocarpa (Nyl.) I.M. Lamb, Squamaria rhodocarpa Nyl.]
parasitized by Taeniolella diederichiana & Stigmidium placopsidis, source: Galloway & Arvidsson (2007), Etayo (2017); R. C. Harris 16940 [NY], R. C. Harris 17050 [NY], W. R. Buck 39190 [NY], R. C. Harris 17050 [NY], more...
Placopsis roivainenii I.M. Lamb
source: Galloway & Arvidsson (2007), Cevallos (2012)
Placopsis subcribellans (I.M. Lamb) D.J. Galloway
[Placopsis parellina f. subcribellans I.M. Lamb]
source: Cevallos (2012), Galloway & Arvidsson (2007)
Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & P. James
[Biatora fuliginea (Ach.) Fr., Biatora fuliginea var. fuliginea (Ach.) Fr., Biatora uliginosa var. fuliginea (Ach.) Fr., Epinyctis fuliginea (Ach.) Wallr., Lecidea fuliginea Ach., Lecidea fuliginea f. fuliginea Ach., Lecidea fuliginea f. saxicola Harm., Lecidea fuliginea var. fuliginea Ach., Lecidea fuliginea var. fuscovirens Vain., Lecidea icmalea Ach., Lecidea uliginosa var. fuliginea (Ach.) Link, Pannularia perfurfurea Nyl., Parmeliella corallinoides f. perfurfurea (Nyl.) Gyeln., Parmeliella perfurfurea (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Patellaria fuliginea (Ach.) Spreng., Placynthiella perfurfurea (Nyl.) Gyeln., Saccomorpha icmalea (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux]
Etayo, J. 26980 [hb. Etayo]
Platythecium grammitis (Fée) Staiger
[Diorygma grammitis Eschw., Fissurina grammitis Mont., Graphis grammatis Fée, Graphis grammitis Fée, Graphis grammitis f. grammitis Fée, Opegrapha grammitis (Mont.) Bél., Ustalia grammitis (Mont.) Stizenb.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004)
Platythecium hypoleptum (Nyl.) M. Nakan. & Kashiw.
[Graphis hypolepta Nyl., Thalloloma hypoleptum (Nyl.) Staiger]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 10161 [CDS]
Platythecium leiogramma (Nyl.) Staiger
[Graphis leiogramma Nyl., Phaeographis leiogramma (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
Platythecium serpentinellum (Nyl.) Staiger
[Graphis serpentinella Nyl., Phaeographis serpentinella (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Plectocarpon aequatoriale Etayo
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta sp., Holotype PRA, Kulíšek et al. s.n., source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 26404 [hb. Etayo]
Plectocarpon galapagoense Ertz & Bungartz
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sarcographa tricosa, native, questionably endem., Holotype: Bungartz 5759 [CDS 33415], source: Hyde et al. (2019); Bungartz, F. 5759 [CDS]
Podostictina encoensis (R. Sant.) D.J. Galloway & de Lange
[Podostictina encoensis (R. Sant.) D.J. Galloway & de Lange nom. inval., Pseudocyphellaria encoensis R. Sant.]
source: Galloway & Arvidsson (1990); Bungartz, F. 6683 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8502 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3480 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9567 [CDS]
Polyblastidium corallophorum (Taylor) Kalb
[Anaptychia corallophora (Taylor) Lynge, Anaptychia hypoleuca subsp. corallophora (Taylor) Vain., Heterodermia corallophora (Taylor) Skorepa, Parmelia corallophora Taylor, Physcia corallophora (Taylor) Nyl., Physcia speciosa f. isidiosa Müll. Arg., Pseudophyscia hypoleuca var. corallophora (Taylor) Hue]
source: Weber (1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Moberg (2011), van den Boom et al. (2022); K. Kalb 17045 [WIS], Gunnar Harling 1965 [O], Bungartz, F. 3974 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8788 [CDS], more...
Polyblastidium hypoleucum (Ach.) Kalb
[Anaptychia hypoleuca (Muhl.) Vain., Anaptychia hypoleuca f. contractosorediosa Sambo, Anaptychia hypoleuca f. granulosa Kurok., Anaptychia hypoleuca f. hypoleuca (Muhl.) A. Massal., Anaptychia hypoleuca f. minutula Räsänen, Anaptychia hypoleuca f. rubescens Räsänen, Anaptychia hypoleuca var. fulvescens Vain., Anaptychia hypoleuca var. hypoleuca (Muhl.) A. Massal., Anaptychia hypoleuca var. rottboellii Vain., Heterodermia hypoleuca (Ach.) Trevis., Heterodermia hypoleuca f. hypoleuca (Ach.) Trevis., Heterodermia hypoleuca var. divergens Trass, Heterodermia hypoleuca var. hypoleuca (Ach.) Trevis., Parmelia hypoleuca Mühl., Parmelia hypoleuca f. coralloidea Müll.Arg., Parmelia hypoleuca f. hypoleuca Müll.Arg., Physcia hypoleuca (Mühl.) Tuck., Physcia hypoleuca var. hypoleuca Tuck., Physcia hypoleuca var. tremulans Müll.Arg., Physcia speciosa var. hypoleuca (Mühl.) Nyl., Pseudophyscia hypoleuca (Mühl.) Hue]
source: Moberg (2011), Cevallos (2012), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 219 [HUTPL], Andersson... 550 [GB]
Polyblastidium japonicum (M. Satô) Kalb
[Anaptychia dendritica var. japonica M. Sat, Anaptychia dendritica var. propagulifera Vain., Anaptychia hypoleuca var. sorediifera (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Anaptychia japonica (M. Satô) Kurok., Anaptychia japonica var. japonica (M. Satô) Kurok., Anaptychia japonica var. reagens Kurok., Anaptychia propagulifera (Vain.) Ozenda & Clauzade, Anaptychia speciosa f. sorediifera (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Anaptychia subheterochroa var. propagulifera (Vain.) Kurok., Heterodermia dendritica var. propagulifera (Vain.) Poelt, Heterodermia japonica (M. Satô) Swinscow & Krog, Heterodermia japonica var. japonica (M. Satô) Swinscow & Krog, Physcia speciosa f. sorediifera Müll.Arg., Pseudophyscia speciosa var. hypoleuca]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Bungartz, F. 6824 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65203 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65639 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64511 [CDS], more...
Polyblastidium microphyllum (Kurok.) Kalb
[Anaptychia hypoleuca var. microphylla Kurok., Anaptychia microphylla (Kurok.) Kurok., Anaptychia microphylla f. granulosa (Kurok.) Kurok., Anaptychia microphylla f. microphylla (Kurok.) Kurok., Heterodermia microphylla (Kurok.) Skorepa, Heterodermia microphylla f. microphylla (Kurok.) Skorepa]
source: Benítez et al. (2012, 2015); Benítez, A. 223 [HUTPL]
Polycauliona candelaria (L.) Frödén, Arup, & Søchting
[Borrera candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Kickx, Callopisma candelarium (L.) Trevis., Courtoisia candelaris (L.) L. Marchand, Diblastia candelaria (L.) Trevis., Imbricaria candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Chevall., Lecanora candelaria (L.) Ach., Lecanora candelaria var. candelaria (L.) Ach., Lepropinacia candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) A. St.-Hil., Lichen candelarius L., Lobaria candelaria (L.) Hoffm., Massjukiella candelaria (L.) S.Y. Kondr., Fedorenko, S. Stenroos, Kärnefelt, Elix, Hur & A. Thell, Parmelia candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Ach., Parmelia candelaria var. candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Ach., Parmelia candelaria var. lychnea Ach., Parmelia parietina f. candelaris (L.) Körb., Parmelia parietina var. lychnea (Ach.) Fr., Parmelia parietina var. pygmaea Bory, Parmocarpus pygmaeus (Fr.) Trevis., Patellaria candelaris (L.) DC., Physcia candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Anzi, Physcia candelaria var. candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Anzi, Physcia controversa var. lychnea (Ach.) Rabenh., Physcia lychnea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia lychnea f. lychnea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia lychnea var. lychnea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia parietina subsp. lychnea (Ach.) Nyl., Physcia parietina var. lychnea (Ach.) A. Massal., Physcia polycarpa var. lychnea (Ach.) Vain., Placodium candelarium Weber ex F.H. Wigg., Placodium candelarium f. candelarium (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg., Placodium candelarium var. candelarium (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg., Psora candelaria (L.) Baumg., Psoroma candelarium (L.) Gray, Pyrenodesmia candelaria (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Trevis., Squamaria candelaria (L.) Howitt, Squamaria candelaria var. candelaria (L.) Howitt, Teloschistes candelarius (L.) Fink, Teloschistes candelarius var. candelarius (L.) Fink, Teloschistes candelarius var. pygmaeus (Bory) Fink, Teloschistes controversus var. lychneus (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Teloschistes lychneus (Ach.) Tuck., Teloschistes parietinus var. lychneus (Ach.) F. Wilson, Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria candelaria f. candelaria (L.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria candelaria var. candelaria (L.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria controversa var. lychnea (Ach.) Rabenh., Xanthoria lychnea (Ach.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria lychnea f. lychnea (Ach.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria lychnea var. lychnea (Ach.) Th. Fr., Xanthoria lychnea var. pygmaea (Borrer) Th. Fr., Xanthoria nowakii S.Y. Kondr. & Bielczyk]
source: Davey (1999); Annika & Lars Arvidsson 1983-06-12 [LD]
Polycauliona phlogina (Ach.) Arup, Frödén & Søchting
[Blastenia phlogina (Ach.) B. de Lesd., Callopisma phloginum (Ach.) Arnold, Caloplaca citrina f. phlogina (Ach.) D. Hawksw., Caloplaca phlogina (Ach.) Flagey, Caloplaca phlogina f. phlogina (Ach.) Flagey, Lecanora phlogina (Ach.) Nyl., Lecidea phlogina (Ach.) Hue, Parmelia citrina var. phlogina Ach., Placodium phloginum (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Scythioria phlogina (Ach.) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell & Hur, Xanthoria phlogina (Ach.) Arnold]
problematic, no modern record; the record in Cevallos (2012) is based on Návas (1908) from Pifo (near Quito), source: Návas (1908), Cevallos (2012)
Polycauliona stellata (Wetmore & Kärnefelt) Arup, Frödén & Søchting
[Caloplaca stellata Wetmore & Kaerneflt, Massjukiella stellata (Wetmore & Kärnefelt) S.Y. Kondr.]
Arvidsson... 1015 [GB], Arvidsson... 1016 [GB]
Polychidium muscicola (Sw.) Gray
[Collema muscicola (Sw.) Ach., Cornicularia muscicola (Sw.) DC., Garovaglia muscicola (Sw.) Trevis., Homodium muscicola (Sw.) Nyl., Leptogium muscicola (Sw.) Fr., Lichen muscicola Sw., Parmelia muscicola (Sw.) Ach., Patellaria muscicola (Sw.) Wallr., Polychidium muscicolum (Sw.) Gray]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Truong, C. 1149 B [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8147 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63155 [CDS], Dal-Forno, M. 1193 D [CDS], more...
Polycoccum arnoldii (Hepp) D. Hawksw.
[Phaeospora arnoldii Hepp, Tichothecium arnoldii (Hepp) Körb.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Diploschistes sp., source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 26687 [hb. Etayo]
Polycoccum deformans R. Sant. & Brackel
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Placopsis cf. gelida & Placopsis sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 23452 [hb. Etayo]
Polycoccum dictyonematis Etayo
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Dictyonema glabratum s.l., source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 25567 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 25565 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 25566 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25565 [QCAM]
Polycoccum longisporum Etayo
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25865 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26420 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20052 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25882 [hb. Etayo]
Polycoccum minutulum Kocourková & F. Berger
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on cf. Trapelia, & Trapelia sp., source: Etayo (2017)
Polycoccum nigrosporum Etayo
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Buellia cf. aethalea, source: Etayo (2017)
Polycoccum pulvinatum (Eitner) R. Sant.
[Polycoccum galligenum Vězda, Tichothecium pulvinatum Eitner]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Physcia sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20028 [hb. Etayo]
Polycoccum versisporum (Bagl. & Carestia) D. Hawksw.
[Microthelia versispora Bagl. & Carestia]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Rhizocarpon geminatum, source: Etayo (2017)
Polymeridium subcinereum (Nyl.) R.C. Harris
[Arthopyrenia subimitans Müll.Arg., Porina subcinerea (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Pseudopyrenula follmannii C.W. Dodge, Pyrenula subcinerea (Nyl.) Tuck., Verrucaria subcinerea Nyl.]
source: Benítez et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 63 [HUTPL]
Porina africana Müll.Arg.
[Porina platystoma Müll.Arg., Verrucaria africana (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb.]
source: McCarthy & Palice (2003), van den Boom et al. (2022)
Porina alba (R. Sant.) Lücking
[Phyllophiale alba R. Sant.]
parasitized by Opegrapha porinicola, source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Lücking & Matzer (2001); Robert Lücking 96-980 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE], Robert Lücking 96-151 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE], Robert Lücking 96-421 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
Porina albida Lücking
Holotype QCNE, Lücking 96-987, source: Lücking & Matzer (2001), Lücking (2008); Lücking, R. 96-987 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
Porina andreana Lücking & Vězda
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
Porina atlantica (Erichsen) P.M. Jørg.
[Ocellularia atlantica Erichsen, Porina guaranitica Malme]
source: McCarthy & Palice (2003), van den Boom et al. (2022)
Porina barbifera Lücking
Holotype QCNE, Lücking 96-394, source: Lücking (2008); Lücking, R. 96-394 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
Porina coralloidea P. James
[Zamenhofia coralloidea (P. James) Clauzade & Cl. Roux]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 65310 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64237 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3714 [CDS]
Porina cubana Vězda
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 64268 B [CDS], Rivas Plata, E. 4101 [CDS], Spielmann, A.A. 8153 B [CDS]
Porina dolichophora (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.
[Verrucaria dolichophora Nyl.]
source: McCarthy & Palice (2003)
Porina epiphylla Fée
[Lecanora epiphylla (Fée) Fée nom. illegit., Phylloporina epiphylla var. epiphylla (Fée) Müll.Arg., Pyrenula epiphylla (Fée) Plitt, Verrucaria epiphylla (Fée) Eschw.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Nöske et al. (2007), van den Boom et al. (2022); Klara Scharnagl 2169a [MSC]
Porina filispora Lücking
Holotype QCNE, Lücking 96-642, source: Lücking (2008); Lücking, R. 96-642 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
Porina fulvella Müll.Arg.
[Phylloporina fulvella (Müll. Arg.) Szatala]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
Porina fusca Lücking
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
Porina guianensis Lücking & Vězda
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
Porina leptosperma Müll.Arg.
[Phylloporina leptosperma (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
Porina leptospermoides Müll.Arg.
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Nöske et al. (2007)
Porina lucida R. Sant.
[Phylloporina lucida (R. Sant.) Szatala]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008); Robert Lücking 96-620 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE], Robert Lücking 96-982 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
Porina melanops Malme
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 8642 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65406 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8758 [CDS]
Porina moralesiae Lücking
source: Lücking (1999)
Porina napensis Lücking
Holotype QCA, Lücking 96-975, source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
Porina nucula Ach.
[Porina endochrysa Mont., Porina mastoidea var. rudis Müll.Arg., Porina nucula var. endochrysa (Mont.) Zahlbr., Porina pallida Müll.Arg., Porina rudis (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Porophora nucula (Ach.) Spreng., Segestria nucula (Ach.) Hellb., Sphaeromphale nucula (Ach.) Trevis., Verrucaria endochrysa (Mont.) Nyl.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2015; as Porina aff. nucula and Porina nucula), Benítez (2016), Benítez et al. (2019), Déleg et al. (2021); Aptroot, A. 64251 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64703 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4000 [CDS], Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 1742 [CDS], more...
Porina pichinchensis Lücking
Holotype QCA, Lücking 96-1178, source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
Porina rufula (Kremp.) Vain.
[Phylloporina rufula (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Phylloporina rufula f. rufula (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Phylloporina rufula var. rufula (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Porina pseudofulvella Sérus., Verrucaria rufula Kremp.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), van den Boom et al. (2022); Robert Lücking 96-251 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
Porina subepiphylla Lücking & Vězda
parasitized by Sphaeromma porinae & Keratosphaera porinae , source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Lücking & Matzer (2001), Etayo (2017); R. Lücking 96-490 [WIS], Robert Lücking 96-1189 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE], Robert Lücking 96-417 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE], Robert Lücking 96-657 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
Porina triseptata (Vězda) Lücking
[Trichothelium triseptatum Vězda]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
Porina vezdae Lücking
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
Pronectria biglobosa Etayo
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 27006, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25432 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 26285 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 27006 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25384 [hb. Etayo], more...
Pronectria echinulata Lowen
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Physcia cf. tribacia, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25530 [hb. Etayo]
Pronectria hymeniicola Etayo
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Collema glaucophthalmum and Leptogium azureum, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 25547 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20123 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 26664 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25399 [hb. Etayo], more...
Pronectria leptaleae (J. Steiner) Lowen
[Nectriella leptaleae (J. Steiner) R. Sant., Pharcidia leptaleae J. Steiner, Xenonectriella leptaleae (J. Steiner) Rossman & Lowen]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Physcia sp., source: Etayo (2017; as X. aff. leptalea; spelling of epithet orthographically incorrect, correct spelling is leptaleae); Etayo, J. 20028 [hb. Etayo]
Pronectria leptogii Etayo
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Leptogium sp. (sterile), L. azureum, L. cf. burnetiae, and L. phyllocarpum, source: Etayo (2017; as Pronectria leptogii agg.); Etayo, J. 25457 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 17330 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25676 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25411 [hb. Etayo]
Pronectria oligospora Lowen & Rogerson
[Pronectria oligospora subsp. oligospora Lowen & Rogerson, Pronectria oligospora var. oligospora Lowen & Rogerson]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Punctelia rudecta, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20062 [hb. Etayo]
Pronectria parmotrematis Etayo
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Parmotrema sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 17259, source: Etayo (2017), Etayo (2001); J. Etayo 17259 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 17280 [hb. Etayo]
Pronectria pycnidioidea Etayo
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Heterodermia sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 17234, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 17252 [hb. Etayo]
Pronectria robergei (Mont. & Desm.) Lowen
[Nectria peltigerae W. Phillips & Plowr., Nectria robergei Mont. & Desm.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Peltigera soredians, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 26308 [hb. Etayo]
Pronectria roseopunctata Etayo
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 19967 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 25351 [hb. Etayo]
Protoparmeliopsis ertzii Bungartz & Elix
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Ertz 11813 [CDS 37172], source: Bungartz et al. (2020); Ertz, D. 11813 [CDS]
Protounguicularia fasciculata (Etayo) Etayo
[Unguiculariopsis fasciculata Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Ramalina sp., source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 25349 [hb. Etayo]
Protounguicularia usneae Etayo
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Usnea sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 17267, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 17267 [hb. Etayo]
Pseudobogoriella annonacea (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, R. Miranda & Aptroot
[Bogoriella annonacea (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking, Microthelia annonacea Müll.Arg., Mycomicrothelia annonacea (Müll. Arg.) D. Hawksw.]
source: Aptroot (1991), Cevallos (2012)
Pseudobogoriella captiosa (Kremp.) Lücking, R. Miranda & Aptroot
[Bogoriella captiosa (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking, Microthelia captiosa (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Mycomicrothelia captiosa (Kremp.) D. Hawksw., Verrucaria captiosa Kremp.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
Pseudobogoriella hemisphaerica (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, R. Miranda & Aptroot
[Bogoriella hemisphaerica (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking, Microthelia hemisphaerica Müll.Arg., Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica (Mull. Arg.) D. Hawksw.]
source: Aptroot (1991), Cevallos (2012)
Pseudobogoriella miculiformis (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, R. Miranda & Aptroot
[Bogoriella miculiformis (Nyl. ex Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking, Microthelia miculiformis Nyl. ex Müll. Arg., Mycomicrothelia miculiformis (Nyl. ex Müll. Arg.) D. Hawksw., Verrucaria miculiformis Nyl.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Spielmann, A.A. 10605 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3520 [CDS]
Pseudobogoriella socialis (Zahlbr.) Lücking, R. Miranda & Aptroot
[Bogoriella socialis (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking, Microthelia socialis Zahlbr., Mycomicrothelia socialis (Zahlbr.) D. Hawksw.]
source: Aptroot (1991), Cevallos (2012)
Pseudobogoriella subfallens (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, R. Miranda & Aptroot
[Bogoriella subfallens (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking, Microthelia subfallens Müll.Arg., Mycomicrothelia subfallens (Müll. Arg.) D. Hawksw., Verrucaria subfallens Nyl. nom. inval.]
source: Aptroot (1991), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Weber (1993), Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Bungartz, F. 9441 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65560 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65543 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65061 A [CDS], more...
Pseudocalopadia mira Lücking
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
Pseudochapsa dilatata (Müll. Arg.) Parnmen, Lücking & Lumbsch
[Chapsa dilatata (Müll. Arg.) Kalb, Ocellularia dilatata Müll.Arg., Thelotrema dilatatum (Müll.Arg.) Hale]
source: Chuquimarca et al (2019), Benítez et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 11 [HUTPL]
Pseudocyphellaria argyracea (Delise) Vain.
[Lichen argyraceus (Delise) Bory, Pseudocyphellaria argyracea f. argyracea (Delise) Vain., Pseudocyphellaria argyracea var. argyracea (Delise) Vain., Pseudocyphellaria argyracea var. sorediifera (Delise) Malme, Sticta argyracea f. argyracea Delise, Sticta argyracea var. argyracea Delise, Sticta argyracea var. sorediifera Delise, Stictina argyracea f. argyracea (Delise) Nyl., Stictina argyracea var. argyracea (Delise) Nyl.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Elix & McCarthy (1998), Galloway & Arvidsson (1990), Weber (1986); Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 2057 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 10056 [CDS], Truong, C. 1489 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8521 [CDS], more...
Pseudocyphellaria bartlettii D.J. Galloway
[Pseudocyphellaria mougeotiana f. isidiosa (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Sticta mougeotiana f. isidiata (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Stictina mougeotiana f. isidiosa Müll.Arg.]
source: Galloway & Arvidsson (1990)
Pseudocyphellaria billardierei (Delise) Räsänen
[Crocodia richardii (Mont.) Trevis., Lobaria billardierei Delise, Lobaria billardierei var. billardierei Delise, Lobaria fossulata var. richardii (Mont.) Hellb., Pseudocyphellaria billardieri (Delise) Räsänen, Pseudocyphellaria flotowiana (Laurer) Malme, Pseudocyphellaria linearis (Hook. f. & Taylor) C.W. Dodge, Pseudocyphellaria richardii (Mont.) Räsänen, Pseudocyphellaria richardii var. richardii (Mont.) Räsänen, Sticta billardierei Delise, Sticta billardierei var. billardierei Delise, Sticta billardierei var. lacinulata (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Sticta cellulifera f. billardierei (Delise) Nyl., Sticta cellulifera f. lacinulata (Kremp.) Stizenb., Sticta faveolata var. billardierei (Delise) C. Bab., Sticta faveolata var. richardii (Mont.) Linds., Sticta flotowiana Laurer, Sticta flotowiana var. flotowiana Laurer, Sticta fossulata f. lacinulata Kremp., Sticta fossulata f. linearis (Hook. f. & Taylor) Stizenb., Sticta fossulata var. richardii (Mont.) Nyl., Sticta foveolata var. richardii (Mont.) Linds., Sticta linearis Hook. f. & Taylor, Sticta richardii Mont., Sticta richardii f. richardii Mont., Sticta richardii var. richardii Mont., Sticta richardii var. rufovirescens C. Bab.]
source: Müller (1879, as Sticta linearis)
Pseudocyphellaria clathrata (De Not.) Malme
[Crocodia clathrata (De Not.) Trevis., Sticta aurata f. clathrata (De Not.) Kremp., Sticta clathrata De Not.]
parasitized by Lichenopeltella thalamica, source: Etayo (2017), Galloway & Arvidsson (1990), van den Boom et al. (2022); Etayo, J. 26327 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 17234 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 19929 [hb. Etayo]
Pseudocyphellaria crocata (L.) Vain.
[Celidium keisslerianum Gyeln., Cyanisticta aurigera (Bory) C.W. Dodge, Cyanisticta aurigera var. aurigera (Bory) C.W. Dodge, Cyanisticta crocata (L.) Gyeln., Cyanisticta crocata f. crocata (L.) Räsänen, Cyanisticta crocata var. crocata (L.) Räsänen, Cyanisticta mougeotiana var. aurigera (Delise) Szatala, Lichen crocatus L., Lobaria crocata (L.) Raeusch., Pseudocyphellaria mougeotiana f. aurigera (Delise) I.M. Lamb, Pseudocyphellaria mougeotiana var. aurigera (Delise) Vain., Pulmonaria aurigera Bory, Saccardoa crocata (L.) Trevis., Sticta aurigera Delise, Sticta aurigera var. aurigera Delise, Sticta crocata (Hoffm.) DC., Sticta crocata f. crocata (L.) Ach., Sticta crocata var. crocata (L.) Ach., Stictina crocata (L.) Nyl., Stictina crocata f. crocata (L.) Nyl.]
problematic; according to Lücking et al. (2017) none of the 13 species previously treates as P. crocata are P. crocata s.str.; according to Elix & McCarthy (1998) reported for the Galapagos by Weber (1986) as Pseudocyphellaria mougeotiana var. aurigera with Pseudocyphellaria xantholoma as a synonym; all names currently not resolved, source: Zahlbruckner (1907), Zahlbruckner (1905), Dodge (1936), Weber (1966, 1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Galloway & Arvidsson (1990), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); A. Aptroot 3065 [ASU], L. B. Holm-Nielsen... 3482 [US], Benítez, A. 378 [HUTPL], Etayo, J. 25804 [hb. Etayo], more...
Pseudocyphellaria dozyana (Mont. & Bosch) D.J. Galloway
[Saccardoa dozyana (Mont. & Bosch) Trevis., Sticta dozyana Mont. & Bosch, Stictina dozyana (Mont. & Bosch) Nyl.]
Weber (1993) suggests that this species was previously listed by Weber (1986) as Pseudocyphellaria mougeotiana var. aurigera, saying that although Galapagos specimens were verified by Galloway, they were not included in Galloway & Arvidsson (1990), source: Weber (1986; as Pseudocyphellaria mougeotiana var. aurigera), Weber (1993), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Galloway (1985), Galloway & Arvidsson (1990); Rivas Plata, E. 4061 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65529 [CDS], Nugra, F. 42 [CDS], Clerc, P. 08-304 [CDS], more...
Pseudocyphellaria intricata (Delise) Vain.
[Cyanisticta intricata (Delise) Räsänen, Cyanisticta intricata var. intricata (Delise) Räsänen, Cyanisticta normalis Gyeln., Pseudocyphellaria thouarsii var. intricata (Delise) Degel., Sticta intricata Delise, Sticta intricata f. intricata Delise, Sticta intricata var. intricata Delise, Stictina argyracea var. intricata (Delise) Leight., Stictina intricata (Delise) Nyl., Stictina intricata var. intricata (Delise) Nyl.]
source: Galloway & Arvidsson (1990); Etayo, J. 25766 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26403 [hb. Etayo]
Pseudocyphellaria sandwicensis (Zahlbr.) Moncada & Lücking
[Cyanisticta sandwicensis (Zahlbr.) Gyeln., Sticta crocata f. sandwicensis Zahlbr.]
source: Lücking et al. (2017)
Pseudocyphellaria xanthosticta (Pers.) Moncada & Lücking
[Sticta xanthosticta Pers.]
source: Lücking et al. (2017)
Pseudonitschkia parmotrematis Coppins & S.Y. Kondr.
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Parmotrema reticulatum, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20097 [hb. Etayo]
Pseudoparmelia cubensis (Nyl.) Elix & Nash
[Parmelia cubensis Nyl., Parmelia leucochlora Tuck.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007), Elix et al. (1997)
Pseudopyrenula diluta (Fée) Müll.Arg.
[Arthopyrenia diluta (Fée) Harm., Pseudopyrenula albonitens Müll.Arg., Pseudopyrenula atroalba Vain., Pseudopyrenula diluta var. diluta (Fée) Müll.Arg., Pseudopyrenula erumpens Müll.Arg., Pseudopyrenula oahuensis H. Magn., Pseudopyrenula sitiana Vain., Pyrenula diluta (Fée) Tuck., Verrucaria diluta Fée]
source: Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez (2016), Benítez et al. (2019), van den Boom et al. (2022); Aptroot, A. 64084 B [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9268 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4896 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4327 [CDS], more...
Pseudopyrenula subgregaria Müll.Arg.
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Albert W. C. T. Herre L-41176 [LSU]
Pseudopyrenula subnudata Müll.Arg.
[Arthopyrenia minutissima Vain., Pseudopyrenula araucariae Vain., Pseudopyrenula confluens G. Merr., Pseudopyrenula diluta var. degenerans Vain., Pseudopyrenula elliptica Müll.Arg., Pseudopyrenula flavicans Müll.Arg., Pseudopyrenula limitata Szatala, Pyrenula hagmannii Redinger]
source: Weber (1993; as Pseudopyrenula subgregaria), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Benítez (2016), Benítez et al. (2019), van den Boom et al. (2022); Bungartz, F. 5764 [CDS], Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 1929 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63983 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3903 [CDS], more...
Pseudorobillarda peltigerae Diederich
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Parmotrema sp., source: Etayo (2017)
Pseudosagedia atrocoerulea (Müll. Arg.) Hafellner & Kalb
[Phylloporina atrocoerulea (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Porina atrocoerulea Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Lücking & Matzer (2001); Bungartz, F. 7088 C [CDS], Rivas Plata, E. 4085 B [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7084 E [CDS], Herrera-Campos, M.A. 10634 E [CDS], more...
Pseudosagedia cestrensis (Michener) R.C. Harris
[Porina cestrensis (Tuck. ex Michener) Müll.Arg., Porina cestrensis var. cestrensis (Tuck.) Müll. Arg., Sagedia cestrensis Tuck., Trichothelium cestrense (Michener) R.C. Harris, Verrucaria cestrensis Tuck. ex E. Michener]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 7312 B [CDS]
Pseudosagedia guentheri (Flot.) Hafellner & Kalb
[Amphoridium koerberi (Hepp) A. Massal., Porina grandis var. lucens Taylor, Porina guentheri (Flot.) Zahlbr., Porina guentheri var. guentheri (Flot.) Zahlbr., Porina guentheri var. lucens (Taylor) Swinscow, Porina koerberi (Flot.) Lettau, Sagedia koerberi (Flot.) Körb., Sagedia koerberi f. koerberi (Flot.) Körb., Segestria koerberi (Flot.) Hellb., Spermatodium koerberi (Flot.) Trevis., Spermatodium koerberi var. guentheri (Flot.) Trevis., Trichothelium guentheri (Flotow) R.C. Harris, Verrucaria guentheri Flot., Verrucaria koerberi Hepp]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 64025 [CDS]
Pseudosagedia nitidula (Müll. Arg.) Hafellner & Kalb
[Phylloporina nitidula (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Phylloporina nitidula f. nitidula (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Phylloporina nitidula f. validior Zahlbr., Porina nitidula Müll.Arg., Trichothelium nitidulum (Müll. Arg.) R.C. Harris]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), van den Boom et al. (2022); Aptroot, A. 64216 [CDS], Nugra, F. 910 C3 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8231 B [CDS], Rivas Plata, E. 4085 A [CDS], more...
Pseudoseptoria usneae (Vouaux) D. Hawksw.
[Phoma usneae Vouaux]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Usnea sp., source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 26688 [hb. Etayo]
Pseudospiropes costaricensis (E.F. Morris) de Hoog & Arx
[Pleurophragmium costaricense E.F. Morris]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Pseudocyphellaria aurata, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25631 [hb. Etayo]
Psilolechia lucida (Ach.) Choisy
[Biatora lucida (Ach.) Fr., Biatora lucida var. lucida (Ach.) Fr., Biatora lucida var. theiotea (Ach.) Räsänen, Lecidea lucida Ach., Lecidea lucida f. lucida (Ach.) Ach., Lecidea lucida f. theiotea (Ach.) Zahlbr., Lecidea lucida var. lucida (Ach.) Ach., Lecidea lucida var. theiotea Ach., Lichen lucidus Ach., Patellaria lucida (Ach.) Spreng., Patellaria theiotea (Ach.) Wallr., Patellaria theiotea var. lucida (Ach.) Wallr.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007); Aptroot, A. 65143 [CDS], Etayo, J. 25780 [hb. Etayo]
Psiloparmelia flavobrunnea (Müll. Arg.) Elix & T.H. Nash
[Parmelia flavobrunnea Müll.Arg., Xanthoparmelia flavobrunnea (Müll.Arg.) Hale]
source: Nash (1992); L. Arvidsson 6313 [ASU]
Psora icterica (Mont.) Müll.Arg.
[Biatora icterica Mont., Lecidea icterica (Mont.) Taylor, Schaereria icterica (Mont.) Gyeln., Schaereria icterica f. argentina (Gyeln.) Gyeln., Schaereria icterica f. icterica (Mont.) Gyeln., Schaereria icterica var. argentina Gyeln., Schaereria icterica var. icterica (Mont.) Gyeln.]
R.C. Harris 17417 [ASU], Harris, Richard C 17417 [MSC], Harris, R. 17417 [MIN], K. Kalb 19126 [WIS], more...
Psora nipponica (Zahlbr.) Gotth. Schneider
[Lecidea nipponica Zahlbr., Lecidea novomexicana (B. de Lesd.) R.A. Anderson, Psora novomexicana B. de Lesd.]
source: Elix & McCarthy (1998), Castillo-Monroy et al. (2016)
Psoroglaena costaricensis Henssen
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
Psoroglaena stigonemoides (Orange) Henssen
[Leucocarpia stigonemoides (Orange) Hafellner & Kalb, Macentina stigonemoides Orange]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Aptroot, A. 63820 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65552 [CDS]
Psoroma cinnamomeum subsp. andinum P.M. Jørg. & Palice
Holotype PRA, Soldán, Palice 4350, source: Jørgensen & Palice (2010); Z. Palice, Z. Soldán 4552 [BG]
Psoroma hypnorum (Vahl) Gray
[Amphiloma hypnorum (Vahl) Nägeli, Courtoisia hypnorum (Vahl) L. Marchand, Lecanora hypnorum (Vahl) Ach., Lecanora hypnorum f. hypnorum (Vahl) Ach., Lichen hypnorum Vahl, Pannaria hypnorum (Vahl) Körb., Pannaria hypnorum f. hypnorum (Vahl) Körb., Pannaria hypnorum var. hypnorum (Vahl) Körb., Parmelia hypnorum (Vahl) Ach., Patellaria hypnorum (Vahl) DC., Squamaria hypnorum (Vahl) Hook., Trachyderma hypnorum (Vahl) Norman, Zeora hypnorum (Vahl) Flot.]
source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004), Cevallos (2012)
Psoroma macrosporum (P.M. Jørg. & Palice) P.M. Jørg.
[Santessoniella macrospora P.M. Jørg. & Palice]
Holotype PRA, Palice 2750, source: Jørgensen & Palice (2010)
Psoroma paleaceum (Fr.) Nyl.
[Lecanora paleacea (Fr.) Hook. & Taylor, Parmelia paleacea Fr., Psora paleaceum (Fr.) Nyl., Psoroma coralloideum Nyl., Psoroma hypnorum var. coralloideum Nyl., Psoroma hypnorum var. paleaceum (Fr.) Rostr.]
source: Jørgensen & Palice (2010)
Psoroma tenue Henssen
source: Jørgensen & Palice (2010)
Psorotheciopsis albomaculans (Rehm) R. Sant.
[Linhartia albomaculans (Rehm) Sacc. & P. Syd., Tapesia albomaculans Rehm]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
Psorotheciopsis patellarioides (Rehm) R. Sant.
[Calloria patellarioides Rehm, Catillaria patellarioides (Rehm) R. Sant. ex Thorold, Linhartia patellarioides (Rehm) Vězda]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
Psorotheciopsis philippinensis (Rehm) Lücking
[Linhartia philippinensis Rehm, Microphiale philippinensis (Rehm) Zahlbr.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), van den Boom et al. (2022)
Psorotichia hassei Fink ex J. Hedrick
preliminary identification, the only specimen (Bungartz, F. 6122) was determined by M. Schultz as "cf."; Bungartz, F. 6122 [CDS]
Psorotichia murorum A. Massal.
[Collemopsis murorum (A. Massal.) Stizenb.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, first erroneously identified as Psorotichia schaereri by M. Schultz in 2006, source: Schultz & Aptroot (2008); Bungartz, F. 3967 [CDS]
Pterygiopsis guyanensis M. Schultz, Porembski & Büdel
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 7272 [CDS]
Puiggariella nemathora (Mont.) S.H. Jiang, Lücking & J.C. Wei
[Amoebomyces pseudolmediae Bat. & H. Maia, Strigula nemathora Mont., Strigula nemathora f. nemathora Mont., Strigula nemathora var. nemathora Mont.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Lücking & Matzer (2001), van den Boom et al. (2022)
Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog
[Imbricaria borreri (Sm.) Körb., Lichen borreri Sm., Parmelia borreri (Sm.) Turner, Parmelia borreri f. borreri (Sm.) Turner, Parmelia borreri var. borreri (Sm.) Turner, Parmelia borreri var. pseudoborreri (Asahina) Targé & Lambinon, Parmelia pseudoborreri Asahina]
source: Ochoa-Jiménez et al. (2015), van den Boom et al. (2022)
Punctelia colombiana Sérus.
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), van den Boom et al. (2022); K. Kalb 18538 [WIS], K. Kalb 18517 [WIS], K. Kalb 18537 [WIS], K. Kalb 18539 [WIS], more...
Punctelia crispa Marcelli, Jungbluth & Elix
source: Benítez et al. (2012; as Punctelia aff. crispa), Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 379 [HUTPL]
Punctelia hypoleucites (Nyl.) Krog
[Parmelia borreri subsp. hypoleucites (Nyl.) Nyl., Parmelia hypoleucites Nyl.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
Punctelia oxyspora (Tul.) Divakar, A. Crespo & Lumbsch
[Abrothallus oxysporus Tul., Biatora oxyspora (Tul.) Tuck., Epithallia oxyspora (Tul.) Nyl., Lecidea oxyspora (Tul.) Nyl., Lecidea oxyspora var. oxyspora (Tul.) Nyl., Nesolechia fusca (Triebel & Rambold) Pérez-Ortega, Nesolechia oxyspora (Tul.) A. Massal., Nesolechia oxyspora var. fusca (Triebel & Rambold) Diederich, Phacopsis fusca (Triebel & Rambold) Diederich, Phacopsis oxyspora (Tul.) Triebel & Rambold, Phacopsis oxyspora var. fusca Triebel & Rambold, Phacopsis oxyspora var. oxyspora (Tul.) Triebel & Rambold, Scutula oxyspora (Tul.) P. Karst.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna sp., Xanthoparmelia cf. microspora, Parmotrema reticulatum, Punctelia stictica, Hypotrachyna sinuosa, Punctelia reducta, Everniastrum sp., and Parmotrema sp.; also parasitized by Stigmidium epinesolechia, name not well resolved; based on molecular evidence, Divakar et al. (2017) placed Nesolechia, a genus of lichenicolous fungi, in synonymy with Punctelia, a well known genus, mostly comprised of large foliose lichens; since Nesolechia A. Massal. 1856 is the older name, but the lichenicolous fungi in the genus Nesolechia remain poorly known, Divakar et al. (2017), proposed to conserve Punctelia Krog 1982 against Nesolechia, and consequently transferred the type species N. oxyspora into Punctelia, source: Etayo (2017), van den Boom et al. (2022); Etayo, J. 17287 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20061 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25661 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 17336 [hb. Etayo], more...
Punctelia reddenda (Stirton) Krog
[Parmelia borreri var. reddenda (Stirt.) Boistel, Parmelia reddenda Stirt.]
source: Benítez et al. (2012; as Punctelia aff. reddenda), Benítez et al. (2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), van den Boom et al. (2022); Benítez, A. 380 [HUTPL]
Punctelia rudecta (Ach.) Krog
[Imbricaria rudecta (Ach.) Jatta, Parmelia borreri subsp. rudecta (Ach.) Fink, Parmelia borreri var. rudecta (Ach.) Tuck., Parmelia rudecta Ach., Parmelia rudecta f. rudecta Ach., Parmelia rudecta var. rudecta Ach.]
parasitized by Pronectria oligospora, Nesolechia oxyspora, Abrothallus parmeliarum, Didymocyrtis melanelixiae, Lichenoconium usneae, Stigmidium epinesolechia and Lichenoconium erodens, source: Etayo (2017), González et al. (2019), Chuquimarca et al. (2019),van den Boom et al. (2022); Culberson, William, L.... 20124 [DUKE], Etayo, J. 20111 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20035 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25828 [hb. Etayo], more...
Punctelia stictica (Delise ex Duby) Krog
[Imbricaria borreri var. stictica (Delise ex Duby) Flot., Parmelia borreri var. stictica Delise ex Duby, Parmelia dubia var. stictica (Delise ex Duby) Schaer., Parmelia stictica (Delise ex Duby) Nyl., Parmotrema sticticum (Delise ex Duby) M. Choisy]
parasitized by Rinodina conradii, Nesolechia oxyspora & Lichenohendersonia uniseptata, source: Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907; as Parmelia dubia var. stictica Zahlbr. - Parmelia borreri var. stictica Delise ex Duby), Sklenář et al. (2010; as P. cf. stictica), Etayo (2017), van den Boom et al. (2022; as P. cf. stictica); T.H. Nash III 23814 [ASU], T.H. Nash III 23831 [ASU], Harris, R. 17377 [MIN], Richard C Harris 17068 [WIS], more...
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